Researchers explore how arts and sciences collaboration can lead to increased discovery and innovation. A study found that patent production is correlated with metal- and wood-working practices among STEM professionals.
PET scans reveal female brains are metabolically 3-4 years younger than males, affecting resilience to neurodegeneration. Sex differences in metabolic brain aging may influence later life outcomes.
Herbivore species lost genes related to triglyceride digestion inhibition and pancreatic enzyme secretion, enabling efficient digestion. Carnivores lost genes linked to appetite regulation, glucose production, and detoxification of plant compounds, indicating reduced gut microbial diversity.
High ambient temperatures reduce food intake, body weight, and immune response in mice infected with viral pathogens like the flu virus and Zika virus. Nutritional supplementation may enhance immune responses to emerging infectious diseases in tropical or developing countries.
African women's fertility rates declined between 1985-2010 when they were deprived of educational opportunities. However, improvements in education led to steady declines in Ghana.
Researchers discovered that froghoppers pierce leaves with their hind-leg spines to create traction, while also indenting epoxy surfaces to avoid slipping. This unique attachment mechanism could lead to innovative gripping systems for robots.
Researchers report that long-lived white cedar trees in northeastern Canada have increased water use efficiency since 1850, likely due to elevated carbon assimilation rates. However, no associated increase in growth rates was observed, suggesting that CO2 stimulation may not lead to increased carbon storage.
The study models environmental impacts of adopting Bonsucro Voluntary Sustainability Standards, finding a potential reduction in sugarcane production area and water use. By focusing on 10% of current production area, most benefits can be achieved
A new fossil discovery reveals defining characteristics of hagfish appeared before the Cretaceous period, resolving a longstanding debate on their evolutionary position. The study suggests that hagfish and lampreys form a distinct clade, implying that living jawless vertebrates may not be as primitive as initially thought.
Reef-building corals use green fluorescent protein to lure in photosynthetic symbionts. The study found that corals emit green light, which attracts Symbiodinium algae, increasing their density by 10-fold.
A study analyzing GRACE and GPS data found that ice mass loss in southwest Greenland was driven by changes in surface mass balance, rather than glacial discharge. The Greenland Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to atmospheric forcing, and this region may contribute significantly to sea level rise under continued climate warming.
Researchers found that dopamine plays a crucial role in music-evoked pleasure, with levodopa increasing motivation to purchase songs. The study used pharmacological manipulation to alter dopamine levels, revealing its impact on brain reward responses.
Researchers discovered significant differences in neural processing between self-touch and touch from others at the cortical and spinal cord levels. This finding has implications for understanding perception and social behavior, highlighting the brain's unique response to self-produced versus external tactile input.
Researchers found that male students' social connections influence leadership positions, while female students need both high network centrality and same-gender support to succeed.
A study using murine models found that a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, ZIKV-195, protects mice from Zika virus infection. The antibody targets and cross-links envelope proteins critical for viral membrane fusion.
Date palms in North Africa exhibit mixed ancestry due to hybridization with P. theophrasti from Crete, influencing 18% of their genome. Researchers sequenced genomes of 71 cultivars and five wild relatives to uncover this origin story.
Low-income students outperformed their high-income peers when given exercises to regulate negative emotions before biology tests. Emotion-regulation exercises improved exam performance and increased passing rates among low-income students.
Researchers found that liberals are more likely to publicize the achievements of minorities, including women and black individuals. The study suggests a link between political ideology and the amplification of minority accomplishments, highlighting differences in liberal and conservative Twitter posts and panel preferences.
A study reveals that winged insects likely evolved from a ground-dwelling common ancestor with long antennae and segmented abdominal appendages. The findings suggest that wings did not evolve in aquatic environments, but rather for aerial descent, as the ancestral Pterygota species returned to life on the ground.
Articles explore interdisciplinary projects on climate change, automated vehicles, and misinformation, with recommendations for responsible science communication
A study of the European gypsy moth genome found divergent proteins involved in muscle development, which may affect flight. The research also identified altered gene expression in response to viral infections, suggesting new avenues for biological control.
The Antarctic Ice Sheet has experienced a significant increase in mass loss over the past four decades, with West Antarctica being the primary contributor. The estimated rate of mass loss increased from 40 Gt/yr in the 1980s to over 250 Gt/yr in the 2010s.
A study analyzing 303 Texas salamanders found that complex aquifer hydrogeology drives population divergence and speciation. The authors predict that Edwards-Trinity Eurycea may become extinct within 100 years due to habitat loss from groundwater depletion.
Research highlights long-term cognitive deficits in children from institutions, but benefits observed with foster care; gaps persist despite intervention. Cognitive improvements seen in visual-spatial memory among placed-in-foster-care children.
Research using rodents and human participants reveals gamma band oscillations as a reliable predictor of individual pain sensitivity. This finding suggests that brain activity patterns can distinguish between varying degrees of pain tolerance across species.
Researchers discovered that levitated droplets can self-propel across a cryogenic liquid surface, gliding and oscillating without friction. The phenomenon is driven by an asymmetry between the front and back of the drop, emerging in the supporting film's thickness.
