Researchers found that during the Cambrian Period, empty mollusc shells remained uninhabited, but the first animals to colonize these habitats appeared around 460 million years ago. The study reveals that different shell shapes influenced the diversity of organisms and their growth rates.
The symposium brings together leading researchers, clinicians, and industry innovators to explore groundbreaking advances at the intersection of engineering, neuroscience, healthcare, and rehabilitation. Key findings will highlight emerging opportunities in neurotechnology and healthcare innovation.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute create a new optical fiber by freezing a liquid core in nitrogen, achieving extreme nonlinearities and optoacoustic memory. This breakthrough enables drastically reduced energy consumption for photonic computing architectures.
Researchers developed a hollow CdS@polydopamine nanoreactor that integrates biomimetic features, enabling efficient H2O2 synthesis under visible-light illumination. The nanoreactor overcomes kinetic mismatch between oxygen reduction and water oxidation half-reactions.
Researchers propose a new design principle for nonlocal metamaterials that precisely control vibrations and waves, enabling precise control over wave propagation and motion. The proposed technology is expected to serve as a foundational platform for next-generation vibration control and high-performance sensing technologies.
A team of researchers found that primordial black holes triggering Type Ia supernovae can explain several observed characteristics, including chemical abundance trends. The study suggests a non-zero fraction of PBH-triggered SN Ia is necessary to explain the trend in Milky Way stars.
The study introduces a graph-attention deep learning model, CBPFNet, to predict mechanochemical site selectivity and bond-resolved peak force in complex molecules. This method enables rapid screening of sustainable polymer design and biomaterials, accelerating the targeted engineering of sacrificial-bond networks.
ADIS has collected over 165TB of ocean scans worldwide, identifying over 20,000 macroplastic items and creating a global dataset and map to track plastic hotspots. The system's second generation, ADIS2.0, is autonomously recognizing floating debris and taking detailed pictures.
Research by CSU scientists found that soil organic carbon benefits crops the most during moderate water supply conditions, not extreme drought. Increasing soil organic carbon makes crops more stable and resilient from year to year.
A survey of U.S. adults found that most are unaware of the CDC's vaccine recommendations during pregnancy, with uncertainty prevailing across four vaccines and the Covid-19 vaccine. Women aged 18-49 were significantly more informed about the recommended vaccines than other age groups.
Researchers provide a framework to assess cumulative heat exposure from marine heatwaves and preceding/post-warming anomalies, revealing underestimation by historic assessments. The study finds that prolonged warm water exposure can create conditions that species may not survive.
A new study by Aston University researchers suggests that positive crowd reactions like applause and laughter can make controversial political messages more acceptable to viewers. The research found that mixed laughter and booing were particularly damaging to the message, reducing ratings compared to other conditions.
Researchers developed a new catheter-based technique to deliver medication directly to the source of severe back pain. Patients reported significant reduction in pain scores and eliminated opioid use after treatment, suggesting potential benefits for patients with refractory thoracolumbar pain.
Local policies in China's 'Livestock-Free Zones' successfully reduced local carbon emissions, but this achievement was overshadowed by a significantly larger 'policy leakage' effect. A study found that for every unit of carbon reduced locally, approximately 3.14 units of carbon emissions were displaced to neighboring regions.
A new study by McGill researchers provides detailed insights into how quitting smoking affects the human lung at the cellular level. Quitting appears to leave lasting changes in genes linked to tissue structure, immune function, and blood vessel health in some lung cells.
A geomagnetic storm highlighted weaknesses in UK infrastructure, with scientists calling for better monitoring and forecasting to protect critical systems. The May 2024 storm caused relatively minor disruption but was a one-in-13-year event, highlighting the need for improved preparedness.
A study led by Jennifer Fields found that collagen peptide supplements improved bone turnover in female runners, increasing markers of bone formation and decreasing inflammation. This pilot study suggests that four weeks of supplementation is sufficient to move biomarkers towards more favorable bone health.
USC is leading a national research team developing AI to predict turbulence, a challenge in physics and engineering that affects technologies daily. The approach could make scientific simulations faster and more accurate, enabling researchers to tackle complex problems.
A new extraction method concentrates antioxidant compounds from medicinal plants, but the resulting ingredient's safety and effectiveness depend on various factors. The researchers found that a crude herbal extract was more biologically safe than a highly enriched fraction, despite having lower antioxidant potency.
A thermal memory prototype capable of controlling heat flow has been developed by the University of Barcelona, addressing a major challenge in modern electronics. The device switches between two states with reversible thermal conductivity based on ferroelectric polarization and oxygen vacancies, enabling non-volatile thermal memory.
