CRISPR-BEST addresses the challenge of genetic instability caused by double-stranded breaks in genome editing. The new tool creates mutations in actinomycetes without DNA breakage, enabling efficient targeting of genes for bioactive compound production.
The University of New Mexico-led project, Cognitive Autonomy for Human CPS: Turning Novices into Experts, seeks to develop a framework for improving autonomous technology's adaptability to real-life human behavior. The team will investigate ways to anticipate and mitigate common human-automation interaction problems.
Children with autism spectrum disorders have a 41.1% higher risk of developing obesity compared to matched groups, with 22 out of 100 affected. Additionally, certain subgroups, such as non-Caucasian race and female children, are disproportionately affected by excess weight gain.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery found that an increased risk of pulmonary embolism persists for several years after six types of surgery among cancer-free middle-age adults. The research analyzed data from a French national inpatient database and followed 60,000 participants to determine the duration of this increased risk.
Transplant patients who received high-risk donor lungs through ex vivo lung perfusion showed improved long-term outcomes, including reduced mortality and morbidity rates. The study suggests that this technique may be a viable alternative for high-risk patients, providing access to more organs.
A new study analyzed US physician visits for knee osteoarthritis from 2007 to 2015 and found that rates of physical therapy and lifestyle recommendations decreased, while narcotic prescriptions increased. The study highlights the need for more research on barriers to prescribing exercise-based interventions to improve patient care.
Researchers at U.S. Army Research Laboratory have made significant breakthroughs in developing artificial nanomotors inspired by biological molecules, which can harness Brownian motion for efficient energy production. These advancements aim to create faster, more versatile robots with improved autonomy and stealth capabilities.
A $2.7 million NCI grant will fund research on warning labels for little cigars and cigarillos, which have higher use rates due to smaller pack sizes and lower taxes compared to cigarettes.
Researchers have developed engineered viruses to target specific strains of bacteria, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. The new approach could provide a targeted alternative to traditional antibiotics.
Researchers deciphered the molecular architecture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis nanomachines, shedding light on their role in fighting immune defense and bacterial survival. The findings provide a crucial basis for developing novel antibiotics targeting these systems.
A new model developed by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania has been created to personalize which cancer mutations are best targets for immunotherapy. The algorithm analyzes protein sequences from individual patient samples and evaluates their similarity to healthy cells, predicting a better immune response.
Researchers at IBM and Polytechnique Montreal have developed a novel method to solve the dispersion problem in portable diagnostic systems. By stretching a water drop into a long ribbon-like shape, they can reduce the flow rate of the liquid locally, allowing for precise biochemical measurements with minimal user intervention.
Researchers found that antiretroviral therapy alters the host environment to form most of the long-lived HIV reservoir. The study's findings suggest that treatment may contribute to the formation or stabilization of the latent viral reservoir.
A new federal grant will provide Kent State graduate students with invaluable opportunities to study primates and human evolution at Kyoto University in Japan. The International Research Experience for Students (IRES) grant, awarded by the National Science Foundation, will allow six students to travel to Japan each summer for three years.
A German-British team used computer simulations to demonstrate how the merger of two stars creates strong magnetic fields. This process could result in the formation of magnetars, which are thought to have the strongest magnetic fields in the universe.
Researchers discovered a genetic mechanism that promotes cocaine craving during prolonged abstinence, increasing the likelihood of relapse. The study found that gene expression changes in response to chromatin remodeler INO80 and E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM3, facilitating drug-craving behavior.
Firearm injuries were more likely to require ICU admission and have higher severity, longer hospital stays compared to cut/pierce injuries in children under 18. Bullets inflict greater force than other weapons causing cuts or pierces.
A significant association between changes in income and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was found in this observational study. Participants who experienced a 50% or more decrease in income were at higher risk of developing CVD, including heart attack, coronary heart disease, and stroke, over an average follow-up period of 17 years.
A randomized controlled trial found that young adults with unhealthy diets showed significant improvements in mood and reduced symptoms of depression after eating a healthy diet for three weeks. The study provides preliminary evidence that small, simple diet adjustments can improve depression symptoms.
Aric Rogers' research on cellular and molecular mechanisms governing aging aims to develop new therapies for sarcopenia and age-related diseases. The grant will support further research on the genetic pathways that regulate dietary restriction, which has shown to extend healthy lifespan in various organisms.
