Research finds that antibiotics and their breakdown products can contribute to resistance, even after treatment. The study suggests that wastewater treatment plants act as hidden reservoirs of bioactivity, leading to increased antibiotic resistance. Human usage of antibiotics is also identified as a major driver of this issue.
Researchers at Emory University discovered a flaw in reinforcement learning used to guide sepsis treatment, which can result in either overtreatment or undertreatment. The team developed a simple workaround to avoid the flaw, leading to an 8-10% decrease in patient mortality.
A new study reveals that North America experienced stronger enrichment of oxygen isotopes in the north during the last deglaciation, while the south showed a muted response. The researchers used climate simulations to explain this difference, attributing it to changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture sources.
Researchers developed a highly efficient photocatalyst for solar-driven CO₂ conversion using a ZrO₂/CdS core-shell composite. The catalyst achieves nearly 100% selectivity for carbon monoxide production, overcoming bottlenecks in industrial application.
A systematic review synthesizes 95 core studies to map machine learning (ML) advances for pipelines across the full lifecycle. ML techniques boost generalizability, quantify uncertainty, and embed physical laws, achieving near-physics fidelity with significant speedups.
Researchers investigated polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) for their anticancer effects on pancreatic cancer cells with KRAS mutations. The compounds demonstrated strong activity against cell survival, migration, and invasion pathways. PCAI treatment caused hyperactivation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, leading to ox...
Participants trusted AI more for large-scale scanning tasks like identifying red flags in social media posts, while trusting humans for nuanced fact-checking requiring piecing together evidence. The findings suggest that effective fact-checking tools should provide accurate results and explain how they're reached.
A survey found that one in five US adults is unaware of the connection between diet and blood cholesterol levels. Many incorrectly believe that chicken, lean beef, and eggs are protective against hyperlipidemia, but research shows that these foods actually contribute to artery-clogging cholesterol.
A genome-wide mixed methods study identifies shared genetic variants across substance use disorders, suggesting overlapping biological processes. The analysis reveals new genetic regions and implicated genes in key neurobiological processes, including reward processing and behavioural regulation.
Rice University has received a $2 million CPRIT award to advance cancer research, including new studies in immunotherapy and ovarian cancer. The funding will support the expansion of the Genetic Design and Engineering Center, which provides a centralized hub for DNA tools used in cancer research.
A recent UC Irvine study analyzing health data from over 85,000 women found that access to healthcare and insurance coverage significantly influence whether women take recommended amounts of folic acid. Folic acid supplements were more commonly used by older pregnant women and non-Hispanic Black women.
A team from UNIGE has improved a non-invasive brain stimulation technique called temporal interference stimulation, allowing deeper and more targeted stimulation. The breakthrough enables the potential application of this method in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression without surgery.
Researchers at DGIST elucidated the protective mechanism of the p53 gene, which prevents neural stem cell death under chronic stress conditions. The study found that p53 functions as a survival factor by suppressing autophagy, and an existing anticancer drug can inhibit p53 degradation to prevent brain cell death.
Researchers developed a solution to improve the mechanical stability of perovskite/silicon tandem cells, achieving a record-breaking power conversion efficiency of 30.04%. The uniform submicron pyramids on ultrathin silicon wafers significantly improved device performance and flexibility.
A study analyzing nearly 2,000 human infections with Shiga-producing E. coli found increasing resistance to antibiotics, particularly for tetracycline and sulfisoxazole. The researchers propose a 'One Health' approach to address the issue, focusing on antibiotic stewardship in agriculture, food safety, and environmental controls.
Researchers developed a new polymer electrolyte that addresses two long-standing barriers to next-generation energy storage. The material enables exceptional electrochemical stability and rapid ion transport, bringing high-energy-density lithium metal batteries closer to practical application.
A new El Niño index compares warming in the central Pacific with temperatures across the wider tropics, providing a clearer picture of unusual conditions. The Relative Niño index is more suited for monitoring and comparing events over time, reducing sensitivity to global warming trends.
A new study from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem reveals that aerosol-cloud interactions can produce opposite climate effects in the short term and long term. In the short term, aerosols initially warm the atmosphere, but over time, the cooling effect takes over.
Researchers have developed an AI-powered safety switch for future cell therapies using caffeine. The platform, CODS, rapidly separates engineered proteins in living cells and triggers cellular responses on demand.
