Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center discovered hydroxychloroquine inhibits a type of white blood cell important in the first line of defense. This suggests hydroxychloroquine may have no beneficial effect on clearing viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.
A study led by Washington State University found that nurse practitioners significantly increased access to buprenorphine prescriptions in rural Oregon after gaining prescribing authority. In frontier regions, they accounted for nearly a third of all buprenorphine prescriptions dispensed.
A team from Oklahoma State University developed techniques to model environmental hazards for autonomous aircraft, while another group at the University of Surrey investigated building wakes to enhance air quality. Researchers also found an unbalanced exchange flow in natural ventilation systems, which can slow down cooling.
A recent study of over 11,000 hospital patients in Spain found that high blood sugar levels were associated with a higher chance of death from COVID-19. Patients with abnormally high glucose levels were more than twice as likely to die from the virus compared to those with normal readings.
A Rutgers University study examines how high-income countries regulate health care costs using a fee-for-service model, finding that structuring negotiations and setting standardized prices can lower US healthcare spending. The study highlights the need for policymakers to address healthcare prices, not just volume of services.
Women who experienced at least one adverse childhood experience, such as domestic violence or physical abuse, were more likely to engage in at-risk drinking and illicit drug use. The study highlights the importance of trauma-informed care for urban ER patients, particularly women from low-socioeconomic backgrounds.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that vegans had a 43% higher risk of total fractures compared to meat-eaters, with higher risks of hip, leg, and vertebrae fractures. Vegetarians also had a higher risk of hip fractures.
Researchers studied how icebergs melt and found that their shape affects the rate of melting, with sides facing currents melting faster than parallel sides. This discovery could provide new indicators of climate change by analyzing iceberg shapes.
KAUST researchers developed a holistic approach using design of experiments and machine learning to identify the greenest method for producing a popular metal organic framework material called ZIF-8. This process reduced waste and energy consumption by optimizing multiple variables simultaneously.
Researchers found tau accumulation years before dementia symptoms appear in people with Down's syndrome, suggesting an early change. The study suggests potential for early prophylactic measures against tau accumulation to prevent Alzheimer pathology in childhood.
Scientists create technique to remotely manipulate heat sources and associated fluid flows using laser light. This enables new functionalities in optofluidics, such as selective delivery of nano-objects and analytes. The method also demonstrates programmable control over optical propulsion forces and fluid streams.
Researchers studied aerodynamics of infectious disease and found strategies for lowering risk based on understanding how particles mix with air in confined spaces. They proposed a pandemic-sensitive seating model, guidelines for airflow and aerosol emission control, and an app to gauge transmission risk in various settings.
A UK-wide study found mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality by 37% for women screened at least once. The benefit persists for 3-4 years in younger women, making the program highly relevant across all age groups.
The London International Development Centre Director has led a successful funding bid for a project to filter out pollution in the Nairobi River. The river is ranked among the top ten global waterways in terms of pharmaceutical contamination, posing significant environmental and health hazards.
A recent study by University of California - Riverside researchers found that up to one-quarter of child sexual abuse survivors might be overlooked for treatment due to existing screening procedures. The study also discovered that whether survivors identify themselves as child abuse survivors influences their young adult outcomes, with...
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed a new method for recovering heavy oil, achieving 55% recovery compared to 35-33% with alkaline water or regular water. The method uses a viscoelastic material to improve sweep efficiency.
Scientists have found that surface diffusion of proteins is more effective at providing proteins to distal dendritic sites, reducing the need for protein production. By optimizing dendritic radii, neurons can reduce their protein synthesis cost by several orders of magnitude.
The team created a scalable and high-throughput method to produce ordered porous titania films with through-hole membranes. The process involves applying heat to crystallize the film and selectively dissolving the amorphous portion to free the membrane.
Researchers developed interventions to increase psychological ownership, making users feel more responsible for public resources. Kayakers who gave a nickname to a lake felt more ownership and were more likely to pick up trash. Participants who saw 'YOUR park' signs also showed increased donations and willingness to volunteer.
Engineers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a method for reclaiming polymers in multilayer plastics using solvents. The STRAP process uses thermodynamic calculations to separate polymers and has the potential to close the recycling loop.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infects fat cells and alters the quantity of signaling molecules released into the bloodstream. Adipocytes release more exosomes containing inflammatory factors, which may contribute to damage in organs such as the heart, lungs, and nervous system.
