A team of experts encourages further investigation into the benefits of exercise training for managing multiple sclerosis. They argue that available studies are poorly designed and lack measurable neurological damage, suggesting that rigorous trials could provide evidence for neuroprotection.
Researchers used deactivated Cas9 proteins to target key segments of the human genome and synthetically trigger gene transcription. The study revealed that enhancers can send messages in both directions, but with a predominant regulatory mode where an enhancer tracks toward corresponding promoters.
The study reveals the involvement of serotonin and its receptor HTR2A in NAFLD pathology. Hepatic blockade of autonomic neural signals reduced NAFLD progression by inhibiting 5-HT, HTR2A, and lipogenic gene expression.
A new climate change study finds that water resources will become more variable and unpredictable due to declining snowpack, resulting in less reliable runoff and streamflow. This decline will have cascading impacts on ecosystems that rely on snow-based water resources, including drying out soils and increasing fire risk.
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with high blood viscosity have a 60% higher death rate than those with low blood viscosity. The study suggests that checking for blood viscosity early on could help determine the best treatment course and improve outcomes.
A new study suggests that a unique gene variant supporting cognitive health in older humans may have first emerged to protect against infectious pathogens like gonorrhea. This variant, linked to CD33, allows brain immune cells to break down damaged brain cells and amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease.
A new study highlights the importance of distinguishing between consumers' intrinsic and instrumental privacy preferences when providing data-sharing options. The research found that marketers and websites should separate these two components to reduce bias in analysis and improve understanding of consumer behavior.
Sandia National Laboratories' Daniel Sinars and Andrew Landahl received the 2021 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards for their pioneering work in X-ray diagnostics and transformational quantum error correction protocols. The awards recognize their contributions to national security, quantum computing, and advanced sciences, including the st...
Provincial health ministries hold COVID-19 vaccination data but have been reluctant to share it with researchers. Establishing partnerships between provinces and the Health Data Research Network would enable timely data transfer and support research into vaccine effectiveness.
A new national study found that households led by women, those with children under age 18, renters, low-income individuals, and minority groups are less likely to be minimally prepared for disasters. The researchers recommend targeting these vulnerable groups with disaster preparedness resources.
A team of researchers from Tokyo University of Science has developed a novel multi-proton carrier complex that shows efficient proton conductivity even at high temperatures. The resulting starburst-type metal complex acts as a proton transmitter, making it 6 times more potent than individual imidazole molecules.
A new study by Oregon State University found that Houston residents experienced a significant increase in chemical exposure after Hurricane Harvey, with 75% of chemicals detected at higher concentrations. The study used silicone wristbands to measure exposure to hazardous chemicals, including pesticides and industrial compounds.
A team of scientists has developed a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) called 'Intelligent Walls' for controlling electromagnetic waves to monitor human activities remotely. The technology harnesses ambient signals and can track activities like walking, sitting, and standing with high resolution.
A new study from the University of Miami found that Miami's history of environmental injustice is a key factor in understanding why different groups are talking at cross-purposes about climate change. The research highlights how community histories, such as experiences of privilege or dispossession, shape opinions on climate change.
The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) has launched a two-week training course for biologics development and manufacturing, targeting low- and middle-income countries. The program aims to enhance local production of vaccines and biologics in LMICs to address vaccine inequity and global pandemic preparedness.
Researchers from Japan review the effects of reduced gravity on muscles and nerve responses, suggesting that afferent neural activity plays a key role in regulating muscle properties. They recommend exercise countermeasures such as walking with rear foot-strike landing and periodic passive stretching to prevent neuromuscular problems.
Researchers have developed a supramolecular adhesive that exhibits outstanding gluing properties across a wide range of temperatures. The new adhesive consists of a protein and crown ether component, which form a tight interlocking structure through molecular interactions, resulting in exceptional adhesion even at low temperatures.
Scientists from Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg discovered that precisely applied mechanical pressure can improve the electronic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films. The team used atomic force microscopy to control and reorient electrical charges in the material, enabling stable nano-scale structures with high ...
A FSU team found a specific protein's gradient distribution in the brain linked to neurodegeneration in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The discovery using area-specific tissue analysis will help researchers narrow focus for developing therapies, promoting the discovery of more effective treatments.
