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Science News Archive 2019 - Page 112


Page 112 of 486

UMD discovers new mechanism in the liver that helps prevent invasive fungal infections

Researchers at UMD have identified a new pathway by which liver macrophages capture fungi in the bloodstream, preventing their spread and potentially treating various types of fungal infections. This discovery has significant implications for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, which kill 1.5 million people worldwide each year.

SourceUniversity of Maryland·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 8, 2019

Exploring mysteries of the universe

A team led by Prof Swati Singh is exploring the use of quantum systems to study astrophysical phenomena. They are developing smaller detectors that can be used to detect weak forces exerted by dark matter and gravitational waves, which could provide new insights into these mysteries.

The deeper these octopuses live, the wartier their skin

Researchers discovered that warty and smooth-skinned octopuses from different depths are the same species. The deeper they live, the bumpier their skin and smaller their bodies. Genetic analysis confirmed these findings, indicating that environmental factors, such as food availability, influence the animals' appearance.

SourceField Museum·JournalBulletin of Marine Science·DateOct 8, 2019

Mapping normal breast development to better understand cancer

Researchers used state-of-the-art technology to profile each cell during normal breast development, creating a molecular map to understand how breast tissues are formed and maintained. The team found that cells were already poised to become either basal or luminal cells before birth, with abnormal alterations leading to tumor development.

SourceSalk Institute·JournalCell Reports·DateOct 8, 2019

Weight stigma affects gay men on dating apps

A University of Waterloo study found that Grindr's anonymous nature and lack of size inclusivity contribute to weight stigma among gay men, leading to body dissatisfaction and sexual objectification. Protective factors like positive self-esteem and social support can mitigate these effects.

SourceUniversity of Waterloo·JournalBody Image·DateOct 8, 2019

Scientists discover new antibiotic in tropical forest

Researchers have discovered a new antibiotic, phazolicin, produced by a soil bacterium from a Mexican tropical forest that can prevent harmful bacteria from growing in plant roots. The findings suggest the potential for using this bacterium as a 'plant probiotic' to improve crop health and resistance to disease.

SourceRutgers University·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 8, 2019

Fun run

A University of California - Santa Barbara mechanical engineer's simple running hack uses a light resistance band to increase efficiency by approximately 6.4%. The device optimizes the work needed to swing legs, reducing energy required during each impact with the ground and allowing for shorter strides.

SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalJournal of Experimental Biology·DateOct 8, 2019

Badger behavior inside the cull zone

A study by ZSL and Imperial College London found that badgers covered 61% more land each month after a population was culled. Surviving badgers visited 45% more fields and increased the odds of visiting neighboring territories, potentially increasing TB transmission risk to both cattle and other badgers.

SourceZoological Society of London·JournalJournal of Applied Ecology·DateOct 8, 2019

Using machine learning to understand climate change

Researchers have developed a machine learning model to predict global ocean methane emissions, providing a more accurate understanding of the atmosphere's methane cycle. The study reveals that very shallow coastal waters contribute around 50% of total ocean methane emissions, despite making up only 5% of the ocean area.

SourceUniversity of Rochester·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 8, 2019

Using plasma to find Alzheimer's

Tymora Analytical Operations is developing a plasma-based approach for early detection of Alzheimer's disease. The company aims to analyze exosome proteins and phosphoproteins in plasma samples to identify biomarkers linked to the disease.

Four Loko continues to wreak havoc among young drinkers

New studies from George Mason University found that young drinkers underestimates alcohol content in Four Loko, even with new labels, and experienced dangerous effects such as blacking out or vomiting. The studies suggest that limiting the alcohol content of these beverages could help reduce their harmful effects on young people.

SourceGeorge Mason University·JournalThe American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse·DateOct 8, 2019

Thin to win

University of Utah engineers create a new type of optical lens that is thinner and lighter than conventional lenses, working with night imaging and enabling longer-flying drones and military applications. The lens is made of plastic instead of glass, reducing manufacturing costs.

SourceUniversity of Utah·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 8, 2019

Research identifies factors influencing how religious identity interacts with workplace

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University identified three key factors influencing the interaction between employees' religious identity and workplace: personal preferences, opportunities for expression, and individual worker characteristics. The study recommends ways management can promote inclusivity and reduce conflict by creating a...

SourceCarnegie Mellon University·JournalHuman Resource Management·DateOct 8, 2019