Researchers developed a novel mosaic nanoparticle vaccine platform to overcome the mucus barrier challenge, inducing broad neutralizing effects against diverse coronaviruses. The approach breaks through respiratory physiological barriers to establish robust frontline defenses.
A research team developed a method to modify a promising photocatalytic material using flash joule heating, resulting in a 10-fold enhancement in CO evolution under simulated solar irradiation. The work establishes a universal, scalable methodology for designing high-performance photocatalysts for diverse energy conversion applications.
A researcher at Carilion Clinic has received a $623,000 NIH award to investigate the use of psilocybin to treat cocaine addiction. The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of psilocybin in combination with psychotherapy for patients with cocaine use disorder.
High-entropy ceramics (HECs) exhibit superior wear resistance and adaptive lubrication compared to conventional ceramics due to synergistic effects of lattice distortion and sluggish diffusion. However, the field faces three major bottlenecks: standardized test protocols, mechanisms of high-entropy effect, and high synthesis cost.
Researchers have developed a new method to determine the high-resolution structure of 7TM proteins in a lipid bilayer using ultrafast magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. This technique allows for detailed structural information while preserving the native-like membrane protein structure, overcoming limitations associated with proton–proton...
Mantle cell lymphoma treatment may be improved by considering a patient's biology and risk level, rather than age alone. High-risk patients can be identified at diagnosis and treated with targeted therapies, while low-risk patients may receive less intensive treatment.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg identified a link between specific gut bacteria activities and primary sclerosing cholangitis, a rare chronic liver disease. Elevated levels of the metabolite ImP, formed by gut bacteria breakdown, can predict poorer survival outcomes and induce liver inflammation in PSC patients.
A new study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology suggests that gene activity in the nervous system is linked to rescue behavior in ants. The researchers found that ants that showed rescue behavior had 15 genes more active in their mushroom bodies, which are involved in learning and behavioral control.
A team of scientists engineered lattice and defects of nanosized metal halide perovskites using nickel doping to improve X-ray imaging performance. The modified perovskites exhibited exceptional light yield and imaging resolution, with a spatial resolution of 16.6 lp mm−1.
This study proposes BioPINN-LM, a hybrid framework for rapid wall-stress prediction and conversational risk interpretation in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms. The framework outperforms baseline models and achieves high accuracy in wall-stress prediction and conversational decision support.
Researchers developed a 3D micro-bladder model to test phage therapy on UTI bacteria. The treatment successfully wiped out bacteria in hidden reservoirs, reducing the risk of recurrent infections. The study suggests a two-pronged approach combining phages and antibiotics may be more effective.
Researchers have discovered the underlying mechanism of Atg2-mediated lipid transfer in autophagy, revealing two distinct mechanisms that enable proper growth of the autophagosomal membrane. The phosphorylation of a specific region of Atg2, mediated by Atg1, enables its binding to the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent lipid transfer.
Scientists from Tokyo University of Science developed a new strategy to create glassy plastics that are both stiff and tough. They achieved this by using a combination of a comb-shaped architecture and bulky counterions, resulting in materials that are approximately four times tougher and twice as stiff as conventional glassy polymers.
A team of researchers has shed light on the mechanism of outer membrane protein assembly in bacteria, revealing key conformational changes made by a chaperone protein. The study's findings may help identify new targets for antibacterial agents and improve our understanding of Gram-negative bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.
A research team at Osaka Metropolitan University mapped molecular gas throughout Stephan's Quintet, a nearby group of interacting galaxies. They found that regions with turbulent gas formed stars less efficiently, even with abundant gas present. Turbulence prevents gas from settling and collapsing, creating fewer opportunities for star...
The study found that prescriptions for GLP-1 weight-loss medications increased 310-fold among young children with obesity, from 0.03% in 2019 to 9.3% in 2026. Younger children with severe obesity and girls were more likely to receive the medications, highlighting the need for better access and monitoring.
Researchers measured how skin pigmentation affects laser energy required to cause visible skin injury, finding that darker skin requires less energy to reach injury threshold. The study provides quantitative evidence to help improve future laser safety guidelines and support safer optics-based technologies.
A study analyzing 224 flood-related deaths in Germany and Belgium reveals that many occurred outside officially mapped flood hazard zones, with older people and those with mobility impairments disproportionately affected. The researchers call for improved risk management and hazard mapping to better protect vulnerable groups.
Researchers created a predictive model called enzyme-gated network expansion to understand the earliest stages of enzyme evolution. The model predicts that α/β folds were predominant in early enzymes, driving metabolic reactions.
Researchers developed a flexible electrochemical sensor to map nanoplastic-induced oxidative stress in human cortical organoids, enabling real-time monitoring of hydrogen peroxide levels. The study showed that nanoplastics penetrate brain-like tissues and induce oxidative stress, with the signal largely confined to the penetration region.
