A study found that the gut microbiota of Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars harbors fungi with the potential to degrade expanded polystyrene. Four fungi were isolated and demonstrated to break down polystyrene using scanning electron microscopy analysis.
A new plasma-catalysis process converts nitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) into alkylamines, ammonia, and hydrogen under mild conditions. The study achieves high co-conversion efficiency by leveraging the synergy between plasma activation and catalyst adsorption.
Researchers developed a multi-feature fusion filtering framework to improve defect detection in heavy-haul lines, achieving accurate localization in over 90% of test cases. The method outperforms single-feature methods by reducing missed detections and large localization deviations.
A UMaine-led research team has been awarded the inaugural DOE Genesis Mission to develop AI-powered models that simulate the impact of microbes on underground chemical reactions. The project aims to improve predictions in groundwater management, environmental remediation, and energy infrastructure planning.
A new review reveals that selenium metabolism governs ferroptosis sensitivity through a broader network of selenoproteins and antioxidant defense systems. This discovery expands our understanding of ferroptosis regulation and has implications for cancer treatment and other diseases.
A landmark trial shows that children hospitalised with severe pneumonia can recover just as well from injectable to oral antibiotics, even with shorter treatment durations. This simple change could help millions of children worldwide get back to their families sooner and reduce pressure on busy hospitals.
Researchers from Pennington Biomedical will present findings on organoid models, GLP-1 therapies, and early-life nutrition. The center's broad research portfolio is represented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Nutrition.
A new study by University College London researchers found that people who experienced persistent money struggles in early and middle adulthood performed less well in cognitive tests at age 53. They also found worse brain health, including more brain shrinkage, in later life, particularly for men and those with childhood disadvantage.
Childhood lymphoid leukemia mortality rates vary significantly across Brazil due to socio-economic disparities. The study highlights the need for region-specific strategies to improve access to specialized pediatric oncology services and timely diagnosis.
Michigan State University researchers have created a new research tool to investigate the regenerative biology of zebrafish gut nerves. The tool allows for controlled removal and regeneration of neurons, revealing how neural networks are restored in about nine days. This could lead to better understanding of nerve repair in humans.
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease where immune system attacks melanocytes, leading to skin patches. Researchers discovered dormant pigment cells that could be reactivated using pharmacological inhibitors. This finding suggests a new approach for treating vitiligo by restoring melanocyte function and pigmentation.
Researchers used Landsat thermal infrared imagery to study river temperatures over 250 dams in the US, finding temperature differences in 71% of observations and varying impacts based on dam type and season. This new approach can help better understand freshwater ecology and water resource management.
Researchers discovered widespread age-related changes in genome regulation starting in midlife, linked to neurodegenerative diseases. A single-cell study found dramatic shifts in microglia, a type of brain's immune cells, and erosion of three-dimensional genome architecture.
A new method for the controlled cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds in alkenes has been developed using CO₂ as an oxygen donor and visible light. This process replaces traditional oxidising substances with a safer and more sustainable approach, yielding ketones and carboxylic acids.
Researchers have developed a new tool, FlatMux, that captures electrical activity from almost 200 neurons simultaneously across cortical layers and at depths up to 500 micrometers. This platform enables recordings of neurons' location and cell types, revealing how brain functions emerge from highly interconnected networks.
Researchers analyzed over 600 tumors from 544 patients and found distinct genomic signatures of DNA changes linked to different chemotherapies. These patterns appeared as early as 91 days after treatment began, allowing clinicians to track treatment-resistant tumours and potentially reduce toxic effects. The study could lead to a more ...
Researchers at Brown and U.T. Southwestern have identified a key mechanism underlying GPT2 deficiency, a rare genetic disease affecting brain development. Supplementing a metabolite called alpha-ketoglutarate may improve DNA structure and gene expression in the brain, potentially leading to new treatments.
Researchers created a virtual robot with curiosity-driven neural network and tested its performance, finding that play-like behavior and exception-handling performance helped the robot understand language faster. The study suggests a combination of curiosity and linguistic diversity is key to children's rapid language acquisition.
A modeling study reconstructs ancient language history, estimating tens of thousands of languages existed 1,000-3,000 years ago. The 'golden age' of linguistic diversity was followed by an exceptionally rapid collapse over the past two millennia.
Researchers utilized a large healthcare system biobank to identify individuals carrying rare copy number variants linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found significant value in direct phenotyping, providing practical benchmarks for implementing recall-by-genotype studies in diverse healthcare systems.