Researchers have found that B-cell depletion therapies exert their beneficial effect by mobilizing regulatory immune cells from the gut, which help regulate immune responses and may have a positive impact on MS course. The study suggests new possibilities for developing future therapies that harness beneficial gut immune cells.
A research team has overcome two major hurdles for photo thermal therapy, a less invasive treatment option than surgery and radiation. They created a new biodegradable protein called IDP1 that helps nanoparticles avoid immune detection, and developed an ultra-thin endoscope to deliver laser light directly into tumors.
Researchers analyzed bone and teeth samples from Petén, Guatemala, revealing maize was likely a staple in the ancient Maya diet. The study suggests maize played a significant role in both nutritional sustenance and symbolic significance for these communities.
A new review in Current Cell Science provides an overview of cancer biomarkers, their classification, discovery, and application across different cancer types. Biomarkers can flag tumor presence, identify specific cancers, and track treatment response.
A large national study found that multiple sclerosis (MS) death rates vary significantly by age, geography, and race. The analysis, led by the Keck School of Medicine of USC, also found that co-occurring conditions, including high blood pressure and cardiac arrest, were linked to increased mortality among people with MS.
A study found that a TERT genetic variant may reduce the risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma, but be associated with worse outcomes in cancer patients. The variant was linked to improved overall survival rates before diagnosis, but poorer survival rates after diagnosis.
A KAIST research team has developed a non-contact, non-destructive method to measure minute variations in battery electrode thickness, improving battery safety and quality by identifying invisible defects during manufacturing. The technology combines terahertz waves with an optical frequency comb for ultra-precise measurements.
Researchers discovered that lithium ions move through cooperative rearrangement of 'ion cages' formed by surrounding anions, not the previously proposed paddle-wheel mechanism. This finding provides new guidelines for designing safe and high-performance solid electrolytes.
A field and laboratory study in Yunnan, China, shows that substituting 15% of mineral nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure can accelerate soil nitrogen cycling while reducing emissions of a powerful greenhouse gas. Organic manure substitution does more than simply reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer applied.
A study published in Neurology Open Access found that Black people with multiple sclerosis (MS) die from the disease at a younger age than white people. The study also found an increasing trend of deaths related to high blood pressure among both groups, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to control this risk factor.
Researchers found that higher spikelet production efficiency (SPE) varieties produced more spikelets per panicle, leading to greater grain yield and harvest index. This suggests a more efficient conversion of vegetative biomass into reproductive sink capacity, improving the rice plant's overall carbon economy.
A new compact ionospheric model reduces unknown parameters while retaining ionospheric correction, strengthening ambiguity estimation and supporting earlier reliable fixing. Tests show faster initialization, higher ambiguity-fixing success rates, and improved positioning accuracy over medium-to-long baselines.
A new study by Swansea University reveals upstream river management as the primary driver of the Mesopotamian Marshes' health, not local rainfall. The findings highlight the need for international cooperation to ensure sufficient water reaches the marshes during periods of drought.
Researchers successfully sent entangled photons through a 24.4-kilometer fiber-optic cable while carrying high-capacity internet traffic. The quantum signals remained intact, preserving entanglement with over 94% fidelity.
Cevostamab, a bispecific antibody targeting FcRH5, showed promise in treating multiple myeloma, with over 40% of patients experiencing cancer reduction. The fixed-duration approach provided a break from treatment for patients, reducing serious infections and adverse events.
Researchers identified a long non-coding RNA, lnc87821, that negatively regulates CsJAZ2 to modulate salt and alkali stress responses in tea plants. This regulatory module reveals how tea plants respond to unfavorable soils, providing a new molecular entry point for understanding adaptation and breeding for stronger resistance.
A team of researchers at Kyoto University found that traveling waves in rat brains are linked to information transfer in consciousness, but the amount of transfer entropy is higher during anesthesia than wakefulness. The study suggests that the awake brain selectively regulates information for reliable communication.
The new textbook, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry: A Case-Based Approach, advances the field by using real patient cases to examine brain-based disorders in young patients. It includes contributions from 142 authors across three countries and 19 U.S. states, reflecting a broader collaboration.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered an RNA-based survival strategy that enables bacteria to tolerate antibiotics. The findings provide new insights into how persistent infections develop and could inform strategies to improve antibiotic effectiveness. Antibiotic tolerance allows bacteria to survive treatment...
A Taiwan-led study shows that Mandarin-speaking learners' sounds are deeply shaped by their prior language experience, offering insights into human language learning. The findings highlight how language experience influences both speech perception and production, and demonstrate a selective connection between hearing and speaking.
