A new study published in eLife suggests that Lipocalin-2, a hormone produced by bone cells, could be used to treat people with obesity. The hormone has been shown to suppress food intake and increase feelings of fullness in mice and non-human primates.
Scientists have created a new platform to rapidly create and characterize blends of materials, significantly accelerating material development. The platform uses electrospray deposition and x-ray scattering to explore complex compositional dependencies in a matter of days, reducing the time from months or weeks.
Research team discovers endophytes can break apart phosphorus complexes, making it accessible to plants. This natural approach reduces environmental harm from chemical fertilizers and promotes more sustainable food production.
Researchers found that pre-treating early outgrowth cells with a chemical activator slows the development of atherosclerosis in mice. The study showed that this treatment reduced inflammation and plaque buildup in arteries, providing potential hope for treating cardiovascular diseases.
A new paper calls for psychiatrists to adopt skills and a mindset shift to help eliminate defects in healthcare organizations. The authors propose that psychiatrists become 'systems engineers' to identify and address systemic issues contributing to suboptimal care.
Researchers are exploring unique biomarkers in normal breast tissue of Black women to improve treatment options for aggressive breast cancer. DNA analysis revealed a genetic mutation called duffy, which may contribute to higher breast cancer rates and aggressiveness in Black women.
A new material called ZIOS has been designed to capture copper ions from wastewater with unprecedented precision and speed. The material selectively removes copper, a contaminant linked to disease and organ failure, without removing desirable ions or nutrients.
Researchers established an explicit scaling form for the free energy density, including a Gaussian fixed point and multiplicative logarithmic corrections. Monte Carlo simulations supported the conjectured scaling forms for various macroscopic quantities.
The European Society of Cardiology report highlights alarming trends in cardiovascular disease, including rising obesity and diabetes rates, to emphasize the need for urgent action. The report also shows that middle-income countries are struggling to meet World Health Organization targets for heart disease prevention.
A recent study found that Black and Hispanic adolescents are more likely to die from police-related shootings compared to non-Hispanic white adolescents. The study highlights the need for interventions and policies to mitigate racial disparities in policing.
Blind soccer players use larger downward head rotations when trapping a ball, outperforming sighted non-athletes. The study may lead to improved smart-assistant devices that utilize similar techniques.
A four-year project aims to assess the breakdown of biodegradable plastics in open environments, exploring their impact on species and ecosystems. The study will also examine the effects of chemicals added to plastics on organisms and wider ecosystems.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that domperidone, an anti-nausea medication, can significantly reduce how much volunteers look away from disgusting images. The study suggests that stabilizing the stomach's electrical signals may be a key cause of disgust avoidance.
Researchers used computer simulations to study the interaction between plasma jets and biological tissue. They found that biomaterial-like surfaces can lead to multiple reflections of the plasma jet, increasing the number of electrons and radicals, which play a role in wound healing, antimicrobial drugs, and cancer therapy.
A new AI algorithm, DeepCOVID-XR, has been developed to detect COVID-19 on chest X-ray images. It outperformed thoracic radiologists in accuracy and speed, analyzing images 10 times faster and with a 1-6% higher accuracy rate.
Despite a decline in workers on furlough, 21% of people with disabilities remain on furlough, affecting their job prospects. The impact of the pandemic has been worse for people without disabilities, who are still below pre-Great Recession labor force participation rates.
A Penn Medicine study reveals that marginalized groups prioritize professionalism and face challenges in academic medicine due to biases. The research highlights the need for institutions to reevaluate professionalism standards to create a more inclusive culture.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a method to measure polymer breakdown using a fluorescent molecule, enabling the estimation of resistance to mechanical stress. This breakthrough allows for the evaluation of polymer performance and specificity, paving the way for improved material design.
The Digital Atlas of Micronesia provides comprehensive geospatial data for Yap, Chuuk Lagoon, Pohnpei, and Kosrae. The interactive atlas features nearly 500 pre-designed maps and over 400 layers, making it a valuable resource for sustainable development, research, and education.
The study has achieved encouraging participation rates with 556 participants agreeing to share their data. Preliminary findings indicate that most enrolled individuals experienced mild symptoms, with common comorbidities including smoking, asthma, and obesity.