The Lehigh University's Plasma Control Group has been awarded a $1.5 million DOE grant to investigate the spherical tokamak concept and design more efficient fusion reactors. The team will focus on understanding plasma dynamics and developing advanced control systems to regulate plasmas in closed loops.
A comprehensive expedition reveals decades of glacier mass changes, accelerating ice loss and meltwater predictions. Climate change also increases oxygen availability on the mountain, posing a new challenge for human climbers.
Researchers at University of Virginia Health System identified gene TRIM37 responsible for triple-negative breast cancer metastasis and developed potential treatment approach using nanoparticles. The approach shows promising results in lab mice, offering a new way to target a driver of metastasis and potentially improve overall survival.
A new study from City University London suggests that glaucoma eye tests can be accurately performed at home using a tablet-based device called Eyecatcher. The study found high accuracy rates (98%) and adherence, with potential to detect rapidly progressing cases of glaucoma earlier.
A study from Indiana University School of Nursing and IU Center for Aging Research at Regenstrief Institute found that nursing home residents with POLST forms had a concordance rate of 59% compared to 35% without POLST forms, indicating better matching of care preferences
Researchers at Osaka City University have found a way to fine-tune quantum resonance in layered structures of quantum dots, leading to improved charge transport and potential applications in solar cells. The breakthrough involves controlling the distance between quantum dot layers using short ligands and polyelectrolytes.
Researchers develop a method to create complex, low-symmetry structures by assembling organic monomers into cyclic macromolecules. These 'foldamers' mimic the properties of biopolymers and offer an ideal model system to study protein folding and interactions.
Researchers discovered that Wnt signalling enables steady cancer growth by balancing RAS-MAPK signalling. Inhibiting Wnt signalling can cause premature ageing and cellular senescence, leading to cancer cell death.
A new University of Warwick-led study found that obese patients over 60 years old can lose an equivalent amount of weight as younger people through lifestyle changes alone. The research aims to correct misconceptions about the effectiveness of weight loss in older people and promote healthy ageing.
A curved blade is proposed for a laser scalpel to expand its medical applications, being two times thinner than the current cylindrical option. The concept utilizes a photonic 'hook' formed by an amplitude or phase mask at the fiber end, enabling precise tissue manipulation and reduced bleeding.
Researchers developed a new method that characterizes biological pattern-forming systems using mathematical analysis and geometry. This approach reveals the underlying physical principles governing self-organizing molecular patterns in cells.
A new study models trade-offs in COVID-19 testing, suggesting that rapid turnaround times and frequent testing have high epidemiological value for effective surveillance. The study found that delays in diagnosing infections had a significant impact on surveillance plans, emphasizing the importance of fast results.
A new study reveals that polar climate variations can impact tropical trade winds via atmospheric and oceanic pathways. The research demonstrates that anomalous cooling in either hemisphere leads to a strengthening of the tropical trade winds.
Jefferson Lab has shipped the final new section of accelerator, called a cryomodule, for an upgrade of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The upgraded machine will accelerate electrons at superconducting temperatures to generate 1 million X-ray laser pulses per second.
A new £2 million project, Mobile Arts for Peace (MAP), aims to use art and digital technology to educate and empower young people in post-conflict countries. The four-year project will provide safe spaces for dialogue and shared problem-solving, while integrating mental health awareness and support.
Researchers induced KLF2 in dental pulp-derived stem cells to promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone growth. The study aims to reduce the occurrence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and other bone diseases.
Researchers Alli Cramer and Stephen Katz identified two key variables: gross primary production and substrate mobility, which sort biomes by their energy flow and ocean floor movement. This new classification system sheds light on the diversity of marine environments and highlights areas where human actions may impact ecosystem function.
Scientists have discovered a 'sealing' mechanism in plant roots supported by microbes that controls nutrient intake for survival and growth. This coordination between plants and microbes is crucial for proper growth and reproduction, and could lead to the development of more resilient crops.
Researchers have discovered ultra-high piezoelectric coefficients in hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics, exceeding that of PZT by more than 3 times. The phenomenon is sensitive to strain and can be tuned to room temperature by applying a fixed strain.