A new study of 96 studies found that behavioral-oriented nudges, particularly size enhancements, can improve eating habits six times more effectively than previously thought. Reducing portion sizes of unhealthy foods appears to be the best way to achieve this.
A new study led by Columbia University researchers found that people who smoke just a few cigarettes a day can still experience long-term lung damage. The study also showed that the rate of decline in lung function among light smokers is closer to that of heavy smokers than previously thought.
A study by Florida Atlantic University researchers found that the quality of child-directed speech depends on the language proficiency of the speaker. Children who hear a rich vocabulary acquire a rich vocabulary, while those with limited exposure develop simpler language skills.
A new study reveals that youth who experience intrusive police stops are at risk of heightened emotional distress, social stigma, and post-traumatic stress. The research found that frequent stops were associated with increased emotional trauma and negative reactions.
Researchers at CNIO and the University of Würzburg have solved the 3D structure of the T7SS nanomachine used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to evade the immune system. This finding provides crucial information for developing new therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis, a disease that kills over 1.6 million people worldwide each year.
The study found that clawbacks occur frequently in the market for topical prescription drugs, resulting in significant financial losses for patients. Insurers pay less than the patient's copayment, leading to overpayments of up to $1000 per year.
A University of Liverpool study found that popular UK restaurant chain dishes contain high levels of calories, with an average of 488 kcal for starters, 397.5 kcal for sides, and 430.6 kcal for desserts. The study calls for mandatory labelling and reduced calorie content to address obesity concerns.
Researchers developed a new process to create atomic resolution chemical maps for high-entropy alloys, revealing patterns that could help design alloys with superior mechanical properties. The approach enabled the discovery of unconventional atomic structures and their potential impact on alloy behavior.
A study of 3000 egg cells reveals that chromosome errors, which increase with age, can lead to infertility and chromosomal syndromes. As women age, the eggs' maturity and fertility decline, with younger girls experiencing more errors during maturation.
Researchers restored normal working memory to a mouse model of schizophrenia, eliminating a core symptom that has proven virtually impossible to treat. The findings, published in Neuron, hold immense promise for treating over 21 million people diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Researchers used fruit flies to study the genetic mechanisms behind ADHD and identified areas of the genome that influence response to treatment. This discovery has significant implications for the development of personalized medicine, enabling tailored treatments based on individual genetic profiles.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the role of bioelectricity in cancer. An ultra-sensitive tool has been developed to detect cancer, while a new therapeutic target has been identified to enhance cancer immunotherapy. This discovery offers a promising avenue for non-toxic treatment options.
The occurrence of antibiotic resistance in disease-causing bacteria from animals to humans has nearly tripled since 2000. Researchers found that antibiotics showing rates of resistance above 50% increased in chickens and pigs in developing countries between 2000 and 2018.
The University of Maryland Prevention Research Center is receiving funding from the CDC to focus on LGBTQ+ mental health and healthcare. The center aims to increase the availability of affirming and supportive mental health care for the community, addressing stigma, discrimination, and violence.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatric Society found that melatonin treatment did not reduce the risk of developing delirium following heart surgery. The study included 210 adults and showed a similar proportion of participants experienced severe episodes of delirium in both the melatonin and placebo groups.
A study published in PLOS ONE finds a strong correlation between the decline of the youth population and international homicide trends. As people ages 15-29 make up 21% of the global population, their shrinking numbers correlate with a decrease in homicides worldwide.
Researchers have developed a fluorescent probe that can image electrical activity in multiple neurons simultaneously, enabling the visualization of brain circuits and their relation to behavior. This technique uses a voltage-sensing molecule to record electrical activity on a millisecond timescale, providing more informative measuremen...
A new study published in Nature found that a single genetic mutation in the SF3B1 gene is associated with an increased risk of developing various types of cancer. The researchers discovered that this mutation leads to the production of abnormal RNA molecules, including noncoding DNA sequences that disrupt the genetic message.
US overdose deaths attributed to synthetic opioids like fentanyl have surged, with purchases often made on the darknet. Fentanyl prices plummeted by 50% between 2014 and 2016, making it nearly twice as deadly as heroin.
A new study by Silent Spring Institute found that people who eat more meals at home have lower levels of PFAS in their bodies. Consuming fast food and eating out frequently are associated with higher exposures to these chemicals.
