Scientists studied magma chamber pressure changes following a massive lava-dome collapse on Montserrat, finding an unprecedented increase in pressure. Another study revealed a simplified model of rock fracture dissolution, which predicts a power-law distribution of channel lengths. Additionally, researchers explored aerosol transport a...
Mangroves are a significant source of dissolved organic carbon in the ocean, accounting for nearly triple the estimated amount previously thought to be released from smaller-scale estimates. The mangrove root system slows down the release of carbon-rich leaf litter into shallow sediment, where it is then leached into coastal waters.
Researchers have identified two large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica, which may harbor exotic ecosystems. Additionally, a study found that global sea levels likely rose by 195 millimeters between 1870 and 2004, with a rate of 1.7 +/- 0.3 mm/year.
The Times-Picayune won a special award for its consistently excellent coverage of scientific research on the vulnerability of New Orleans to hurricanes and other environmental impacts. Michelle Nijhuis, writing for High Country News, won the Walter Sullivan Award for her three-part series on global warming in the West.
Research highlights the impact of aerosols on ocean temperature, with manmade aerosols delaying warming by several decades. Ship emissions also make clouds brighter and higher near European harbors.
Research on Martian aurorae reveals localized ultraviolet emissions near magnetic field lines. Air pollution reduction could exacerbate global warming due to increased solar radiation scattering. A new study detects potential oilfield brine leaks in Nueces Bay, Texas, using sediment resistivity and radium isotope analysis.
Researchers studied hurricane-force wind estimation using synthetic aperture radar and found a newly-developed model outperforms previous methods. Additionally, weakened thermohaline circulation led to increased snow cover over Europe due to reduced atmospheric circulation and changed climate influences. The Arctic Ocean's change also ...
Climate scientists highlight human impact on temperature extremes, while researchers develop a new method to predict catastrophic earthquakes. Meanwhile, hurricane intensification may be linked to eyewall precipitation patterns.
Researchers find strong water vapor feedback contributing to warming in Central and Northeastern Europe. The study shows that manmade greenhouse gases are responsible for a smaller portion of the warming, while rising cloudiness and evapotranspiration play a larger role.
A new transmission system using phased array technology could improve planetary radar and spacecraft communication efficiency, enabling more data to be collected from science spacecraft. The system's low power consumption and lack of moving parts make it a cost-effective alternative to current systems.
Researchers suggest that high winds over rough terrain can generate acoustic waves that heat the atmosphere at prodigious rates. These waves could account for mysterious 'hotspots' observed above the Andes and Rocky Mountains.
Researchers found sea surface height to be a reliable indicator of long-term climate cycles like El Niño. A hydrophone-based system could potentially detect tsunamis by analyzing pressure fluctuations. However, the lack of comprehensive glacier inventories limits understanding of sea level rise connections.
The Galveston 1900 Hurricane is a devastating event studied in a chapter by Robert Simpson, a renowned expert on severe weather. The hurricane led to the development of the Saffir-Simpson scale for classifying potential damage from hurricanes.
Research suggests climate change will lead to decreased air quality in Texas and the western U.S., while the Midwest is predicted to receive more rain, which could help reduce ozone levels. Satellite data also reveals the temperature of Earth's ring current, with plasma ion temperatures consistent with in situ measurements.
A study in western Alaska found that vegetation growth, particularly shrubs, interacts with snow to affect Earth's albedo and alter the winter energy balance of the Arctic. This could lead to accelerated warming and changes in the region's carbon budget, with implications for the rest of the world.
Research found that coral and rock reefs offshore played a key role in shaping the severity of tsunami inundation. Healthy coral reefs in the Maldives islands may have contributed to their narrow escape from destruction.
Scientists discovered a consistent relationship between lightning strikes and ice content in clouds, supporting previous physics assumptions. In contrast, dense solar winds sometimes weaken auroral electrojets by compressing the magnetosphere.
