A study published in Scientific Reports discovered dental caries in prehistoric primates, indicating a high fruit diet or sugar-rich foods. The prevalence of caries fluctuated over time, suggesting changes in the primates' diet between sugary and non-sugary foods.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley have been designated as a new National Institute on Aging (NIA)-designated Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. The centers aim to promote research collaboration, encourage data sharing, and offer information and clinical trials f...
Researchers identified sex-dependent changes in gene expression in the brainstem during neonatal opioid withdrawal, which could lead to new therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome symptoms. The study found that prenatal opioid exposure compromised neurodevelopmental 'wiring' of the brain and...
A UTSA researcher has developed a theory behind the record-setting experiment, which demonstrates the most accurate entangling gate without lasers. This achievement enables more cost-effective and easier-to-use quantum computers, with potential applications in fields such as science, engineering, and finance.
A team of researchers from the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology has developed a fast, accurate, and cost-effective COVID-19 test. Using label-free microscopic imaging combined with artificial intelligence, they can detect and classify SARS-CoV-2 in under one minute.
Researchers found that over 92% of patients with Alzheimer's disease related dementia met at least one aducanumab trial exclusion criterion, highlighting the need for additional research on high-risk groups. The study suggests that Medicare should restrict coverage for aducanumab to eligible patients only.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered the physical mechanism behind icy plumes that precede severe thunderstorms and potentially deadly tornadoes. The study reveals a hydraulic jump phenomenon triggered by fluid obstacles in the atmosphere, leading to rapid water vapor injection into the stratosphere.
Researchers have developed a new family of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that target muscle tissue more efficiently, reducing the risk of liver damage and allowing for lower doses. This improved delivery method has shown promise in treating genetic muscle diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and X-linked myotubular myopathy.
Researchers found that the stability of an amorphous metal alloy's structure is disrupted by mechanical influences, leading to crystalline inclusions. The alloy retains useful properties at pressures below 400 gigapascals before experiencing rapid crystallization and loss of structural integrity.
A study published in Stroke Journal Report found that eating 4-5 peanuts per day lowers the risk of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women. Peanuts are rich in heart-healthy nutrients that help reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Researchers have identified nine FDA-approved drugs that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells. These compounds have been shown to be safe in humans and could potentially provide an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients.
A study led by Ruixue Zhaoyang found that frequent and pleasant social interactions can boost cognitive performance in older adults. Participants who reported more social interactions had better cognitive performance on the same day and for days following.
Researchers found a 12,000-year record of marine sediment cores in Antarctica showing fluctuations in sea ice levels affecting algae growth. Algal bloom events occurred nearly every year before 4,500 years ago, but became less frequent after 4.5 thousand years ago, responding to climate cycles like ENSO.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that while some free time is beneficial for well-being, too much of it can lead to lower happiness and stress. The research analyzed data from over 21,000 Americans and suggested that a moderate amount of free time is key to boosting well-being.
The Phase III POSEIDON trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) treated with chemotherapy plus durvalumab and tremelimumab. Durvalumab combined with tremelimumab and chemotherapy reduced the risk of death...
QUT researchers developed a new mathematical model to enable faster solutions for complicated problems in agriculture, ecology and medicine. The method improves how to determine the 'best' intervention strategies, balancing benefits and side effects, and can be applied to farming practices and chemotherapy.
Researchers have discovered a new class of RNA-guided nucleases, called OMEGA, that can be harnessed for genome editing in human cells. These naturally occurring systems are widespread and likely ancient, suggesting that RNA-guided activities evolved independently on multiple occasions.
African countries faced limited initial virus spread from outside imports but emerged with deadly, high-transmission variants after intense domestic transmission. The true number of infections may be higher than reported, threatening global vaccine efficacy.
A recent global study on river ecosystems found that biodiversity loss can significantly impact the functioning of pristine water courses. The study, conducted by an international research network, revealed that alterations to ecosystems have severe and region-specific consequences.
Researchers have developed a smart dental implant that resists bacterial growth and generates its own electricity through chewing and brushing. The implant uses a nanoparticle-infused material that repels bacteria and an embedded light source powered by piezoelectric properties to conduct phototherapy.
