The study analyzed data from a national cancer registry and found that type of treatment, sex, race, and insurance status are significantly associated with survival rates among patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Total laryngectomy was found to be the most effective treatment in increasing survival likelihood.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a surprising new electronic property in magnetite, a well-studied magnetic mineral, by using nanofabrication methods. They were able to get the material to revert from an insulator to a conductor at temperatures colder than minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
Patients with severe psoriasis have a 50% higher risk of death compared to those without the condition. The study found that men and women with severe psoriasis died an average of 3.5 and 4.4 years earlier, respectively.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University have discovered a way to jumpstart the production of new naïve T-cells, which are vital for fighting infections. This approach could provide long-term protection against diseases such as the flu for aging Americans.
A 20-minute evening back massage was found to decrease pain intensity and unpleasantness, as well as anxiety, in patients undergoing major surgery. The study suggests that massage may act through multiple mechanisms, including relieving anxiety and generating mood-boosting endorphins.
A study found that teachers provide valuable information to schools about adolescent health issues due to their daily interactions with students. Teachers are concerned about handling mental health and behavioral problems but desire additional staff development workshops.
A Northwestern University study found that overexcited neurons can cause protein damage in muscle cells due to neurotransmitter imbalance. This imbalance can lead to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
A Kaiser Permanente-funded study will analyze the medical records of 175,000 adults to find ways to improve cardiovascular care nationwide. The two-year study aims to connect adherence to evidence-based care guidelines with risk of disease events.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that monkeys can perform mental arithmetic, solving problems with accuracy and speed similar to those of college students. The study suggests that basic arithmetic may be part of our shared evolutionary past.
Researchers found that grade 2 and 3 tumors are more common in HER2+ and triple negative cancers, which have a higher risk of growth and relapse. Cancer came back frequently in these subtypes, with a death rate higher in triple negative breast cancer.
A Mayo Clinic program has reduced delays between abnormal mammograms and diagnosis, improving outcomes for women with cancer. The clinic's multidisciplinary breast clinic helped overcome barriers such as lack of transportation and childcare, providing timely care to underserved women.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon and Pitt describe a mechanism called dynamic connectivity, where neuronal circuits are rewired in response to specific patterns of stimuli. This process allows for more keenly sensed stimuli, such as recognizing scents, by filtering out noise and enhancing contrast.
A new genetic variation has been identified that affects a child's risk of developing Kawasaki disease, an illness characterized by acute inflammation of the arteries. The variation influences immune activation and response to standard treatment, with implications for alternative therapies.
Two studies from Mayo Clinic found that ER/PR negative breast cancers have the worst overall outcomes when spreading to the brain, resulting in shorter median survival times. Women with triple negative tumors and HER2+ tumors without estrogen or progesterone receptors have poor outcomes due to aggressive brain metastasis.
Researchers have discovered two new targets for drugs aimed at controlling lupus by regulating the balance between inflammatory and antiviral effects of interferons. By blocking specific kinases in the calcium-signaling pathway, they were able to suppress STAT1 activation and preserve antiviral effects.
A survey of 367 women with advanced breast cancer underscores the significance of emotional and educational needs, with psychosocial support identified as a high priority. The study also reveals dissatisfaction with treatment experiences and highlights the importance of internet access as an information resource for patients.
A combination of lapatinib and capecitabine significantly shrinks brain metastases in patients with aggressive HER2-positive breast cancer, with 10 patients experiencing a 50% reduction. The study's findings offer new hope for treatment options for women with advanced breast cancer who develop brain metastases.
Scientists discover two new mammal species, a tiny possum and giant rat, in the remote Foja Mountains. The region is also home to numerous rare and little-known bird species, including the 'lost' Bird of Paradise.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) has approved home sleep testing as a tool to detect moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in select adults. Home sleep tests are recommended for adults between 18 and 65 with high pretest probability of OSA and no comorbid medical conditions.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found an association between short sleep times and obesity in patients with chronic medical problems. The results suggest that adults should aim for eight to nine hours of sleep per night to maintain optimal weight.
A study using the Transtheoretical Model found that over 60% of OSA patients were at pre-action stages, with less than 30% reporting maintenance. The model suggests that increasing exercise and reducing body mass may be a practical route for managing mild sleep apnea.