A study from the University of South Alabama found Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 4% of local UTI cases, exceeding national averages. The research identified previously unknown genetic strains and concerning patterns of antibiotic resistance.
Researchers from Universitat Rovira i Virgili develop a process to extract oil from coffee grounds, preserving biomass for other uses. The method recovers approximately 90% of the oil yield obtained by traditional techniques, while minimizing impurities.
A new study reveals widespread damage to Syria's archaeological sites due to looting and bulldozing, particularly in areas occupied by the Turkish military. The researchers used satellite imagery to analyze 200 sites across Syria, finding that 59% were affected since 2015.
A randomized controlled trial in Singapore found that self-sampling increased high-risk HPV detection and overall screening uptake among previously unscreened women. Screening uptake also increased among women with regular screening history, particularly those who chose self-sampling.
Researchers documented a previously undescribed orca behavior in the Gulf of California, where orcas hold and then ram sunfish to cause tissue fragmentation. The observed behavior may be a form of parental investment or simply entertainment, with potential benefits for the calf's nutrition.
The Paleocoordinates Calculator (PACA) tool simplifies paleogeographic reconstructions by providing high-quality palaeogeographic data for researchers and users. PACA facilitates access to paleogeographic data, promoting transparency and reproducibility in Earth sciences.
Diversion of U.S. food waste from landfills could significantly reduce climate impacts and nutrient pollution, with potential benefits including a 89-99% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a 49-54% decrease in nitrogen pollution. However, the resulting compost and organic materials may carry up to 20,000 tons of microplastics in...
Analysis of over 116,000 bird songs reveals eight fundamental acoustic motifs that underlie the diversity of passerine birdsong. Local environments play a significant role in shaping how birds communicate globally.
Researchers at Binghamton University are developing an ear probe that utilizes the unique way spiders 'hear' through their webs to detect inner-ear problems. The probe uses patented sensing technology inspired by spider silk, which can respond to sound with perfect fidelity from 1 Hz up to 50 kHz.
Researchers engineered twisted laser beams to interact with chiral molecules, distinguishing between mirror-image forms through the number of fragments produced. This simplifies detection and enhances sensitivity compared to traditional methods.
A recent study highlights the role of social relationships in knowledge sharing among farmers and proposes a new way to understand how climate-smart agricultural innovations begin. Trust, mutual support, and close relationships play a fundamental role in enabling knowledge sharing.
A Yale-led team developed a new process for removing PFAS from agricultural land at a fraction of the current remediation costs. The approach involves spreading crushed rock, which accelerates PFOS removal via plant growth, followed by biochar generation to destroy both PFAS chemicals.
A new study found that unwritten social rules in small societies play a crucial role in regulating land use and maintaining forest regeneration sustainably. The research suggests that these norms can reduce the total amount of land cleared and promote biodiversity when used in moderation.
A major international study estimates that around 43 billion days of antibiotics were needed globally in 2019 to treat bacterial infections appropriately. Many countries are using too many Watch and Reserve antibiotics, contributing to antibiotic resistance concerns.
A new study recommends reducing and reusing nappies, developing recycling technologies, and creating compostable products to tackle the plastic waste crisis. The research team identifies three system interventions that can radically reduce the environmental impact of absorbent hygiene products.
Researchers discovered a molecular link between exercise, dietary timing and liver protection against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The study found that exercise and time-restricted feeding suppress a specific signaling axis involving miR-802, PPARγ and Psmd2.
Researchers found that sperm whales blowing bubbles while asleep release air, making them less buoyant in the process. This helps them stay underwater without popping to the surface like a cork as they sleep.
Researchers discovered 171 distinct mutations causing MET exon 14 skipping in lung cancer patients. RNA-based testing confirmed these alterations, highlighting the importance of complementary diagnostic approaches.
Researchers found that materials surrounding fusion reactions can increase the frequency of fusion, particularly at low energies. The study opens a new field of 'materials-driven fusion' and could lead to more compact and efficient neutron generators with various applications.
The system addresses limitations of high numerical aperture objectives by combining a learned titanium dioxide meta-optic with a neural reconstruction network. This co-designed computational microscopy system improves imaging depth and resolves structures throughout thick biological specimens in a single shot.