Research led by University of Queensland found a 17% drop in egg allergy rates among Australian children after implementing guidelines recommending egg introduction at 6 months of age. The study also showed a significant reduction in egg allergy rates among babies with eczema, from 35% to 22%.
Southwest Research Institute scientists modeled the early impact history of Earth, finding that asteroid impacts fractured the crust and generated hydrothermal systems. These environments could have provided a suitable setting for the origin and evolution of early life on Earth.
A recent study in the Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior found that geographic differences account for most of the variation in the cost of the USDA's Thrifty Food Plan, with regions like the Northeast and major metropolitan areas like New York having higher costs. The study highlights the importance of considering regional pric...
A new $2.9 million NIH grant will help researchers understand the impact of a father's drinking before conception on his child's risk for developmental disorders, chronic disease, and accelerated aging. The study aims to identify warning signs earlier and guide interventions for people affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
A new study found that the Inflation Reduction Act's $35 out-of-pocket cap on insulin prescriptions led to lower costs and increased insulin usage among Medicare patients. However, the impact was limited to a small portion of U.S. patients, with higher costs remaining for many.
Research suggests that genetic factors influence the strength of rats' aversive responses to cocaine's negative effects. The study found that different rat strains had varying levels of avoidance behavior towards the drug. This suggests a potential genetic basis for individual differences in cocaine use and addiction.
A new study reveals that the three-step 'detour' pathway for making dolichol is more universal than initially thought, with evidence suggesting that yeast and other eukaryotes rely on overlapping biochemical pathways. Dolichol biosynthesis is crucial for protein glycosylation and preventing congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Researchers found that DHED increased estrogen specifically in the brain of aged marmosets, leading to improved memory and sleep. The treatment also reversed neural changes caused by letrozole, a common breast cancer treatment. However, DHED had different effects on body temperature regulation in males and females.
The discovery reveals a surprisingly mature black hole at just 850 million years old, with an accretion disk resembling a flat pancake. This challenges the understanding of how supermassive black holes can grow and mature in a short amount of cosmic time.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a novel 2D conductive Material that maintains single-layer electronic characteristics even when stacked in multiple layers. This breakthrough resolves the long-standing challenge of performance degradation in 2D materials, enabling high electrical conductivity and efficient electron transport.
Zoonoses has been included in ESCI reflecting its commitment to publishing high-quality research on zoonotic diseases and One Health. The inclusion increases the visibility and discoverability of research across the global scholarly community.
Michele Esposito, a young cardiologist, has received a K23 award from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The award aims to develop innovative approaches for treating peripheral microvascular dysfunction in heart failure, which affects exercise tolerance.
A study analyzing French and Swedish national health databases reveals a rise in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and motor neuron diseases' prevalence worldwide. Improved life expectancy and therapies contribute to the increase in multiple sclerosis cases, while population aging is the primary driver of ALS rising incidence.
Prof. Tal Dvir, Prof. Hossam Haick, and Prof. Yaakov Nahmias inducted as Fellows of the National Academy of Inventors for their groundbreaking work in regenerative medicine, sensing technologies, and bioengineering. Their innovations have made a significant societal and economic impact worldwide.
A Virginia Tech study found that female brains use a molecular process not seen in male brains to form fear memories. The researchers suggest that treatments for PTSD may need to be tailored differently for men and women. The discovery could lead to better understanding of PTSD and more effective treatments.
Researchers discovered that exercise enhances oxygen delivery to arthritic joints through tiny vesicles released from red blood cells, relieving tissue hypoxia and promoting joint health. Physical activity drives the circulation of these EVs into the joint, where they deliver oxygen and maintain joint function.
A study led by Raül Andero at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona found that the ratio of progesterone to estradiol hormones in saliva can predict memory performance, including fear extinction in both mice and humans. This hormonal balance may help identify optimal times for learning and memory tasks.
A new report describes a novel disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the TMEM63B gene, resulting in severe lung disease. The study identified five individuals from four unrelated families with similar symptoms of early onset respiratory distress, lung abnormalities, and developmental delay.
A new study found that rural patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea are less likely to be referred for evaluation than urban patients, even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Rural patients had a 25% lower odds of receiving a referral compared to urban patients.
Researchers from the University of Oxford have demonstrated a new family of quantum superpositions using highly nonclassical building blocks. The experiment used a trapped ion to create exotic motional superpositions with programmable control, revealing true quantum states.
Research reveals B7x facilitates immune evasion by creating a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to accelerated tumor growth rates and worsened survival outcomes. Combinatorial immunotherapy targeting B7x and PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 improves antitumor responses.