Researchers deployed 100 short-period seismometers to measure ice flow velocity in East Antarctica, tracking movement of up to 1m over a one-month period. The study found that seismic stations on ice sheets showed shifting longitude distributions, while those on bedrock maintained consistent coordinates.
Researchers have sequenced the shea tree's genome, providing a valuable resource for genetic improvement and breeding. The new tool will enable faster development of high-performing shea varieties, addressing the species' slow growth rate and high demand.
The RIT workshop series on sustainable computing aims to create computers with environmental consciousness from raw materials to recycling. Keynote speakers will discuss trends in computing and its environmental footprint.
Researchers found that two drugs can suppress ACE2 protein production, reducing SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. Cigarette smoke extract and the drugs activate a receptor that inhibits ACE2 expression, making it harder for the virus to infect cells.
Researchers found that notification legislation was not significantly associated with lower odds of late-stage diagnoses, but insurance coverage laws were linked to decreased chances of later-stage diagnoses. Younger women and Hispanic women tended to benefit more from these laws.
Researchers at the University of Illinois designed a tube-in-tube heat exchanger with significantly higher volumetric power density than current state-of-the-art devices. The optimized design enables more efficient energy transfer in industries requiring compact and high-performance heat exchangers.
Researchers have developed light-activated morphine derivative for non-addictive pain relief and photopharmaceutical drug for psoriasis treatment. A photocommutable adenosine derivative has also been created to study pain transmission, providing new insights into its mechanisms.
A predictive model estimated that cervical cancer may be eliminated in the US by 2030 in low-poverty areas, but not until 2044 in high-poverty areas. Health care disparities are a major contributor to these disparities, including lower vaccination rates and higher prevalence of cancer-causing HPV types.
A new study published in Science identifies a specific molecule, C1q, that plays a key role in the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury. The researchers found that an antibody treatment could prevent the development of negative outcomes such as sleep disruption and inflammation.
A cross-sectional study of US nursing homes found approximately 44% of pre-reporting COVID-19 cases and 40% of pre-reporting deaths were not reported in the NHSN. This suggests an underreporting of over 68,000 unreported cases and 16,000 unreported deaths nationally.
A recent NIH-supported study highlights alarming disparities in opioid overdose deaths among non-Hispanic Black individuals in the US. The rates increased by 38% from 2018 to 2019, with Kentucky and Ohio experiencing the largest increases. The research emphasizes the need for community-based interventions addressing these disparities.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have developed a theory that produces and detects light in a vacuum, challenging classical physics. The experiment uses an accelerating diamond membrane to create photons, which are then amplified by multiple photon detectors.
The study found that tropical forest edges are releasing large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere due to increased tree mortality. By 2100, the proportion of forest edges is projected to increase from 31% to almost 50% if deforestation rates remain high.
A new large-scale study created the most comprehensive Cell Atlas of the Gut to date, revealing that Crohn’s disease may be caused by activation of developmental pathways. The detailed maps will help explain how the gut forms and functions, transforming research into intestinal diseases.
Researchers have developed a shape memory polymer that can store up to 17.9 J/g energy, allowing it to lift objects 5,000 times its own weight upon heating. The polymer's high energy density and low cost make it an ideal material for soft robotics, smart biomedical devices, and deployable space structures.
Researchers found that viral fossils in Australian marsupials are used to make non-coding RNAs that protect against outside infection. The study suggests that these viral fossils may be helping to immunize animals, potentially providing a mechanism similar to vaccination.
A large European study found that prolonged exposure to even low levels of air pollution can increase the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon were linked to adverse cardiovascular effects, with no safe thresholds detected.
A recent study at Drexel University found that virtual reality art therapy can reduce prefrontal cortex activation, promoting relaxation and flow. The study also showed differences in brain function between creative self-expression and rote tracing tasks.
West Virginia University researcher Judith Feinberg is integrating services for opioid use disorder, the hepatitis C virus and HIV in 20 primary care clinics across the state. The project aims to address the intertwined opioid and HIV epidemics through efficient and comprehensive care.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports found that the degree of platelet reduction is more strongly linked to mortality risk in sepsis than absolute platelet count. The researchers also discovered that a significant decrease in platelet count increases the risks of bleeding and thrombosis development.
A team of researchers analyzed over 31 million iNaturalist records to find that highly active users primarily post observations of plants and insects, while large animals are underdocumented. The study provides insights into urban biodiversity and the distribution of biological data.
