The American Chemical Society has awarded a national recognition to a prominent chemist for their groundbreaking work in medicinal chemistry. Anderson has made significant contributions to the development of statins and HIV treatments, including Zocor and Crixivan.
A new study reveals that blood levels of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), suspected carcinogens linked to cancer and developmental problems, vary significantly among racial and ethnic groups in the US. The CDC found non-Hispanic white males had the highest levels of PFCs, with age having no influence on their concentrations.
Researchers at Tohoku University discovered that adding rice bran to the diets of hypertensive rats lowered their systolic blood pressure by about 20 percent and inhibited angiotensin-1 converting enzyme. The study also found that rice bran significantly lowered levels of a marker called 8-OHdG, indicating reduced oxidative stress.
US chemical companies experienced a modest increase in sales and earnings in Q4 2005, driven primarily by the impact of hurricanes on plant closures and transportation. Sales rose 7.5% to $38.1 billion, while earnings increased 0.9% to $2.31 billion.
A special strain of soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida converts polystyrene foam into a biodegradable plastic called PHA, which can be used in medicine and disposable items. The process might also be used to convert other types of discarded plastics into PHA, reducing plastic waste.
Biobullets, tiny microcapsules that release potassium chloride, have been developed to combat zebra mussels. The new method poses little threat to other marine animals and is faster than existing methods, making it a promising solution to the ongoing problem.
Researchers found that rain gardens significantly reduced concentrations of nitrates, ammonias, phosphorous and other pollutants reaching storm drains. Design tweaks allowed bacteria in the soil to convert harmful nitrates into nitrogen gas, preventing them from entering groundwater.
Researchers genetically engineered E. coli to lack its outer protective layer, making it more vulnerable to antibiotics. Synthetic versions of natural substrates for gram-positive bacteria's membrane formation are also being developed, potentially leading to new antibiotic designs.
Researchers have identified compounds in licorice root that could potentially combat tooth decay. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these compounds as cavity-fighting agents, but they show promise for use in mouthwash or toothpaste.
A study published in Environmental Science & Technology found that sustainable agriculture practices increased crop yields by an average of 79% across four countries, with harvests of some crops like maize, potatoes, and beans rising by 100%. The practices also reduced pesticide use and increased carbon sequestration.
A new approach eliminates some steps in conventional tanning, resulting in substantial production efficiencies and a significant reduction in pollutants. The reverse process produces comparable leather with 42% less time, 54% fewer chemicals, 42% less energy, 65% less water and up to 79% fewer emissions.
Researchers have discovered a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease by combining gold nanoparticles with microwave radiation. The approach breaks up beta amyloid fibrils and reduces protein re-aggregation, offering hope for other neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's.
Researchers have developed a new system of 'self-exploding' microcapsules that can release medication without external triggers. This technology has the potential to transform how vaccines are administered, allowing for more efficient and targeted treatments.
A newly isolated compound, nostocarboline, has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cholinesterase, a brain chemical linked to Alzheimer's disease progression. Its potency is comparable to an existing cholinesterase inhibitor, and it holds promise as a potential treatment for mild to moderate forms of the disease.
Researchers have discovered new synthetic compounds that inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme involved in brain cell death. These compounds, including a melatonin metabolite, prevent NO-induced brain damage by suppressing iNOS production.
Researchers found that DMSO inhibits key enzymes in sewage treatment plants, affecting their ability to break down organic matter. This can lead to reduced treatment efficiency and increased emissions of untreated pollutants into the environment.
A new EPA rule requires manufacturers to reduce motorcycle emissions by 60% by 2010, reducing pollution by 54,000 tons and saving 12 million gallons of fuel annually. Motorcycles produce more harmful exhaust emissions per mile than cars or sports utility vehicles.
Researchers found that all-purpose floor detergents containing no phosphate are just as effective as lead-specific cleaners in removing lead from household surfaces. HUD's new guidelines will incorporate the findings, addressing concerns of 24 million US homes with significant lead levels.
Researchers analyzed sediment, soil, water, and animal tissue samples from the Katrina flood zone, finding high levels of lead and other contaminants. These findings highlight the need for cleanup measures to minimize potential health risks.
Sesame seed and wheat germ topped the list as effective in lowering cholesterol levels, while Brazil nuts and walnuts ranked lowest in phytosterols. A well-balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining good health, the researchers stress.
Catalytic converters in US vehicles emit toxic pollutants when they fail, putting public health at risk. Researchers detected these pollutants using advanced analytical techniques.
Researchers have identified potential natural compounds in foods like tea, cinnamon, and buckwheat that could help lower blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with diabetes. Cherries contain anthocyanins, which increase insulin production when tested in laboratory studies.
The red kiwi has been found to have a promising nutritional profile, making it a potential addition to the diet for its high antioxidant content and low calorie count. The fruit's vibrant red color is also attributed to the presence of anthocyanins, which have been linked to several health benefits.
The chemistry job market remains challenging due to rising costs, particularly in the wake of a record-breaking hurricane season that has battered refineries in the Gulf Coast region. Despite this, median starting salaries for chemists have increased, with bachelor's level chemists earning $32,500 and Ph.D. chemists earning $65,000.
Researchers highlight the importance of antioxidants in fighting off winter ailments. Apples contain more disease-fighting compounds than other varieties, while hot cocoa, chamomile tea, and cranberries may also have health benefits.
