Early cotton planting requires irrigation
Researchers found that early cotton planting boosts yield only with irrigation. In non-irrigated plots, early planting resulted in decreased production, even experiencing a 13% decline in yield one year.
American Society of Agronomy
ASA, CSSA and SSSA present scholarships and fellowships
The American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) are presenting various scholarships and fellowships to students pursuing careers in agronomy and plant sciences. The scholarships include the Hank Beachell Future Leader Scholarship, United Soybean Board Fellowship...
Restoring coastal wetlands? Check the soil
Scientists studied soil moisture, porewater salinity, and hydrological relationships in a historically freshwater floodplain forest to develop restoration plans. They found that conditions in the vadose zone are crucial for seedling survival in coastal floodplain ecosystems.
Teaching communication and information literacy skills
A collaboration between Iowa State University's Horticulture, Library, and English departments resulted in improved student outcomes. Students valued the input from faculty and enjoyed interacting with them at poster sessions.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateAug 30, 2010
Arsenic in field runoff linked to poultry litter
Researchers found that fields amended with poultry litter can accumulate significant levels of arsenic, which can then migrate into nearby streams and rivers. The study highlights the importance of controlling point sources of arsenic and suggests management practices to protect local regions from agricultural pollutants.
US greenhouse gas emissions and capture, regionally
A new report by the American Society of Agronomy highlights the role of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions and capture. The study finds that adopting conservation agricultural systems can increase carbon sequestration and reduce GHG emissions. However, knowledge gaps remain in understanding the effectiveness of these practices.
Forest fires help power the nitrogen cycle
Recent research found that forest fires stimulate the conversion of ammonia to nitrates, a crucial step in the nitrogen cycle. This process is triggered by charcoal deposition and can continue well after the fire has passed, benefiting coniferous forests in the inland Northwestern US.
Greenhouse gas calculator connects farming practices with carbon credits
The Farming Systems Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator helps farmers maximize their potential economic returns in greenhouse gas markets. By changing farming practices, users can reduce greenhouse gas losses and gain an economic advantage.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateAug 9, 2010
The real urban jungle
The new book 'Urban Ecosystem Ecology' aims to understand the complexities of urban ecosystems and provide solutions for managing their environmental impacts. The book covers topics such as wildlife, water quality, air quality, and climate change, and offers practical guidance on green infrastructure planning and urban forestry.
Students get a feel for soil-water relationships
A simple and inexpensive demonstration of soil water retention and field capacity helps students visualize and understand these concepts. The demonstration uses PVC rings, a trashcan, and a scale, illustrating the influence of soil texture, structure, and depth to the water table on soil water content.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateAug 2, 2010
Is biochar the answer for ag?
A long-term study found that biochar can reduce nitrous oxide emissions by up to 73% and ammonium leaching by up to 94%, with reductions occurring over time due to 'ageing' of the biochars in soil. The research highlights the potential of biochar as a tool to mitigate climate change.
NASA satellite improves pollution monitoring
The study reveals that incorporating NASA products into the BASINS model significantly improves water quality model performance. By capturing the effects of water flow during storm periods, the NASA data systems provide a more accurate representation of non-point pollution and improve estimates of water quality.
Online learning supplements watershed program
Researchers found that online learning modules increased participant understanding of key concepts by 30% and retention rates remained high after two months. Participants valued the supplement to hands-on classes, but preferred face-to-face interaction with experts.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateJul 12, 2010
Yield projections for switchgrass as a biofuel crop
A study compiled field studies across the US to identify influences on biomass yield of switchgrass. Lowland and upland switchgrass types showed varying yields, with annual averages of 12.9 metric tons per hectare for lowland and 8.7 metric tons for upland ecotypes.
Can one-time tillage improve no-till?
A five-year study found that one-time tillage did not negatively impact grain yield or soil structure in no-till crops. However, it may help manage perennial weeds and reduce phosphorus stratification. The researchers concluded that tilling should only be done to address specific problems, as it increases erosion risk.
Scientists question EPA estimates of greenhouse gas emissions
A team of scientists from the University of Missouri reviewed EPA greenhouse gas emission estimates for agricultural anaerobic lagoons, finding errors and potential underestimates by up to 65%. The study suggests that some manure storage facilities may exceed current reporting requirements.