Researchers have developed a targeted therapy approach against virus-infected cells, delivering immune-activating drugs selectively into infected cells. This technology shows promise in treating influenza, COVID-19, HIV, and other enveloped viruses.
Researchers developed an all-optical attosecond few slit interferometer to measure ultrafast processes in the time-energy domain. The technique uses laser-driven high order harmonics and introduces a perturbing field to alter harmonic generation, enabling wave-front controlled attosecond interferometry with precise energy resolution.
Researchers developed an AI algorithm called CAMEO that discovered a new compound by operating in a closed loop, maximizing productivity and efficiency. The AI is designed to contain knowledge of key principles, including past simulations and lab experiments, to identify the best material for specific applications.
A study published in PNAS found that stronger initial memories are easier to update with new information, allowing for better comprehension and adaptation. Older adults showed poorer memory performance but more confidence in their recall, possibly due to relying on general, generic responses rather than specific situational features.
Researchers found that high concentrations of fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers in size can modulate the waves of SARS-CoV-2 contamination and explain the profile of the COVID-19 pandemic. Acute exposure to these particles aggravates respiratory, pulmonary, and cardiovascular issues, promoting severe disease progression.
The PPPL has been awarded $3 million from ARPA-E and $1 million from the DOE Office of Science to develop permanent magnets for stellarators. This project aims to simplify the complex design of twisty plasma fusion devices, which could become an attractive candidate for a fusion pilot plant.
Scientists at POSTECH have created a multimodal ion-electronic skin that can measure both temperature and mechanical stimulation simultaneously. This breakthrough could lead to the development of wearable temperature sensors and artificial skin for humanlike robots, potentially restoring the sense of touch in patients with tactile sens...
A new investigational study aims to improve community perceptions, access, and use of COVID-19 testing resources by providing at-home tests and digital educational tools. The research seeks to address disparities in COVID-19 testing patterns among underserved populations, with a focus on increasing education and access.
Scientists have developed a new imaging agent using copper isotopes that can effectively detect amyloid-beta protein deposits in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. The copper-based compounds outlast traditional diagnostic agents, making it possible for clinics with PET scanners to diagnose the condition more easily.
The USPSTF recommends offering behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity among adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Adults who adhere to national guidelines have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and death compared to those who do not.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign found that gut hormones FGF15/19 turn off fat-producing genes in the liver. The study suggests a new target for therapeutic treatment options to address obesity-related metabolic disorders.
A team of researchers analyzed 648 DFT1 tumors collected between 2003 and 2018, revealing that early on in the spread of the tumor, five clades emerged, with two dying out while three continued to spread. The study highlights the importance of geography in influencing the movements of devils and their disease.
Researchers found that consuming cocoa flavanols improved brain oxygenation and cognitive performance in healthy adults, with the greatest benefits seen in complex tasks. The study's findings suggest that flavanols may have a positive impact on cognitive function, particularly during challenging cognitive tasks.
A Penn State researcher will study whether vitamin D supplementation can help people ward off or reduce symptoms caused by COVID-19. The research aims to determine the effects of vitamin D on SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation in the lung and gastrointestinal tract.
Researchers applied CRISPRi technology to understand metabolic robustness in E. coli, revealing mechanisms that buffer enzyme knockdowns. The study identified specific buffering mechanisms across multiple metabolic pathways, paving the way for developing industrially useful microbes with controlled metabolism.
A new study suggests that female reproductive steroids play a protective role against COVID-19 symptoms, providing anti-inflammatory functions and stimulating antibody production. The research also highlights the importance of nutrition in boosting the immune system, particularly through phytoestrogen-rich foods.
A major new study found that men with two copies of the faulty haemochromatosis genes are 10 times more likely to develop liver cancer by age 75 compared to the general population. Researchers call for routine early testing for the iron overload condition.
Research by the University of Illinois Chicago found that older children derive more happiness from experiences than possessions. To enhance memories and social value, families can take pictures or videos during events.
New research reveals that social distancing rules may be futile once indoors due to the dynamic behavior of droplets. The study suggests masks and air quality play a crucial role in disease transmission, with some droplets surviving longer than previously believed.
African American cancer survivors in Detroit reported common social needs, including food insecurity and housing instability, which were associated with lower health-related quality of life. The study highlights the need for a social safety net to address these disparities.