A team at Baylor College of Medicine found that Sox9, a well-known transcription factor, affects brain tumor growth differently in various tumor types. The study revealed distinct mechanisms for regulating epigenetic patterns, which may lead to new possibilities for developing novel therapies.
The study provides guidelines for healthcare facilities to respond effectively to mass shooting incidents. The clinicians identified the importance of modified triage plans, prioritizing patients based on anatomical considerations, and clear communication with emergency responders. By implementing these strategies, hospitals can better...
The study reveals multiple dimeric structures of cadherins in solution, including W-, cross-, and S-shaped dimers. The researchers propose a novel conformation, the S-shaped dimer, and suggest that binding mechanism progresses through sliding motion followed by flipping motion to form stable SS-dimers.
MU researchers have identified specific mutations in the Omicron variant's spike protein that help it evade existing antibodies from vaccines or previous COVID-19 infections. These findings can inform developers of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, which may need to target different parts of the virus to produce effective outcomes.
Researchers at the University of South Australia have discovered that combining anti-rejection medication with immune checkpoint inhibitors can significantly reduce the risk of organ rejection and eliminate cancer cells in a quarter of patients. The study involved 22 patients with renal transplants and incurable locally advanced or met...
A new curriculum called Relationships Decoded shows promise in teaching adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities about healthy romantic relationships and preventing sexual abuse. The program, tested with diverse professionals from California, improves knowledge and understanding of social-sexual relationships.
Researchers found that children with autism process brain waves differently when focused on body movements versus colors, highlighting a key challenge in communication.
A team of scientists developed a new Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method that captures target molecules in small gaps, increasing sensitivity by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The method uses a multilayer nanoparticle film with natural gaps less than 3 nm, allowing for trace dynamic detection and monitoring of biological systems.
Climate change is affecting lakes globally, causing changes in stratification regimes, dissolved oxygen levels, and habitat for native fish. Warmer water temperatures can lead to cyanobacterial blooms, reduced oxygen levels, and increased salinity, impacting aquatic organisms and human activities.
A team of scientists has successfully created a neutron interferometer using two separate crystals, enabling new possibilities for quantum measurements. This breakthrough opens up the possibility of expanding the size of the system while maintaining precision.
New research reveals that rattlesnakes maintain a broad and diverse toolkit of genes encoding snake venom, allowing them to adapt as local prey and conditions change. This adaptation enables snakes to overcome prey species evolving resistance to their venoms over millions of years.
Scientists have identified a key gene that can improve wheat grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets per spike. The discovery provides a promising solution to address the food security crisis and could lead to significant improvements in wheat yields.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute discovered that the enzyme ADAR1 plays a crucial role in regulating cellular senescence and tissue aging through a mechanism independent of RNA editing. This finding may lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related disorders, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers achieve red-green-blue whispering gallery mode lasing with large color gamut using fiber braiding cavity. The lasing emissions cover a color gamut 86.7% larger than standard RGB space, showing great potential for compact white sources and laser display devices.
A recent six-country African study reveals that pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 are at double the risk of ICU admission and four times the risk of dying compared to non-pregnant counterparts. The researchers emphasize the need for pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19 to protect themselves and their unborn children.
Researchers at the University of Liège discovered that Ly6C hi monocytes orchestrate balance between cytotoxic and regulatory properties of CD4 T cells. This understanding opens new therapeutic avenues for managing severe immunopathologies associated with respiratory viral infections.
A new biodiversity survey found that approximately 30% of species have been globally threatened or driven extinct since 1500, according to experts from around the world. The study synthesized perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide and highlighted significant demographic and geographic differences in their estimates.
Researchers found associations between perceived discrimination and epigenetic aging in US middle-aged and older adults. Depressive symptoms were identified as a potential mediator in these relationships, particularly among women and White adults.
A Yale University-led team found that a plant lineage independently evolved three similar leaf types over and over again in various mountainous regions across the neotropics. The study's findings provide evidence for 'replicated radiation,' suggesting that evolution can be predictable under certain circumstances.
This study reveals that anthropogenic monoterpenes are a major contributor to urban ozone pollution, with emissions from biomass burning activities exacerbating the problem. The researchers estimate that monoterpene oxidation can provide an additional 4-9 ppb of ozone during daytime, accounting for up to 13% of total ozone production.