A novel gene-based COVID-19 vaccine leveraging an adeno-associated viral vector platform was highly effective in eliciting neutralizing antibody responses and cellular immunity from a single dose. The vaccine provided near-complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in nonhuman primates for at least 11 months.
Research finds that neighborhoods with longer commute times and high residential density are more prone to infectious disease hotspots, while dense urban design can improve mobility conditions and resilience. The study suggests that a 20-minute city concept can promote livability, sustainability, and pandemic-resilient urban planning.
Daniel E. Houser and Jian Song will investigate how the distribution of random shocks affects effort provisions in rank-tournament participants using economic theory and laboratory experiments. The research aims to develop an improved understanding of why and how people make decisions when facing unlikely but possible bad outcomes.
Researchers uncover a 500-million-year-old 'worm-like' fossil, expanding the number of worm-like species known from this time period in North America. The discovery provides new clues about prehistoric environments and ecologies, helping scientists better understand the diversity of ancient animals during the Cambrian explosion.
Researchers have successfully produced iron-based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) materials directly using renewable electricity at room temperature, overcoming challenges in scalability and environmental friendliness. The new method is 96% efficient and enables the creation of advanced MOF sensors.
A study found that 1/3 of cancer drugs with accelerated approval fail to show clinical benefit in post-approval trials yet remain recommended in clinical guidelines. Researchers call for reforms to improve clarity on FDA approvals and withdrawals.
Researchers discovered that male milkweed butterflies feed on live, dead, and dying caterpillars of other milkweed butterflies to supplement their diet with toxic chemicals. These chemicals help produce nuptial pheromones for courtship, raising questions about the ecology of these well-known butterflies.
A new study found that Black and Latino families are most likely to experience financial stress due to student loan debt, even with lower levels of debt. The research analyzed data from the 2007-2009 Survey of Consumer Finances and discovered that higher levels of student loan debt increased financial stress for these households.
A new study at the University of Missouri found that shelter cats acclimated well to their new families and became significantly less stressed over time. The study monitored cats for 18 weeks and tracked stress measures such as cortisol levels and weight gain.
A study of Finnish adults with overweight found that higher sleep-time parasympathetic activity is associated with healthier diets and lower alcohol consumption. Those with a good stress balance reported better diet quality, fibre intake, and self-control.
A new research method developed by an interdisciplinary team of engineers and scientists has the potential to significantly increase lithium supply and reduce costs for devices that rely on it. The technique involves extracting lithium from contaminated water using precise membranes, which can improve efficiency and simplify the extrac...
MacBean aims to develop advanced predictive tools using satellite remote sensing, field experiments, and process-based models to understand dryland ecosystems' response to climate change. Drylands support 38% of the world's population but are sensitive to moisture availability.
Lehigh University researchers are developing a model to understand the impact of grain growth on material properties. The project aims to create new materials informatics methods, innovative stochastic differential equations, and models of grain growth to improve material performance and reliability.
Researchers develop a novel method to convert nitrate in wastewater into ammonia with nearly 100% efficiency and zero greenhouse gas emissions. The system utilizes cobalt catalysts and solar power to achieve unprecedented solar-to-fuel efficiency, outperforming existing technologies.
Scientists have discovered how pollinators support rare plant species coexistence with abundant species in diverse communities. Flower characteristics are key predictors of specialization between plants and pollinators.
A one-day online therapy session has been shown to significantly reduce symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) in mothers. The study found that women who participated in the workshop were four times more likely to experience a clinically meaningful improvement in PPD compared to those in the control group.
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering have discovered a way to boost the effectiveness of CAR T-cell therapy for treating solid tumors, including breast and melanoma. By engineering CAR T-cells to produce an enzyme called adenosine deaminase, they break down an immune-suppressive microenvironment, allowing cancer-killing cel...
A multinational team of researchers led by UNC principal investigators James Hagood and Richard Boucher aim to better understand how cells lining the nose, mouth, and airways interact to maintain respiratory health or play roles in diseases throughout childhood. The project involves collecting samples from six countries for cutting-edg...
Researchers at Tampere University identified a specific population of treatment-resistant cells that persists in prostate cancer tissue. This finding suggests that the presence of these cells can predict patient responses to treatment and may help tailor treatment for different subgroups of patients.