The emerging field of neuroecology explores how neural mechanisms influence population dynamics and community interactions. Researchers discuss the ecological functions of chemical defenses, such as neurotoxins and inking, which have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems.
The Stowers Institute's Shilatifard Lab has published findings on the molecular machinery required for translating histone crosstalk between H2B monoubiquitination and H3 methylation. This process is highly conserved from yeast to humans and plays a crucial role in gene expression.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center are conducting a five-year study to test the safety and effectiveness of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) as treatments for major depressive disorder. The study aims to determine whether these two omega-3 fatty acids can help alleviate symptoms of depression in adults.
A study by University College London found that retired households in Britain now spend similarly on goods and services as younger people, with an increase in leisure activities like holidays. This marks a significant shift from previous stereotypes of older consumers.
The ATAC trial confirms anastrozole's superior efficacy over tamoxifen, with increased disease-free survival and reduced cancer recurrence. Long-term benefits of anastrozole treatment persist even after completion.
The program will offer interdisciplinary research experiences and a pipeline to graduate programs and full-time jobs, targeting juniors majoring in computational mathematical sciences. Students will have the opportunity to apply math concepts to real-world problems in fields like physics, engineering, and life sciences.
Researchers found that boosting autophagy in fruit flies prevented the age-dependent accumulation of cellular damage in neurons and promoted longevity. Boosting autophagy facilitated the removal of damaged molecules that accumulate during cellular aging, which is critical for neurons to stay healthy and functioning.
The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission will precisely map the moon's gravitational pull, revealing differences in density of the moon's crust and mantle. The detailed information gained will facilitate future manned or unmanned missions to land on the moon.
A study found that 20% of lab tests accounted for 99% of results, making it easier to develop a common language for lab tests, such as LOINC. This standardization can bridge gaps in health data and improve healthcare information technology.
Researchers at UMass Medical School discovered a complex pathway that allows cells to survive and die through autophagy, a process previously misunderstood. The study sheds light on the relationship between autophagy and cell death, with potential implications for cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's treatments.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics will present eight awards to recognize outstanding achievements in aerospace science and engineering. The recipients include Helen Reed, Andrew Arena, Alan Tribble, Ryan Starkey, Wayne Sand, Vigor Yang, and six graduate students for their research endeavors.
Exposure to traffic pollution may increase respiratory problems and reduce lung volumes in children with asthma. Living in areas with high road density also increased respiratory symptoms in asthmatic children, even if they didn't have pre-existing conditions.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that cholesterol levels in outer hair cell membranes impact hearing. Depleting cholesterol resulted in hearing loss, while adding it initially increased hearing but later led to a decline.
Women are more prone to developing COPD due to exposure to risk factors like cigarette smoke, leading to distinct manifestations of the disease. They also experience different symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment outcomes compared to men.
Scientists warn that coral reefs will struggle to survive in increasingly acidic ocean waters due to rising carbon emissions, threatening marine biodiversity and coastal economies. The Great Barrier Reef is among the first victims of this acidification, which could lead to its collapse by mid-century.
A study at Fox Chase Cancer Center found that men with female relatives testing positive for a BRCA mutation have an increased risk of developing prostate and breast cancer, yet many are unaware of this risk. The study highlights the need for better communication between healthcare providers and male family members about genetic test r...
Two studies demonstrate the value of repair systems for internal defects, with fiberglass-composite repairs showing wide variation in quality. Thin, precurved steel lamina effectively repair external corrosion without compromising pipes' strength.
Researchers propose that ongoing cell differentiation patterns protect against somatic evolution, which can lead to cancer and senescent decline with aging. A computer simulation supports this hypothesis, suggesting these patterns are crucial for the origin and sustainability of multicellular organisms.
A study published in Dermatologic Therapy reveals that rituximab effectively treats blistering skin diseases, including paraneoplastic pemphigus, by targeting abnormal immune responses. The drug's efficacy is being explored for other serious dermatological disorders, but its indications are still being defined.
A UK study finds that modern employment practices can damage employees' well-being, particularly among administrative staff. Women's family relationships are more adversely affected by these pressures, which also lead to anxiety about childcare arrangements. ICT surveillance is a new source of stress in the workplace.