A new study found that protected bike lanes in NYC causally increase Citi Bike ridership, with a statistically significant effect of approximately 379 additional rides per station per month. However, painted bike lanes and sharrows showed no detectable causal effect, highlighting the importance of design details in cycling infrastructure.
A new study found that U.S. military veterans with both insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea have a substantially elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with either condition alone. The risk is particularly high among younger veterans, even after accounting for demographic and metabolic factors.
Research reconstructs a timeline of chromosome folding that brings remote DNA regulatory regions into physical contact with genes they control. The study suggests that this early wiring may help pre-select genes for rapid activation by enhancers at the right time and in the right cells, orchestrating developmental decisions.
Researchers have published the first complete connectome of a fruit fly brain and 'spinal cord', allowing for the study of how neural circuits control complex behaviors. The open-source resource is poised to propel neuroscience research by providing insights into basic principles of nervous system interactions.
A pilot study of the Participant Engagement Portal (PEP) tool shows that 84% of participants had a positive experience, with high usability and satisfaction rates. PEP facilitates two-way communication between patients and clinicians, allowing for self-reporting of social risk factors and future research opportunities.
A project led by University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture researchers aims to reduce the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer by designing corn plants that better utilize nitrogen already in the soil. The goal is to decrease nitrous oxide emissions, increase nitrogen uptake, and optimize rooting patterns in corn.
Dr. Mey directs the Mitochondrial Energetics and Nutrient Utilization (MENU) Laboratory at Pennington Biomedical, researching precision nutrition and metabolic health. He will represent Pennington Biomedical and the Academy as a Media Spokesperson.
The ACT-CHIK project will conduct a Phase Ib/III clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a measles-virus-based chikungunya vaccine in four African countries. The project also aims to strengthen Africa's vaccine ecosystem by transferring the vaccine manufacturing process to an African manufacturer.
Mobile money can widen access, help small firms, and cushion shocks, but only with fair rules and safe systems. A study found that mobile money has helped lift around 194,000 households out of poverty, especially for female-headed households.
A new study found that women with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea reported worse symptoms, including sleep disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, and cognitive function, compared to men. The study suggests that current algorithms for diagnosing and treating sleep apnea may not consider the broader range of symptoms women experience.
Researchers used deep learning to model energy release during r-process nucleosynthesis in hydrodynamic simulations, gaining new insights into element formation. The results suggest that r-process heating is an important effect that should be better accounted for in future modeling.
Researchers have developed an alternative infection model using wax moth larvae to study bacterial pathogens, enabling efficient and ethically acceptable high-throughput testing. The model allows for broad screening of bacterial variants or potential new active compounds in a living organism.
A new analysis of NFL draft data reveals that higher-drafted players do not perform significantly better than lower-drafted ones, especially those chosen in the same round. Researchers found a distinct advantage for teams trading down for draft picks compared to those trading up.
A new review highlights that vitamin D deficiency is common and clinically important in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but the current evidence does not support a direct disease-modifying effect. Vitamin D supplementation shows modest benefits in some patients, particularly those with low baseline vitamin D levels.
The UMA solution proposes a distributed intelligence system to monitor and analyze charging station status in real-time, detecting anomalies and providing situational awareness. This approach enhances the security and resilience of electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
Ferroelectric thin films' thickness, strain state and domain architecture are influenced by van der Waals forces, which can be controlled through epitaxial growth on MoS2 substrates. This discovery enables the creation of higher-quality, larger thin films with improved performance.
LRBA deficiency, a rare inherited condition, impairs kidney function by disrupting water and sodium balance, leading to polyuria and electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment with desmopressin may help manage excessive urination in some patients.
Researchers have developed a gradient-laminated ceramifiable silicone foam composite that bridges the gap between passive insulation and dynamic impact resistance. The material exhibits exceptional thermal insulation and robust mechanical durability under extreme conditions, making it suitable for constructing intrinsically safe lithiu...
The UC3M project analyzes how Leganés transitioned from an agricultural environment to a commercial city, losing youth leisure spaces and local retail networks. Citizen testimonies reveal the history of the city is not only in official archives but also in daily resident experiences.
A new study found that AI-powered chatbots can make vaccine-hesitant parents more likely to say they will immunize their children against HPV, but no more than standard written public health materials. Additionally, the effects of the chatbots did not last longer than those of government health materials.