According to a survey of 180 Ph.D. recipients in Earth and space sciences, the vast majority (87%) found work in their field, earning commensurate or slightly higher salaries than in 2001 and 2002. Most graduates were employed in academia, with positive attitudes towards their employment situation and challenging yet relevant work.
Researchers reassess the Hayward fault threat to San Francisco, predict space weather by watching the Sun, and discover a rock-solid source for Martian methane. A large shaking vehicle study found the Hayward fault is angled at 70 degrees to the east, potentially leading to unexpected earthquakes.
Scientists have discovered eerie-sounding radio emissions from Saturn's auroras using Cassini spacecraft data. The study provides high-resolution measurements allowing audio recordings of the radio waves, offering clues about the source of the emissions.
Researchers uncover a previously unknown ecosystem beneath the Antarctic ice shelf, featuring a thriving clam community and methane-driven chemical life. The discovery provides valuable insights into the dynamics of inhospitable sub-ice settings and may lead to further exploration of remote undersea environments.
Researchers used ocean sound waves to track the Indian Ocean tsunami quake's movement, revealing a slower speed than expected. A new model for raindrop formation may improve understanding of Earth's climate and cloud formation.
Researchers found that warmer air could increase Antarctic sea ice volume by suppressing ice below sea level and refreezing as thicker ice. This counterintuitive phenomenon is driven by thermohaline circulation, impacting global climate patterns.
Researchers found that volcanic aerosol particles and sulfuric acid reduce methane production in wetlands, leading to a cooling effect. This mechanism may have played a role in past climate changes, with potential impacts on modern Earth's atmosphere.
Researchers studied the La Jolla submarine canyon's effect on ocean waves, finding that up to 60% of wave energy was reflected back into the open ocean. Another study tracked sulfur hexafluoride through the Denmark Strait to understand its role in driving global climate.
The American Geophysical Union issues a position statement warning that NASA's commitment to innovative Earth and space science programs is under threat due to new financial demands. This could lead to decimated effective programs and degraded capabilities in weather forecasting, search and rescue, and life and property protection.
Scientists discovered complex deformation in a subduction zone near Japan, while studying the effects of land water storage on global mean sea level over the past half century. Researchers also found a link between the ionosphere's plasma rise and depletion, and discovered that Siberian peatlands release copious carbon as they thaw
Scientists have found that strain is rapidly accumulating within a specific area south of the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles, primarily in the San Gabriel and San Fernando Valleys. The study suggests that the Puente Hills Fault and nearby faults may be more likely to break than others, increasing the risk of earthquakes.
A new study maps global wind speeds to identify regions suitable for wind farms, finding consistent winds in the Great Lakes region and along coastal areas. The research suggests that harnessing a fraction of this energy could meet the world's electricity demands, but practical barriers remain.
New research models long-term climate cycles like El Nino, finds molten rock makes big earthquakes bigger, and sheds light on Yellowstone's volcanic activity. A computer simulation produced El Nino-like climate cycles, while another study found that melted rock accelerates plate movement during earthquakes.
Researchers have discovered five giant impact basins on Mars that lie along a great circle, indicating that asteroids collided with the planet's equator. The finds suggest that running water likely existed in the region before surface water diminished, which is crucial for future manned missions to Mars.
Researchers reassess Martian landslides using recent images and propose alternative gravity-driven explanation. Ocean color tracking reveals 50-year dataset for phytoplankton abundance estimation. Aerosol concentrations in China's atmosphere reduce daily surface solar radiation since 1961, according to Geophysical Research Letters papers.
Researchers found that volcanic eruptions produce a relatively short atmospheric response with no discernible effects from the volcanic events afterward. Additionally, analysis using climate models suggests that the North Atlantic Oscillation may intensify with further increases in greenhouse gas concentrations.