Compost filter socks improve runoff from croplands
A two-year field study found that compost filter socks reduced sediment concentration by 49% in runoff from tilled fields, but had no effect on no-till fields. The filter socks also decreased herbicide alachlor and glyphosate concentrations by 18% and 5%, respectively.
Increasing potato production
Researchers found that improving soil structure was a significant variable contributing to positive potato yield. Supplementing traditional soil sampling with spectral measurement provided detailed insights into how the potato crop interacts with its environment.
Fescue toxicosis and management
Tall fescue toxicosis is a costly disorder affecting forage-livestock agriculture, with no cure but proven management techniques available. The new guidebook covers management strategies such as endophyte testing and supplement feeding to lessen the impact of toxicosis.
Tracking phosphorus runoff from livestock manure
A team of scientists has developed an application of rare earth elements to control and track phosphorus runoff from soils receiving livestock manure. The method reduces phosphorus solubility and can be used to label and track soil erosion and sedimentation during storm events.
Does pasture irrigation increase groundwater contamination?
Researchers in New Zealand studied transport of microbes from cow pastures into groundwater supplies and found little to no transport due to spray irrigation application. Spray irrigation was shown to significantly reduce the risk of microbial contamination of groundwater, contradicting previous findings on flood irrigation.
Predicting amount of oil in contaminated soils
Scientists have developed a faster technique for testing soils around oil spills, allowing for on-site analysis of petroleum contaminants in moist soil samples. The new method uses visible near infrared light with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to rapidly evaluate soils for oil contamination.
Perceptions of forestry students change through years of study
A Brazilian study finds that forestry students' concerns change as they progress through their studies, suggesting ways to improve the curriculum. Later years prioritize competency-related skills and work areas, while first years focus on conservation.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateMay 31, 2010
Straw residue helps keep nitrogen on the farm
A new study finds that adding straw residue to hairy vetch cover crops can reduce nitrogen loss into waterways. However, this method also results in reduced crop yields due to the straw's removal from the field for sale. The research suggests integrating legume cover crops with synthetic fertilizers could improve sustainability.
Cover crops reduce erosion, runoff
A three-year study found that cover crops significantly reduced erosion and runoff in maize cropping systems, with a residual effect lasting up to two years. The research suggests that burying sufficient cover crop biomass into the soil can reduce erosion rates by 40-90% lower than rough tillage.
How grazing lands influence greenhouse gas
A study examined the impact of grazing management on greenhouse gas emissions from grasslands. Native grasslands were found to be strong sinks of soil organic carbon and minor sources of methane, while seeded pastures emitted higher amounts of nitrous oxide.
Identifying federal research dollars for ag
A new book chapter by American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America highlights critical agricultural research areas receiving federal funding, including biofuel production, environmental quality, food safety, and nutrition. The chapter highlights $429 million increase in NIFA's compe...
Building a better student discussion
A new method for effective discussions involves a student facilitator who directs the discussion, rather than a leader controlling content. This approach encourages all participants to contribute, promoting equal participation and improving communication skills.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateMay 12, 2010
Large amounts of nitrogen stored beneath selected agricultural areas
A new model has estimated that large amounts of organic nitrogen are stored in the soil beneath fields in Nebraska and Maryland, where corn and soybean crops are grown. The study found that leaching accounted for most of the nitrogen lost from the soil, particularly in irrigated areas.
Reducing fossil energy use on the farm
Low-external-input cropping systems reduce energy and yield impacts compared to conventional corn and soybean rotation. Manure application decreases fossil fuel energy costs without significantly increasing labor inputs.
How grass buffers keep agricultural herbicides at bay
Research found that grass and tree buffer strips decrease surface water runoff while increasing subsurface infiltration, resulting in an overall loss of herbicides before reaching bodies of water. Total export of herbicides was reduced through the use of these barriers.
Bringing the world of agriculture to the classroom
A new approach to teaching agriculture in the classroom uses case studies to motivate students and inspire changes in attitude. The study found that engaging students with real-world examples improved their understanding and presentation skills, but some felt that more time was needed for discussions and activities.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateApr 12, 2010
Energy crops impact environmental quality
Growing energy crops like warm season grasses and short-rotation woody crops can promote long-term carbon sequestration and provide biofuel feedstock. Removing crop residues from fields, however, can lead to soil erosion, water pollution, and reduced nutrient cycling.