Researchers have developed a method to print three-dimensional structures in ice using evaporative cooling, which also regulates body temperature. The technique allows for printing arbitrary profiles without additional support, with applications in biology and microfluidics.
Researchers engineered branched semiconductor nanowires to separate charge transport from light generation, demonstrating a new LED architecture that enhances light extraction efficiency. The indirect-bandgap design suppresses light emission from the core while enhancing emission from the branches.
Researchers have developed a bifunctional electrode combining high energy storage capacity with sensing sensitivity, achieved through a phosphorene/bismuthene heterojunction. The device exhibits excellent freeze tolerance, ultra-long cycle life, and mechanical flexibility, making it a promising component for wearable electronic systems.
A closed-loop recycling system for spent cathode materials has been proposed, utilizing artificial intelligence to reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The system uses precision recycling, enabling adaptive, data-informed decision-making throughout the battery life cycle.
A novel BP/Nb2SiTe4 heterostructure photodetector has been developed with exceptional polarization selectivity, self-driven functionality, and ultrabroadband response. The device outperforms traditional polarization detectors in spectral range, dichroic ratio, and spatial resolution.
mRNA-LNPs are shifting the paradigm of drug delivery, enabling vaccines, personalized cancer vaccines, and in vivo gene editing. CAR-engineered cells can be directly generated in vivo, offering a streamlined alternative to ex vivo CAR-T manufacturing.
A new study found that urban rivers in Beijing harbor the highest burden of antibiotic resistance genes, while receiving waters show stronger mobilization signals, indicating a high risk of resistance exchange. The study highlights the need for risk-oriented water management in megacities.
Engineered microbe-based micro/nanorobots can revolutionize clinical intervention for luminal cancers by navigating and adapting to hostile luminal cavities. The review categorizes this living robotic paradigm into four synergistic capabilities, including active navigation, environmental sensing, and continuous biosynthesis.
A new review in Medicine Plus traces the development of deep brain stimulation, mapping mechanisms and clinical targets across 16 disorders. It highlights future personalized strategies and calls for validated biomarkers and standardized reporting.
Researchers discovered that major earthquakes can rapidly alter coastline evolution, with Kaikōura's erosion rates more than doubling after the 2016 earthquake. This study provides a rare example of how tectonic events reshape rock coasts, relevant to tectonically active coasts worldwide.
A community-adapted brain health program in Kikuyo Town, Japan, has achieved significant improvements in attention scores and dietary balance among older adults. The 24-week program, combining aerobic exercise, cognitive exercises, and lifestyle guidance, resulted in high attendance rates and positive feedback.
Researchers discovered hidden repeating patterns in seemingly disordered nanostructures, allowing for faster and more accurate analysis and design of metasurfaces. This breakthrough enables the development of next-generation optical devices, including AR and VR components and high-performance metalenses.
Researchers propose a mandatory measurement and reporting component for the UN's plastics treaty to track plastic production, use, disposal, and pollution. The system would standardize labeling, measurement practices, and repository establishment, enabling countries to report detailed data on plastics from cradle to grave.
A scoping review of 32 studies found cancer patients are generally favourable towards Generative AI, but most studies focused on simplifying clinical reports, leaving potential uses unexplored. The review highlights the need for patients' perspectives in designing and implementing Generative AI for cancer care.
A phase 3 trial shows infigratinib treatment significantly improves growth in children with achondroplasia, a skeletal condition causing disproportionate short stature. The oral treatment option is particularly suitable for early intervention in infants, who are most likely to benefit from pharmacologic treatment.
KAIST researchers develop SafeQL, a technology that identifies and selectively corrects errors in AI-generated SQL queries, reducing the need to regenerate entire queries. The technology improves data retrieval accuracy and speed, accelerating the adoption of AI work assistants in enterprise environments.
A review of 27 articles found AI scribes can miss important patient details like facial expressions and emotional state. Patients may also be hesitant to reveal sensitive information when AI is involved, potentially depriving clinicians of valuable clinical reasoning skills.
Researchers report successful xenotransplantation of genetically edited pig kidney to patient with end-stage kidney disease, achieving longest dialysis-free survival of 271 days. The study highlights the potential of xenotransplantation as a bridge to human transplant, addressing the organ shortage crisis.
Two UCLA studies published in Cell and Science uncover the role of metabolism and physical signals in guiding radial glia to produce specific cell types in the developing human cortex. Metabolic research found that the pentose phosphate pathway influences cell fate, while thalamic projections make direct physical contact with radial gl...
Researchers found that patients with lung cancer had more detectable microplastics and higher microplastic burdens in their lung wash and tissue samples. The study suggests a link between microplastics and lung disease, with polypropylene and polyethylene being the most common types of plastic.