The study uses data-driven techniques and machine-learning architectures to improve the accuracy and efficiency of modeling processes. The researchers found that convolutional neural networks (CNN) and physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have potential in optimizing modeling processes for specific aspects of the solution process.
A recent study reveals that the Milky Way galaxy is being warped and twisted by the gravitational force of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a smaller galaxy that crossed its boundary 700 million years ago. The effects are still being witnessed today and should force a revision of how our galaxy evolved.
A novel targeted therapy, POMHEX, has been developed to block metabolic pathways in brain cancer cells with specific genetic defects. The study found that the small-molecule enolase inhibitor effectively killed brain cancer cells missing ENO1, and showed promise in animal models of this type of cancer.
The Argonne team developed a high-performance, iterative reconstruction system for noninvasive imaging at synchrotron facilities. Their novel optimizations enabled reconstruction of large 3D volumes in under 3 minutes using 24,576 GPUs.
Research on ice sheet weathering reveals that meltwaters from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets contain higher concentrations of key trace elements than typical rivers. This suggests long water residence times or increased weathering of minerals underlying the ice sheets, potentially affecting local marine environments.
Scientists have developed a novel approach to reprogram T cells into long-lived, highly active 'super immune cells' that can fight multiple types of cancer. This breakthrough could lead to more effective and durable anti-cancer responses with existing treatments.
The new 'green Med' diet contains more plant-based foods, green tea, and Mankai (duckweed) than the traditional version. After six months, those on the green Med diet lost more weight, had lower waist circumference, and improved cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.
Researchers found a significant association between COVID-19 infection and an increased risk of mortality due to blood clots. The study suggests that thromboembolism may be a critical factor in COVID-19-related deaths, particularly among hospitalized patients.
Scientists have discovered a breakthrough in understanding the enzyme responsible for producing fish odour syndrome. By stabilizing and inhibiting the CntA protein, researchers hope to develop new drugs that can target and reduce TMA formation in the gut microbiome.
Thicker electrodes with greater surface roughness improve resistance switching memory cell characteristics. The study found that such electrodes reduce forming and switching voltages, increase endurance to 50 million cycles, and enhance device performance.
Researchers have identified specific geographic areas in the US where women diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer before age 50 face higher mortality rates. The study found nearly one quarter of adults in hot spot counties reported no physical activity, and fertility may contribute to this variation.
India's metropolitan cities face a devastating diabetes crisis, with over half of men (55%) and two-thirds of women (65%) projected to develop type 2 diabetes in their lifetime. Obesity is a major factor, with obese individuals facing significantly reduced life expectancy without diabetes.
A new study by Rice University scientists has developed atomic resolution protein models that show frustration is necessary for protein function and can lead to better drug specificity. The models allow for the incorporation of co-factors like drug molecules, providing insight into why ligands bind best with specific proteins.
Researchers at Goethe University demonstrated that the protease inhibitor aprotinin can inhibit SARS-CoV2 replication by preventing viral entry into host cells. Aprotinin also compensates for reduced endogenous protease inhibitors in virus-infected cells.
Researchers found that subglacial lakes and rivers release significant amounts of trace elements, exceeding oceanic and riverine concentrations. These findings suggest that ice sheets play a key role in regional nutrient mobilization, with implications for climate change and the global carbon cycle.
The University of Arizona is among lead institutions in a $100 million consortium to study flight at five times the speed of sound. Over 60 member universities will work with government agencies and industry to accelerate research and technology for hypersonic flight.
Engineers have discovered how zinc oxide surfaces and natural hydrodynamic churning can kill pathogens, with applications in water disinfection and airborne virus control. The technique uses reactive oxygen species to damage bacterial cell walls, making it effective against both surface and waterborne pathogens.
Researchers at USF Health developed a 3D-printed nasal swab that performed as well as traditional flocked swabs, collecting viral cells and holding them for up to three days. The team printed over 100k samples in the first clinical trial.
Researchers at CCNY have overcome barriers for bio-inspired solar energy harvesting materials by using small cross-linking molecules to stabilize supra-molecular assemblies. This breakthrough could transform sustainable solar energy technologies and improve their efficiency.
People with diabetes and eye disease are at a higher risk of requiring intubation when hospitalized with COVID-19. Diabetic retinopathy was associated with a five-fold increased risk for intubation in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19.