Researchers have developed a highly specific anti-Wolbachia drug candidate that could provide a safe oral treatment for worm infections in just 7 days. The new therapy has superior efficacy and favorable drug properties compared to existing options, which typically take 4-6 weeks to treat similar conditions.
Researchers found that body-camera footage led to lower intentionality ratings compared to dashboard footage in both real and staged incidents. The study suggests that body-camera footage could impact judicial decisions.
Researchers found that high ratings for engagement in worthwhile activities are associated with strong personal relationships, healthy lifestyles, sound mental and physical health. High ratings predict healthy lifestyles, increased relationships and socializing, and reduced loneliness, depression, and health issues.
Researchers discovered that individuals with epilepsy exhibit increased high-frequency brain activity in the right hemisphere when making risky bets and the left hemisphere when avoiding risks. The findings suggest a brain-based mechanism for risk-taking biases, which can be influenced by past behaviors.
Researchers developed a flexible electrode to monitor adrenal gland activity in real-time, providing potential continuous tracking of acute and chronic stress responses. This method could aid in diagnosis and treatment of stress disorders.
Researchers emphasize the need for prioritized uncertainty identification in aerosol geoengineering to address climate change. The article suggests a model-based approach with potential small-scale field experimentation once global consensus is achieved.
Researchers discovered that simulating human cooperation with machine-actors can significantly enhance human-machine interactions. The study involved over 100 volunteers and showed improved performance comparable to human-human collaborations.
Researchers identified 24 candidate genes associated with monogamy in vertebrates, including heightened expressions of those involved in neural development, synaptic activity, learning, and memory. This suggests a putative gene expression signature common to some vertebrate species.
A new study reconstructs ocean heat storage since 1871, revealing key changes in temperature history and circulation patterns. The findings suggest that up to half of mid-latitude Atlantic Ocean warming can be attributed to changes in ocean circulation since the 1950s.
Solar panels can generate significant amounts of energy on snow-covered mountains with steep tilt angles. This study suggests shifting a large fraction of electricity production from summer to winter months without compromising total annual production.
Researchers found that magnetite in Hadean zircons is likely a secondary deposit, formed after crystallization, precluding analysis of the Earth's earliest magnetic field. The presence of secondary magnetite indicates that a magnetic field may have existed during the Hadean Eon, but more evidence is needed to confirm this.
Analysis of nearly 120,000 immigrants suggests that STEM specialization develops early in life, influenced by math course preferences and language skills at immigration. This pattern is more pronounced among those with lower initial English proficiency.
The study suggests that late Proterozoic 'snowball Earth' events triggered rapid glacial erosion, transferring sediment from continents to ocean basins. This process may be linked to the formation of the Great Unconformity.
Summer surface ozone levels in China rose in four major cities between 2013 and 2017 due to decreasing particulate matter emissions. This increase can slow the natural cleanup of hydroperoxy radicals from aerosols, sparking concerns about anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions.
High research intensity relative to published global disease burden was found for influenza, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis, while paratyphoid fever had low research intensity. Certain neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and leprosy also showed high research intensity.
A high-resolution ocean current model reveals significant connectivity between mangrove regions, including trans-Pacific dispersal via archipelagos. The study also highlights the importance of viable propagule time in determining effective dispersal distance.
Researchers sequenced and analyzed the plastid genomes of two species of Balanophora, a fully parasitic mushroom-like plant, revealing a nontraditional genetic code. The discovery includes a novel stop codon TAG that encodes tryptophan, and most genes involved in protein synthesis reside outside the traditional plastid genome.
Research suggests that abdominal obesity may have evolved as a protective mechanism against infections in individuals who experienced poor fetal nutrition. This study proposes that the hallmark of obesity, visceral adipose tissue, provides immunity against abdominal infections.
Researchers developed a modified CRISPR/Cas9 system to efficiently edit the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum's gene expression. By altering histone acetylation near invasion-related genes, they increased or decreased erythrocyte invasion efficiency.
A decline in European wheat's climate resilience is reported, as analyzed from farmers' field data and trials. Wheat cultivar diversity hotspot exists in Slovakia, but deserts are found in Czechia, Germany, Italy, and Spain
Researchers surveyed 226 engineering students finding that socially isolated students received lower grades compared to those developing more friendships and collaborations. Friendships can evolve into collaborative academic relationships, improving academic success.
Research estimates that approximately 1.2% of the global population migrates every five years, resulting in up to 87 million people moving each year. Notably, around one-quarter of all migrations involve return journeys to individuals' countries of birth.
A global study analyzed 421 tree communities to understand how climate affects functional traits in forests. Climate factors like temperature variability and vapor pressure have the greatest impact on trait diversity across all species.
A study found a significant increase in dust in northern Iran around 4,200 years ago, suggesting a period of drying and relatively arid climate conditions. This event coincided with the decline of the Akkadian Empire and the abandonment of North Mesopotamian settlements.