A team of researchers has used advanced techniques to identify immature hippocampal neurons in significant numbers throughout the human lifespan. The findings resolve a long-running controversy over adult neurogenesis and provide insights into brain plasticity, memory, mood, behavior, and brain disorders.
Research suggests that overly restrictive salt intake may worsen outcomes for people with a common form of heart failure, particularly in younger individuals and those of black and other ethnicities. The study found that participants who consumed more salt had a lower risk of hospital admission for heart failure.
Scientists at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering have made significant advancements in understanding the electronic properties of amorphous carbon. By integrating quantum principles, they predicted a higher electrical conductivity than previously expected. This breakthrough has implications for applica...
The Liexi Fauna discovery provides new evidence for the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, featuring a rich array of biomineralized fossils and non-mineralized tissues. The fauna reveals a flourishing Early Ordovician marine ecosystem with diverse organisms and varied lifestyles.
A Tel Aviv University study reveals that corals' fluorescence serves as a lure for plankton, which are then consumed by predators like corals. The researchers found that green-fluorescent corals were 25% more preyed upon than yellow-fluorescent ones.
A new platform called MoveApps enables scientists and wildlife managers to explore animal movement data with little more than a device and a browser. The system uses open-source code and allows users to create complex analyses with simple clicks.
Researchers have updated V.PhyloMaker to incorporate two new botanical nomenclatures, generating more robust evolutionary trees. The new package retains The Plant List's botanical nomenclature while including the Leipzig Catalogue of Vascular Plants database and World Plants database.
Researchers at Boston College found air-pollution-related disease, death and IQ loss occur in every city and town in Massachusetts. The study estimated a cumulative impact on childhood cognitive development of almost 2 million Performance IQ points lost.
Researchers at Umea University have discovered a new function in specific proteins involved in TGF-β signalling pathway, which affects how cancer cells grow and spread. This may lead to easier identification of men at risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer, enabling early treatment.
Scientists at Flinders University have discovered a simple and effective method to extract high-value bioactives from single-cell algae oil using waste sulfur. This process can enrich saturated triglycerides, which are valuable for various applications, including biodiesel production.
A study published in Ecology Letters found that pollinators stabilize crop yields, reducing variation by 32%, which can help mitigate supply issues and market shocks. This finding highlights the importance of preserving pollinators for global food security.
Researchers discovered Bi2O3 nanoparticles transform into active phase Bi/Bi2O3 nanosheets, showing enhanced catalytic performance and stability. Theoretical calculations support the role of surface-exposed Bi in promoting formate production.
A team of scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University created unprecedentedly lightweight optics for X-ray space telescopes by employing Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology. By refining the patterning and annealing process, they achieved ultra-sharp features that rival existing telescopes in performance while significan...
A multi-center trial found that buccally absorbed cannabidiol reduced immediate post-operative pain following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, with patients reporting lower pain scores and higher satisfaction rates compared to placebo. CBD was also safe, with no significant differences in nausea or liver function tests.
The University of Arizona's AZ HEROES study will continue to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and immunity among frontline workers, families, and children. The study has already provided important data on vaccine effectiveness for teenagers and children, informing science-based vaccine guidance and public health decisions.
A recent study found that ACL repair patients have significantly better isokinetic strength tests at 6 months and better final follow-up scores on the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS) compared to those who underwent ACL reconstruction. However, the rate of re-rupture was higher in the ACL repair group, particularly among younger patients.
The study found that despite a decrease in the California state prison population during the COVID-19 pandemic, those who remained incarcerated faced a higher burden of chronic disease and sustained disruptions in referrals for timely care.
A phone call two days after discharge significantly reduces the likelihood of patients returning to the emergency room. The study found that nearly 4,000 patients who received an automated telephone call had lower return rates compared to those without calls.
A three-year study found that librarian-teacher co-teaching significantly facilitates learner-centered instruction, such as maker learning and inquiry learning, across all levels of schools. School librarians played a crucial role in making these individualized learning opportunities possible by using various instructional methods.
Researchers at Hebrew University have developed a new method using quantitative MRI to diagnose early-stage Parkinson's disease. This technique reveals biological changes in the brain, enabling early diagnosis and monitoring of treatment efficacy.
A new PSU study found that vaping cannabinoid acetates leads to the formation of ketene, a toxic gas known to cause vaping-induced lung injury. The study suggests that prolonged exposure to ketene could be particularly hazardous, as it is virtually untraceable in the human body.