A recent study published in Open Archaeology reveals that Tholos A at Apesokari, a Bronze Age circular tomb on Crete, was deliberately placed to control parcels of land and increase visibility from a specific path. The article's use of GIS analysis sheds new light on the role of burial sites and mortuary practices in Prepalatial Crete.
Researchers developed a microfluidic device to keep brain tissue viable for months using a semi-permeable membrane, allowing gas exchange while preventing dehydration or drowning. This breakthrough enables long-term study of biological development and organogenesis, facilitating drug discovery and tissue research.
Researchers studied whether mother-calf pairs change their vocalizations to evade predators. The study found that mothers produce a soft, short grunt-like sound to stay in touch with their calves without alerting potential threats. This acoustic communication helps reduce the risk of predation for young calves.
A study published in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that statin use for as little as 91 days increased the risk of skin and soft tissue infections. Statin use was also associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes, which is a significant risk factor for these infections.
A unique study on Gammaracanthus lacustris reveals the amphipod's life cycle and trophic position in deep lakes. The species is a carnivore, feeding on zooplankton and other crustaceans, but its high trophic position makes it a valuable prey for many fish and seals.
The Technical University of Munich (TUM) is launching TUM.Additive, a comprehensive research focus on additive manufacturing. The initiative aims to establish Bavaria as a leading economic region for digital manufacturing technologies, promoting sustainable industrial use and creating new products with complex geometries. The strategy ...
Researchers documented the movement of a big brown bat colony's relocation in response to naturally occurring tree loss. The study suggests general patterns may exist across bat species and forest types for how bats respond to roost tree loss.
Blood vessels play a significant role in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, with highly permeable vessels found in patients. The researchers identified interferon-γ as the cause of this malfunction and discovered that inhibiting vessel permeability slows down disease progression.
A study in male rat offspring found that small amounts of alcohol consumed by pregnant mothers can lead to insulin-resistance and an increased likelihood of developing diabetes. The researchers suggest that the lack of oestrogen protection in males may contribute to this sex-specific effect.
A study of over 13,000 cancer-free men found statin use was associated with a lower risk of developing prostate cancer. The association was strongest for aggressive tumors and only observed at high doses or long durations.
Researchers propose a novel method to search for dark matter by harnessing the power of plasmas and magnetic fields. This approach, known as axion plasma haloscopes, enables the detection of dark matter in previously unexplored areas. By tuning into specific frequencies, scientists may uncover evidence of this elusive substance.
Research uses single-particle microscopy to study electroluminescence process on individual nanocrystals. The study finds that only a small number of nanocrystals actively emit light, leading to low efficiency, and intense fluctuations in electroluminescence intensity
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed a new strategy for synthesizing complex natural products, including Epicoccin G and Rostratin A, using C-H bond activation. The approach results in high yields and reduces the number of steps compared to previous methods, opening up new avenues for medicinal applications.
A study by Northwestern University found that sleep-deprived individuals are more likely to choose high-energy dense foods due to an imbalance in brain regions receiving food signals. The researchers suggest that paying attention to our nose's influence on food choices may help alleviate unhealthy snacking habits.
Scientists are developing new electrically active materials to repair damaged heart tissue. These materials can conduct electricity, stimulate heart muscle growth, and potentially overcome scar tissue that interferes with healthy heart function.
A new study in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology shows that older individuals have the most to gain from rehabilitation programs and may benefit the most. Regular exercise improves physical capacity, anxiety, and depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, regardless of age.
The NYDOH AIDS Institute awarded a 5-year, $1 million grant to the Health Education Alternatives for Teens Program (HEAT) at SUNY Downstate to provide essential health services for transgender and gender non-conforming youth. The grant will nearly triple the program's capacity to serve over 100 patients annually.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have shown that Aliskiren, a FDA-approved drug, can delay the progression of congestive heart failure and lengthen survival rates in properly identified patients. The study used non-invasive technology to evaluate changes in muscle mass and fluid retention over time.
Research shows exposure to air pollutants like particulate matter is linked to decreased levels of proteins responsible for hair growth and retention. The study found that higher concentrations of PM10-like dust and diesel particulate led to greater decreases in these proteins.
A new analysis published in Annals of Oncology suggests that hormone therapy has a greater impact on women's quality of life compared to chemotherapy, especially in postmenopausal patients. This finding challenges current international guidelines recommending prolonged hormone therapy for 5-10 years.