Researchers estimate that up to 35.5 million people in the northern Caribbean are at risk due to tsunamis triggered by movement along the North American and Caribbean plate boundary. The region has experienced several devastating tsunamis in the past, including those in 1692, 1780, and 1946.
Researchers improved hurricane prediction using high-resolution general circulation models, predicting the course of four storms with increased accuracy. A new study found that solar emissions likely control Jupiter's X-ray emissions, providing a potential proxy for monitoring flares invisible to space weather satellites.
Tim Appenzeller wins AGU's Sullivan Award for his article 'The Case of the Missing Carbon', while Jeffrey Kluger receives the Perlman Award for 'Secrets of the Rings'. Both articles are praised for their scientific accuracy, clarity and engaging storytelling.
Researchers resolve global atmospheric circulation and cumulus convection issues using new modeling approaches. Volcanologists examine relationships between magma movement and fault orientation to better understand earthquake locations. Coral analysis reveals correlation between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature changes and El Nino ...
The Global Seismographic Network can track seismic signals in real-time, allowing researchers to compile and interpret information about potential hazards sooner. The network's unparalleled detail enables scientists to quickly determine the magnitude and location of an event in near real-time.
Researchers suggest harnessing atmospheric interactions similar to Earth's surface temperature warming trends to create a biologically hospitable environment on Mars. Introducing man-made greenhouse gases, such as fluorine-based compounds, could melt carbon dioxide and ice on the planet, potentially reviving dormant life.
Researchers have developed a system to detect landmines using sound waves, while also studying the water-absorbing properties of aged soot and its potential impact on climate models. Additionally, scientists have made new discoveries about natural lightning, including X-ray emissions during thunderstorms.
Researchers find steady increase in Arctic river discharges since the 1960s, with annual rate of increase being 8.73 cubic kilometers per year. Human activity plays a major role in this trend, which is expected to intensify the global hydrological cycle.
Researchers observed a Transient Ionospheric Glow Emission in Red (TIGER) event in the Indian Ocean, defying known luminous events. The event's unusual characteristics suggest an extraterrestrial origin, with no clear explanation for its cause.
Researchers have made significant advancements in understanding Earth systems using highly detailed GPS observations. A new technique has improved the accuracy of GPS data by correcting for a time lag built into current satellite systems, allowing for more accurate measurement of dynamic ground motion. Additionally, studies have reveal...
Scientists study hydrogen's effect on upper mantle melting, revealing new data for improving earthquake hazard estimates. A computing technique analyzes seismic data to monitor active volcanoes worldwide. Comets may help track solar ejections and heliospheric conditions.
Research papers in Geophysical Research Letters highlight advancements in measuring ocean conveyor belt circulation, tracing large-scale pollution from space, analyzing the energy of strong thunderstorms, and improving space weather predictions using recent satellite data.
Researchers have made significant discoveries about the impact of human activities on the environment. A new study used satellite observations to estimate nitrogen oxide emissions from ships, which contribute approximately 23 gigagrams per year into the troposphere. Additionally, a seismic analysis technique has provided unprecedented ...
Researchers found that El Nino climate changes contribute to Antarctic cooling through atmospheric circulation shifts. Deep-sea islands stir and fertilize the upper ocean by mixing cold waters with the surface layer, while Siberian forest fires produced hazardous air pollution in western North America.
Research reveals high charges in cloud drops may influence precipitation and study suggests Arctic clouds' structure affects global warming. A new model also proposes ancient snowfall as a source of water for Mars' channels near Tharsis.
Researchers analyze daily temperature ranges to explain global warming trends. A new seismic model reveals the cause of New Zealand's volcanism by tracking magma movement. Small robotic aircraft can now patrol the ocean, providing high-resolution oceanographic observations.
Scientists have discovered a unique bi-modal distribution of particles in noctilucent clouds, which may be caused by atmospheric gravity and tidal waves. The San Andreas Fault Observatory project aims to drill into the fault zone to better understand earthquake generation and faulting processes.