Women with a history of gestational diabetes in pregnancy are at a substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, with a median onset age 13 years earlier than those without prior gestational diabetes. They also experience more severe disease, requiring insulin treatment more frequently.
The study found that Indy gene reduction is associated with lower bacterial load and higher bacterial diversity in aging fruit flies compared to controls. Reduced Indy activity also linked to improved intestinal homeostasis, reduced oxidative stress, and maintenance of gut integrity.
Lurie Children's hospital is launching a clinical trial for a new radiation therapy that spares healthy tissue, offering hope to children with brain tumors. The trial will use a novel technology to deliver higher doses of radiation while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissue.
Jack Dongarra, Yilu Liu, and Parans Paranthaman receive R&D 100 Awards for their work on innovations in large-scale computing and power grid resilience. Dongarra's team developed Fenix, an open-source software that detects and repairs hardware failures in supercomputing applications.
AI has evolved from an ambitious idea to a powerful force in science, medicine, industry, and environmental protection. Emerging co-scientist systems can generate hypotheses, evaluate ideas, and refine research directions, pointing toward a future of AI as a digital scientific collaborator.
Researchers at Drexel University's College of Medicine found a 58% greater risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in patients with voice disorders, compared to those without. Voice disorders may be an early sign of cognitive decline, challenging the traditional focus on hearing loss as the primary risk factor.
The National Academy of Inventors has launched the National Invention Ambassadors Network to inspire future generations of innovators and build America's future. The network brings together accomplished inventors from various sectors, including higher education, industry, and government, to mentor students, researchers, and entrepreneurs.
WPI researchers Fatemeh Ganji and Fanglin Che have been awarded NSF CAREER Awards to develop privacy-preserving neural networks and an AI-enabled simulation framework for electrochemical technologies. Their research will lead to breakthroughs in cybersecurity and electrochemical technologies guided by AI.
A study of nearly four million Roman coins reveals how Rome's economic integration facilitated its territorial expansion. The research, led by Eduardo Amaral Haddad and Inácio Fernandes Araújo, used digital archaeology and data science to reconstruct the monetary circulation of the Roman Republic from 155 BCE to 2 CE.
A new study found that proteins with a certain type of structure are more likely to misfold and be targeted for removal, yet nearly half still evade the cellular maintenance crew. This can disrupt protein production and recycling, potentially contributing to aging and disease.
Researchers from Texas A&M are testing far-UVC light to determine its effectiveness in reducing airborne pathogens in commercial poultry houses without harming birds. The study, led by Morgan Farnell and Ziteng Xu, aims to provide a new tool for the poultry industry to protect bird health and reduce mortality and economic losses.
Researchers have developed a fast and simple way to turn lignin, a plentiful plant-based byproduct of the paper making industry, into potentially more valuable renewable chemicals. The new method uses tiny water droplets energized by sound waves to break down Kraft lignin in just 20 minutes at room temperature.
A recent international study identifies the importance of integrating different land use initiatives, involving various social groups, and continuously refining measures to prevent wildfires. The researchers advocate a long-term, preventive approach to shaping resilient landscapes that combine ecological, economic, and social objectives.
Researchers found that students with lower grades and test scores are overrepresented in male-majority fields, while LGBTQ+ students are underrepresented. The study suggests that social norms and institutional environments may be contributing to these gaps.
A study found that bats, not bird numbers, contribute to pest control in macadamia nut production. Higher bat activity reduces insect damage and increases yields, with natural habitats playing a crucial role in supporting beneficial organisms.
Researchers have found that coastal wildflowers, such as the yellow monkeyflower, have evolved multiple adaptations to withstand salt spray, including altered pore structures and ability to bead up and roll off salt droplets. This knowledge could point to ways to make other plants, including crops, more resilient to salt exposure.
Researchers identified biomarkers of bone formation that declined with corticosteroid treatment, but recovered after transitioning to vamorolone. The study provides insights into the effects of corticosteroids on childhood growth and bone health.
Organic chemistry is challenging AI researchers to think outside the box, driving advances in how AI represents complex problems and reasons from limited evidence. This is enabling the development of more reliable, efficient, and transparent AI systems that can support various areas of science and society.
A new statewide survey in Massachusetts found strong support for expanding access to affordable plant-based proteins, with 74% backing the Bean New Deal Bill. The bill would expand access to plant-based protein options in public institutions and incorporate nutrition education related to plant-based proteins.
The INSULIN Act would cap out-of-pocket insulin costs at $35 per month for people on private insurance, establishing a resource center and hotline for uninsured individuals. The Endocrine Society applauds the bipartisan bill, which aligns with its Insulin Access and Affordability Position Statement.