Researchers have detected pyrethroids, a common insecticide, in nearly all sediment samples from urban and suburban streams, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems. The finding highlights the need for greater monitoring and consideration of the potential effects of residential use of pyrethroids on water systems.
Researchers have developed a prototype device using trained Microplitis croceipes wasps to detect target odors, including explosives and toxic fungi. The device, called Wasp Hound, can be used for various applications, such as detecting plant diseases, chemical odors associated with human diseases, and hidden bodies.
A DNA vaccine could be a powerful tool to combat the 'bird flu' pandemic, potentially produced in as little as two or three weeks. The technique is largely untested in humans, but it might help slow the spread of the disease if enough conventional vaccines aren't available.
A study by Louisiana State University researchers has found that Katrina floodwaters were not as toxic as previously thought, but still contained high levels of certain metals and bacteria. The findings suggest that while the floodwaters posed some risks to human health, they were not the chemical catastrophe initially predicted.
The Columbia battery, introduced in 1896, marked a significant step in transforming batteries from industrial products to consumer goods. Its technology served as the basis for all dry cell batteries for sixty years.
Researchers found that exposing egg cells to nitric oxide can slow the hardening of their outer shells and increase the release of cortical granules, potentially extending their fertilizable time window. This could lead to improved fertility in women and reduce the risk of chromosomal abnormalities during early embryonic development.
Emerging technologies aim to quickly and accurately detect weapons of mass destruction, saving lives and preventing attacks. Advances in sensors, radio waves, and analytical systems are being explored.
A team of researchers developed a tracer molecule to highlight beta-amyloid in PET brain scans, aiming to diagnose Alzheimer's disease earlier. PET biomarkers could also evaluate the effects of drugs on the brain, potentially improving treatment outcomes for neurodegenerative conditions.
Researchers developed a nanoscale optical biosensor to detect amyloid ?-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), tiny proteins accumulating in brain tissue of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The findings may enable early diagnosis of the condition, currently only possible after death.
Researchers explored commercially important ingredients and delivery technologies in a symposium on cosmetic nanotechnology. Novel formulations, such as synthetic nanocarriers that encapsulate Vitamin E, were presented to improve skin and hair care products.
Invasive plant species infest US public land, costing Americans $34.7 billion annually. Researchers will discuss control strategies using online data and Exotic Plant Management Teams.
Researchers at Children's National Medical Center discovered a non-toxic chemical compound OGT2378 that blocks ganglioside production, suppressing tumor growth and immune system suppression. The study found tumors in treated mice to be significantly smaller than those in untreated mice.
Experts discuss scientific and regulatory aspects of sports doping, including 'gene doping' that uses genetic elements to enhance athletic performance. The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency is also highlighted as a key player in fighting sports doping through testing, education, and research.
Researchers explore specific tobacco cancer biochemistry and epidemiology, shedding light on why some smokers develop lung cancer while others do not. Key findings include the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in forming lesions that lead to gene mutations.
New antibiotics mimic bacterial cell wall components to deactivate key defense mechanism, potentially effective against vancomycin-resistant MRSA and other bacterial strains. More studies needed to verify mechanism and determine its potential as a new line of defense against antibiotic resistance.
Researchers have created new stain-resistant coatings that use novel short-chain fluorocarbons, reducing the environmental impact of PFOA. The compounds perform as well as conventional coatings and have been filed for patent, offering a potential solution to reduce PFOA in environments.
Researchers have discovered that red hair pigment produces more damaging compounds when exposed to sunlight, increasing the risk of skin cancer. A new topical lotion has also been developed, using a natural protein to repair DNA damage in skin cells.
Researchers have developed a permanent solution to fogging on glass, eliminating the need for constant reapplication. The coating remains stable over time and can be applied to various surfaces, making it suitable for use in eyeglasses, camera lenses, and more.
Researchers have identified two novel compound classes that target the ryanodine receptor in insects, offering a promising alternative to older, less-selective insecticides. These compounds, developed by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd. and Bayer CropScience AG, show high potency and mammalian safety against pest insects.
A recent study by the University of Scranton found that coffee provides more antioxidants than any other dietary source in the US. The study analyzed over 100 food items and found that both caffeinated and decaf versions of coffee have similar antioxidant levels, making it the number one source of antioxidants.
Thomas Kucera, a renowned chemist and advocate for disability rights, will receive the ACS Committee on Chemists with Disabilities' Lifetime Achievement Award. He was the first editor of a landmark publication on teaching chemistry to students with disabilities.
The ACS Scholars Program has reached its 10-year milestone, providing financial support to over 1,600 minority students pursuing degrees in chemistry and related disciplines. The program aims to diversify chemical fields in academia and the workforce, with a focus on African American, Hispanic/Latino, and American Indian students.
The ACS Honors 2005 Heroes of Chemistry, who developed treatments for psychosis, myeloid leukemia, and dental disease. They also created cleaner gasoline and materials for smaller computer chips.
Researchers found a significant difference in POP concentrations between grizzlies with and without a steady diet of salmon. The study suggests that the reproductive window of these bears may be vulnerable to health impacts due to the high contaminant levels.
The American Chemical Society's annual employment survey reveals that median salaries for US chemists have increased by 4-5% across all levels. Notably, there has been a dramatic shift towards biologically-related jobs among chemists over the past two decades.