Researchers have observed a one-way street for electrons in a nanomaterial, where conical intersections channel energy in a certain direction with high probability. This phenomenon has implications for the development of more efficient organic solar cell devices and potentially artificial eyes from nanostructures.
A new report outlines key considerations for using drones in conservation, including a precautionary principle, ethical rules, and minimizing wildlife disturbance. The guide provides practical case studies and drone best practices to ensure safe and responsible use of this technology.
Lance Sherry conducts research to inform FAA policy deliberations on aeromedical and emergency aircraft activity. The study aims to better understand infrastructure needs at National Plan of Integrated Airport System (NPIAS) airports.
Researchers developed a non-invasive cuff to monitor neuronal activity in babies, revealing 'extreme synchronisation' in spinal cord neurons that generate kicks. This discovery could help spot early signs of motor disorders like cerebral palsy and monitor development in babies.
Researchers at Tohoku University have successfully amplified 3D graphene's electrical properties by controlling its curvature. The study found that the motion of electrons on the 3D curvature enhances electron scattering, leading to unique electrical properties.
Researchers at FAU have developed a light-controlled molecular motor that can control catalysis reactions. The system uses visible light to trigger the release and bonding of catalysts, accelerating or decelerating desired chemical reactions.
Researchers discovered microplastics on Mount Everest, with highest concentrations near Base Camp but also found high-altitude samples below the summit. The study suggests that high-performance outdoor clothing is a major source of pollution.
A new model predicts that schools can safely remain open if community spread is low and precautions are taken, especially for children under 10. The study suggests a 40% reduction in daily social contacts in the community and 33% for teens to enable safe school reopening.
The new report projects that all world's coral reefs will experience severe bleaching annually by 2034 under the most aggressive scenarios. Coral reefs in some countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, are projected to have temporary refugia, but many will face significant exposure to annual severe bleaching conditions.
Researchers studied how convolutional neural networks respond to brightness and color visual illusions, finding that they are similarly deceived as humans. The study highlights the limitations of CNNs in mimicking human vision, revealing both similarities and differences between the two.
Researchers determined the function of IL-15L using rainbow trout, finding it stimulates type 2 immunity by inducing cytokine IL-4 and IL-13. In contrast, trout IL-15 selectively induces type 1 immunity through interferon-g expression.
Researchers studied fruit fly ovaries to understand cellular motion, discovering that tissue geometry creates a path of least resistance. The team found that cells choose central paths despite multiple side paths available, and this choice is influenced by the physical space, not just chemical signals.
A recent study has discovered a link between intestinal flora and inflammation in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis. IgA B cells play a key role in this process, accumulating in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue during acute flares of the illness.
Researchers found T cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 patients, leading to unbalanced immune response. This imbalance may cause severe pneumonia, highlighting potential new treatment targets.
A genetic mutation in the 'coat' of a brain infection-causing virus may allow it to escape neutralizing antibodies, increasing the risk of developing a fatal brain disease. Researchers have identified this mutation in the mouse equivalent of JC polyomavirus and found that it prevents monoclonal antibodies from interacting with the virus.
Researchers at UNIGE have identified sulfur molecules that can effectively block the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 viruses by cells. The team found inhibitors up to 5,000 times more effective than existing treatments, providing a promising lead for developing new antivirals.
A research team led by Susan Bergeson has developed a new medication to treat alcohol use disorder, receiving a $7.25 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to begin testing the drug. The treatment targets neuroinflammation as a major pathway in AUD.
David T. Felson, a renowned Boston University rheumatologist, has been honored with the Lee C. Howley Prize from the Arthritis Foundation for his groundbreaking research on osteoarthritis (OA). His work has led to significant advances in understanding OA risk factors, treatments, and outcome measurement.
Simon Fraser University professors Paul Tupper and Caroline Colijn found that physical distancing reduces COVID-19 transmission in all settings. Social bubbles are more effective in high-transmission settings but less so in low-transmission settings or activities with mixing.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to quantify ChIP-seq results, eliminating the need for spike-ins and ensuring reproducibility. The sans-spike-in method defines a physical scale for sequencing results, allowing comparison between experiments.