A new study published by Mayo Clinic researchers found that Herceptin helps women with HER2+ type of breast cancer independent of whether they have extra copies of chromosome 17. The analysis showed significant benefits for patients with polysomy 17, including a disease-free survival rate of 89% after three years of treatment.
A study by Group Health Research Institute found that children of mothers with a history of abuse have higher health care needs, including increased costs for mental health services. The research highlights the importance of screening women for intimate partner violence and providing interventions to minimize its effects on families.
A review of research indicates that psychosocial treatments like habit-reversal training and exposure and response prevention can effectively reduce tics in people with chronic tic disorders. These behavioral methods meet evidence-based standards as successful alternatives to medication.
A new international study will determine whether American eel population decline is caused by chemical pollution in Lake Ontario. The research aims to identify the impact of toxic chemicals on eel populations, habitats, and human consumers.
Research shows preemies' reduced lung function persists beyond infancy, contributing to increased risk of respiratory illnesses. Maternal tobacco smoking also linked to lower lung function in both full-term and preterm infants.
Researchers at Yale University discovered how molecular muscles assemble a 'contractile ring' to divide cells, using a 'search, capture, pull and release' mechanism. The mechanism involves protein clusters on the inside of the cell membrane that grow and connect, forming a condensed ring.
Researchers discovered a new regulatory element in the CFTR gene that controls its expression in the gastrointestinal tract. The study identified three key regulatory factors that modify chromatin structure, leading to altered CFTR expression.
A recent study suggests that sugar-based markers on human sperm cells could provide insights into how some cancers evade the immune system. These markers, found on N-glycans and recognized by all human immune systems, may be universally used by cancer cells to avoid destruction.
A team of international researchers has observed the formation of metallic puddles in vanadium dioxide, leading to a better understanding of the Mott transition and its potential applications. The study uses near-field scanning optical microscopy to reveal new insights into superconductors and materials development.
A study reveals that fish farms are causing a severe decline in wild salmon populations by infecting them with sea lice, which can lead to a 99% collapse of the population within four years. This has serious implications for the entire ecosystem, as salmon play a crucial role in supporting various industries and wildlife.
Researchers have shed new light on the role of RNA polymerase II in gene expression, revealing a complex mechanism that allows for efficient use of existing genes. The study found that phosphorylation of serine 7 at the carboxyterminal domain is essential for processing and maturation of specific gene products.
A definitive study of 15 randomized trials found that high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation had no overall survival benefit for women with node-positive breast cancer. However, there was a slight benefit in relapse-free survival.
Researchers found 26 losses of long-established genes in the human lineage, including 16 previously unknown cases. The study identified a gene for acyltransferase-3 that was lost in humans but still functional in chimpanzees and possibly gorillas.
A team of researchers at Duke University has successfully transferred encoded information from a laser beam to sound waves and back again, opening the door for ultra-fast optical communications networks. The new method uses stimulated Brillouin scattering to create acoustic vibrations that can retain data for brief intervals.
The sequencing of Physcomitrella patens genome provides a window into the evolution of green plants, revealing key traits like desiccation tolerance. The discovery may help improve crop growth in arid conditions and advance bioenergy research.
Researchers discovered a genetic switch that regulates critical properties of cancer stem cells using microRNAs. Activating this switch, let-7, can push cancer stem cells to differentiate and lose their tumorigenic abilities, offering a novel approach to targeting these cells with therapeutic RNAs.
A Canadian study found that one-third of veterans who were deployed more than once experienced probable clinical depression, while 30% of those deployed only once were affected. The research also revealed that younger, single soldiers and those with multiple deployments were more likely to have PTSD and severe symptoms.
Scientists at University of Cambridge identified a signalling molecule governing plant circadian clock response to environmental changes. This discovery alters the current understanding of the circadian clock and may have significant implications for agriculture.
University of Pennsylvania researchers have uncovered the key step in how herpes simplex virus, HSV-1, invades healthy cells using cooperating proteins on its outer coat. The study used biomolecular complementation with a fluorescent protein called Venus to demonstrate the effectiveness of monitoring protein interactions.