A Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health study found that depression is a common issue among single mothers receiving welfare, with 40% reporting symptoms of clinical depression. Despite this, few receive mental health treatment, which may prevent them from gaining employment and becoming independent.
A new study reveals that vaccinating poor children against measles significantly improves their long-term survival rates and reduces health inequities. The research found that vaccinated children from poor families were 50% less likely to die before age 5 compared to unvaccinated children.
Research found that pollutants in house dust, such as PAHs, can enhance the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on cholinesterase, a critical enzyme for nerve cell function. The study suggests that exposure to these pollutants may increase pesticide toxicity, posing health risks to humans.
Healthcare professionals who received the flu vaccine lost significantly fewer days of work due to illness compared to those who did not receive the vaccine. The vaccine also reduced the rate of influenza type A and B infections among vaccinated individuals.
A field trial in rural Nepal found that women taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements had a 40% lower risk of death from pregnancy compared to those not receiving the supplements. Vitamin A deficiency plays a critical role in maternal mortality, with rates often 50-100 times higher than in industrialized countries.
A team of researchers has shown that oltipraz, a chemopreventive agent, can alter the disposition of aflatoxin in people at high risk for liver cancer. The study establishes proof of principle that chemo-preventive agents can work by changing the metabolism of environmental carcinogens.
A large clinical trial in Uganda found that despite reductions in STDs, HIV incidence was not reduced by mass treatment. The study suggests that STDs increase the risk of HIV infections at an individual level.
A study by Johns Hopkins School of Public Health found that nearly 29% of correctional health care workers frequently or always recapped used needles, increasing their risk of bloodborne infections. Inadequate hand washing rates were also common, largely due to limited access to sinks and soap.
A seven-year national study found that white patients with chronic renal failure were three times more likely to receive cardiac catheterization and surgeries than their black counterparts. However, once blacks developed end-stage renal disease and became eligible for Medicare, the disparity narrowed greatly.
Researchers found that factors like environmental, social, and psychological influences explained why some HIV-infected gay and bisexual men had health insurance and received medical care, while others did not. Despite comparable socioeconomic backgrounds, black and white men differed in their use of healthcare services.
Research at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found no link between driver education courses and reduced motor-vehicle-related crashes or violations among teens. Instead, early licensure may increase the risk of accidents.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health discovered that administering itraconazole to HIV-positive patients with P. Marneffei infection can prevent relapse, reducing the risk by 100%. The study showed a 50% relapse rate among untreated patients compared to zero in those treated with itraconazole.
The US has achieved an all-time high in life expectancy, with a decline in infant mortality rates and teen pregnancy. Despite progress, there are still areas that require further improvement, such as preventable fatal injuries to children and low-birth-weight rates.
A study by Johns Hopkins School of Public Health found that one APOE variant can predict the age of onset for Alzheimer's disease in those predisposed. The research suggests that lifestyle choices may be protective against the disease.
A clinical trial in Uganda found that controlling sexually transmitted diseases did not lower HIV infection rates, contradicting earlier studies. Despite significant reductions in STDs, particularly among pregnant women, the study showed no effect on HIV incidence.
A study of HIV-positive African American women found that shared childhood and adult histories of abuse led to feelings of powerlessness, increased risk of HIV infection. Rehabilitation programs must address these underlying issues to encourage safer sex behaviors.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that educational interventions can cut high-risk sexual behaviors in half and more than double the regular use of condoms. The study enrolled 3,706 men and women from public health clinics and showed significant reductions in high-risk behaviors over a one-year period.
Researchers found that female drivers are involved in slightly more crashes than male drivers, with males being three times more likely to be killed in car crashes. However, the study also revealed that after age 35, female drivers were at a greater risk of a crash than their male counterparts.
Henry N. Wagner Jr, a pioneer in nuclear medicine, has been awarded the Cassen Award for his pioneering work on tracking biochemical events within the living body using cyclotron isotopes. His research led to significant discoveries in brain chemistry and addiction, while also informing public health policy on radiation.
Researchers found that poor social skills in teens signal emotional and behavioral issues, which can be diagnosed earlier than traditional indicators. The study suggests treatments focus on squelching problem behaviors rather than improving social skills.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers suggests that classroom disorder can influence aggression levels in first-graders, with high-disorder classrooms linked to increased aggression in later years. Meanwhile, girls and boys from poor communities are also at risk of becoming highly aggressive by middle school.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered that HIV depends on the moving parts of a cell's surface to enter the cell. The findings suggest that clustering transmits signals to the cell that could be important for HIV replication.
A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that daily physical activities like climbing stairs and walking increased the risk of preterm birth among low-income women. In contrast, moderate exercise was shown to lower the risk of premature delivery by up to 50%.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found a significant link between GST gene variations and breast cancer risk. The study suggests that testing for these genetic mutations may help prevent breast cancer in women with the variants by advising them to avoid certain environmental cancer risk factors.
A simplified regimen of twice-weekly isoniazid preventive therapy for six months or rifampicin and pyrazinamide for two months was found to be effective in preventing active tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals. Higher compliance with treatment was observed among those who received the shorter course of treatment.
A 1998 study predicts that global warming will increase the potential transmission of dengue fever in temperate regions. The researchers used computer models to simulate climate change and found that a relatively small temperature rise can lead to an increase in epidemic potential, allowing for more efficient virus spread.
A study of 7,422 records found that women waited an average of 110 days to receive a liver transplant, 19 days longer than men. Minority groups also faced significantly longer wait times, with foreign nationals waiting 61 days and Asian-Americans and Hispanic-Americans waiting 138 and 107 days, respectively. The study's findings highli...
Researchers identified 20 modifiable risk factors contributing to mortality in older adults, including smoking, exercise, and chronic disease severity. Improved disease and health factors could lead to longer lifespan for those over 65.
A recent study found that people with advanced degrees are more likely to experience tension headaches, particularly women with graduate school educations. The study surveyed over 13,000 people in Baltimore County, Md., and found that 38.3% met criteria for episodic tension-type headaches (ETTH) in the last year, with rates declining a...
A study of over 2,500 children born between 1960-1965 found that most have achieved success in education, lifestyle, health, and financial independence by their thirties. Living with both parents, avoiding poverty, good behavior, and participation in school activities were key predictors of successful outcomes.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health found that drawstrings on clothing can cause strangulation or dragging injuries, resulting in eight child fatalities between 1985-1994. The study recommends eliminating or modifying drawstrings to prevent these accidents.