Measuring the stability of organic waste
Researchers developed a method to measure the stability of organic waste using respiration indices, which can predict biodegradable content and facilitate efficient treatment facility design. The study applies this methodology to various types of organic wastes, including food and garden waste, municipal solid waste, and sludge.
Learning about riparian areas from photographs
Scientists use repeat photography to study riparian areas, demonstrating the effectiveness of experiential learning in understanding spatial and temporal variability. Participants found that using photographs enhanced their understanding of these concepts, especially climate change impacts.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateMar 22, 2010
The effect of landscape position on biomass crop yield
This study investigates the impact of landscape position on biomass crop yield, finding that summit positions produce higher yields than flat areas. Corn stover yield is positively influenced by terrain slope, nitrogen, and soil darkness profile.
Sources of pollution in waterways
A recent study found that stormwater runoff is the primary source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants in the New York/New Jersey Harbor. The study estimated that stormwater runoff contributes about half of the total PAH load to the harbor. The researchers also identified gaps in data, particularly for stormwater runoff ...
Iowa Congressman Tom Latham receives Champion of Agronomy Award
Congressman Tom Latham received the 2010 Champion of Agronomy Award from the American Society of Agronomy for his strong support of agriculture and conservation. The award recognizes his commitment to advancing agricultural research and development, essential for America's farmers and ranchers.
Connecting science with culture
Researchers transformed an agricultural science course for Kú teachers to incorporate culturally relevant learning, improving teacher confidence and student satisfaction. The course built a community of practice among teachers, incorporating project-based learning and Hawaiian culture.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateMar 1, 2010
Mint oil production moves south
A 2-year field study found that peppermint yields and oil content are higher in Mississippi compared to other regions. Delaying the first harvest until late July promotes accumulation of menthol, a key oil ingredient.
What is the 'grand challenge' facing the future of agriculture?
The American Society of Agronomy identifies key questions and expected outcomes for achieving global food security and sustainable agriculture. The 'grand challenge' involves doubling production on existing farmland with efficient systems that prioritize resource use, biodiversity, and ecosystem health.
Where does the fluid go?
Scientists have developed a revised model to better understand the transport of fluid constituents, which has important roles in biology, physics, and chemistry. The new model contradicts widely accepted models and provides an improved analysis of combined advection and diffusion.
A mission statement for science educators
A renowned science educator, Marvin Druger, reflects on his mission to inspire students to enjoy the adventure of learning. His new book, Practical Perspectives on Science Education, offers practical tips, personal reflections, and a passion for making science education meaningful and motivational.
A review of vegetated buffer efficacy
Scientists analyzed over 300 papers to establish relationships between buffer design features and pollutant removal efficacy. The study found that buffers with trees have higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficacy than those with grasses or mixtures of grasses and trees.
Hands-on: From classroom to employment
Researchers developed a pilot program to integrate hands-on learning activities into routine lab work for undergraduate students. The program increased participants' interest in sustainable agriculture and found that farm visits were most important in making lab work meaningful.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateFeb 11, 2010
Monitoring peatland from Earth and space
Scientists develop a new technique to measure spatial patterning in peatland surfaces, enabling improved monitoring of damage caused by human activity. Airborne laser scanning instruments can detect fine-scale structures like hummocks and hollows, critical for tracking climate change.
Experiential learning teaches change and adaptation
A study by Dr. Kristyn Harms and colleagues found that experiential learning significantly impacts students' ability to manage change in agroecosystems. The study identified key factors, including hands-on activities, emotional responses, and human interactions, that contribute to behavioral change.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateDec 15, 2009
It's not just dirt!
Interactive e-lessons developed by soil science educators engage learners with active learning strategies, interactive Flash animations, and experiential activities. These lessons aim to help students and the public recognize the critical importance of soil in addressing various issues.
SourceAmerican Society of Agronomy·JournalJournal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education·DateNov 25, 2009
Switchgrass produces biomass efficiently
A USDOE and USDA study found switchgrass to produce more dry biomass per dollar cost than the other three species, making it the optimal choice for a field. The study recommends fertilizing with 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year and harvesting once per year after senescence.
Additive copper-zinc interaction affects toxic response in soybean
Researchers found that copper and zinc toxicity in soybeans is additive, with high copper inhibiting zinc adsorption and causing more extractable zinc. Soil texture also influenced the degree of toxicity, with coarse-textured soils being more susceptible.