A FRIB-led collaboration, including Michigan State University, has received a Genesis Mission Phase I award from the U.S. Department of Energy to develop artificial intelligence tools for heavy-ion accelerators and isotope separators. The project aims to transform how these systems are operated using physics-informed digital twins.
Researchers developed an artery-on-a-chip platform to predict ischemic stroke risk by replicating a patient's specific vascular structure and blood flow dynamics. The tool, called a 'physical twin,' reveals that three-dimensional vascular shape and local flow disturbances matter more than simple narrowing in predicting stroke risk.
Physicists have devised an innovative way to deduce the details of hidden particles at high energies by analyzing effective field theory coefficients. This approach provides a potential pathway for discovering new laws of physics and overcomes limitations of experimental research.
Researchers identified PPARs as a potential therapeutic target for primary biliary cholangitis, a rare autoimmune liver disease. Activation of PPARs reduces inflammation and promotes bile acid balance, slowing fibrosis progression.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that parents' socioeconomic status has a greater impact on their child's health than prenatal behaviors such as smoking or alcohol consumption. The study analyzed data from over 230,000 participants and found associations between socioeconomic position and 72 different child health outcomes.
Deep-diving insect larvae have developed sturdy air sacs that control their buoyancy, defying the idea of oceanic insect extinction. Their unique respiratory system uses resilin to adjust air sac volume and pH, allowing them to thrive in extreme depths.
Researchers used AI and single-cell technology to study the 3D genome in brain cells from individuals with Alzheimer's disease. They found increased compartment mingling, reduced gene activity, and altered brain cell organization. The study identifies 3D genome organization as a key layer of Alzheimer's biology.
Researchers created the first 3D nanoscale maps of human airway epithelium using advanced microscopy techniques. The detailed digital representations provide an unprecedented view of cellular organization and specialization.
Researchers found that individuals with higher modifiable risk factors, such as high blood pressure and obesity, have more widespread plaque buildup and unstable plaques prone to rupture. The study's findings highlight the importance of early intervention to control these risk factors and prevent future events.
A new study reveals human impacts have fundamentally reshaped biodiversity patterns on islands worldwide. Island endemic species account for 75% of recorded anthropogenic extinctions, while many have received introduced species that now outnumber native flora and fauna.
A Rice University research team created prostate cancer cells that can survive high-force moments in the body, a process known as mechanoresistance. The study found that a gene called CALB2 plays a key role in this ability, with increased expression linked to metastatic cancer.
Scientists have focused on a specific frequency range, known as the 'water hole,' to search for alien signals. A new study suggests that high-frequency radio telescopes could play an important role in future SETI programs and may provide an alternative avenue for detecting technological signals.
A large-scale study found that disrupted sleep and anxiety persisted after the pandemic, contributing to fatigue in people with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Experts recommend routine assessment of sleep for post-pandemic fatigue and stress prevention.
A team of researchers at Ohio State University has identified a noncoding RNA that binds to ATP, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic nanomaterials. The discovery builds on previous work and follows up with an investigation into the mechanism of how this RNA binds to ATP.
A novel Ga-assisted epitaxial strategy enhances the interfacial thermal conductance of β-Ga2O3 on diamond, resulting in improved heat dissipation. The interface's ultra-high fracture strength and phonon bridge mechanism contribute to this breakthrough.
Researchers created the most detailed map of gene regulation in human heart failure, revealing how genes are controlled in specific cell types. The study identified key shifts in cell composition, gene expression, and regulatory networks, pointing to new precision medicine therapies.
Researchers at Salk Institute create a body-wide single-cell atlas of two major epigenetic systems, revealing that cell-type-specific epigenetic features can affect disease risk. The study identifies over 1.36 million differentially methylated regions and 283,606 differential chromatin loops across the human body's cell types.
iFuture, a new academic journal, debuts at WAIC 2026, focusing on foundational AI theories and cutting-edge interdisciplinary research. The journal's supporting platform Oscholar uses AI to support scholarly communication and collaboration, aiming to become a globally recognized high-impact platform for scholarly innovation.
Researchers found that a single dose of rapamycin rapidly improved symptoms in adult mice with autism-like changes, reversing abnormal brain signaling and behavior within two hours. The study suggests the adult brain's functional circuitry, not just its physical structure, as a target for future treatment approaches.
Researchers discovered that sperm whales release gas bubbles to regulate their buoyancy while resting in a unique vertical position just below the ocean surface. This behavior allows them to counteract expanding diving gas and achieve near-neutral buoyancy.