A review of nearly two decades of global research on farm biosecurity finds that educating farmers alone often falls short. Interventions addressing incentives, social norms, and practical barriers are crucial to motivating action. The study also highlights the importance of understanding human behavior in achieving better biosecurity.
Three studies found racial, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities continue to influence stroke treatment and outcomes, with Black patients more likely to face unequal access to endovascular thrombectomy and hemorrhagic stroke mortality. Targeted interventions are needed to address inequities in stroke prevention, treatment, and acc...
Researchers have uncovered the first high-resolution structure of NBCn2, a brain protein linked to epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and other neurological conditions. The team developed compounds capable of inhibiting its activity, which may help advance therapeutic research for these disorders.
A new teaching approach, translingual yarning pedagogy (TYP), combines storytelling, shared learning, and translanguaging to incorporate Aboriginal languages into classrooms. This flexible approach has been found to increase children's active participation and confidence in language learning.
A new study designs and computationally validates genetic markers for type 2 diabetes risk, using bioinformatics tools to create PCR primers that could support low-cost genetic screening. The approach is a proof-of-concept, flagging the presence of gene regions associated with reported diabetes variants.
A systematic review and meta-analysis published in Neurology found that plasma exchange can help treat people with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), a rare inflammatory disorder. The procedure led to excellent recovery rates for most patients, especially those with optic neuritis, and side effects...
The new guidelines focus on referral and assessment, treatment, relapse and re-evaluation, and possible endovascular interventions. Regular follow-up and monitoring should be based on symptoms, clinical findings, and acute phase markers.
Scientists have discovered that record-high Arctic stratospheric ozone levels observed in March 2024 were caused by exceptionally strong planetary waves, El Niño, and other large-scale climate oscillations. The study's findings highlight the growing importance of atmospheric dynamics in controlling Arctic ozone variability.
Researchers identified unique antibody signatures against viruses and bacteria in nearly 2,000 blood samples collected over a decade, showing immune system changes years before diagnosis. The study supports the theory of molecular mimicry and provides an important framework for understanding IBD's earliest stages.
Researchers used advanced 3D genome mapping technology to study prostate cancer cells and discovered a new feature of gene control networks that could help fight cancer. The study found that enhancers work cooperatively in 3D networks, with some acting as central hubs that control many genes.
A study has shown that a peptide isolated from a Brazilian frog can increase the shelf life of strawberries by up to five days. The molecule preserves the fruit's firmness and chemical composition without affecting its flavor, offering a potential new approach to extend postharvest treatment.
A University of Maryland-led study analyzing Danish health records found no evidence that first medication or procedural abortion increases mental health prescription use. After five years, filling such prescriptions decreased, suggesting neither method increases risk of mental health issues.
Two Lehigh University AI projects have been selected for funding from the Department of Energy's Genesis Mission. The RIVER-AI project will improve flood- and water-level prediction, while the REACT project aims to accelerate reactor-scale fusion energy by developing an AI-enabled digital twin. These awards strengthen Lehigh University...
A study by Haohao Yu's & Faguang Hu's team reveals that anaerobic fermentation dry processing produces the strongest enrichment of flavor-related compounds in Arabica coffee beans. The researchers found that this processing method increases key non-volatile metabolites linked to aroma, flavor, acidity, body and balance.
A study of 9,036 mechanical thrombectomy procedures found that conscious sedation (CS)-dominant centers had faster door-to-recanalization times and lower in-hospital mortality compared to general anesthesia (GA)-dominant centers. However, the benefits of CS were only observed at centers where it was routinely used.
A five-year field study reveals that biochar-amended green roof modules consistently exhibit significantly greater methane uptake than controls across all seasons. Biochar's influence on substrate moisture and water vapor flux enhances methane absorption by creating favorable aerobic microsites for methane-oxidizing microbes.
The PPPL-led project will use AI to autonomously operate high-power gyrotrons, a crucial method for heating plasma in fusion systems. Researchers from multiple institutions will collaborate on this project.
A team of researchers used UAV-mounted LiDAR sensors to collect point cloud data from over 270 maize doubled haploid lines. They found that single-plant-scale estimation accuracy was superior to row-scale estimation, with higher R² values and lower RMSE values.
A study published in Science Advances found that prolactin activates a brain pathway that makes time with newborns feel rewarding rather than necessary. This rewiring of the brain's reward system helps explain how mothers' thoughts and feelings change during pregnancy and after birth.
Researchers found no correlation between SuperAgers' exceptional memory and low inherited Alzheimer's disease risk. Instead, they identified unique biological and psychosocial characteristics associated with SuperAging.