Articles tagged with Behavior Disorders
Research on over 14,000 hospital patients and 38,000 controls found that workplace violence increases the risk of depression by 45-48% in both men and women. The magnitude of risk is directly proportional to the amount of violence experienced at work.
Researchers developed an unobtrusive activity assessment system to track daily activity patterns of elderly individuals, detecting subtle changes that may indicate early signs of dementia. The study found significant differences in walking times and variability between healthy elders and those with mild cognitive impairment.
A recent study found that toddlers exposed to cigarette smoke in utero show higher levels of behavior problems from 12 through 24 months. The research indicates an association between prenatal exposure and specific types of disruptive behavior, particularly social aspects such as aggression and refusal to follow directions.
A recent study found that apathy is a core feature of Parkinson's disease and may occur in up to 51% of patients. Apathy with no depression was also present in 29% of those with Parkinson's disease, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
A patient with a disorder of consciousness (DOAC) has made a miraculous recovery after 19 years in a minimally conscious state. The study suggests that axonal re-growth may be the key to this recovery, allowing for functions like motor control and speech to resume.
A new study by Marsha Linehan and colleagues found that women given specialized dialectical behavior therapy treatment were significantly less likely to attempt suicide. The treatment also resulted in reduced hospitalization for psychiatric reasons and improved treatment retention rates.
A study found that 45% of patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder developed neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its potential as an early detection tool. Patients who had suffered from the disorder for longer time were more likely to develop a neurodegenerative disease.
A team of researchers is developing new diagnostic tools to identify biological markers that predict brain injury in children with FASD, aiming to minimize the effects on development. Simple eye movement tasks can assess brain function and will be used to develop individualized therapeutic interventions.
Researchers found that teenage girls who engage in self-harming behaviors have lower levels of serotonin, a hormone and brain chemical, in their blood. They also have reduced levels in the parasympathetic nervous system's respiratory sinus arrhythmia, which is associated with anxiety and depression.
A new study reveals that intermittent explosive disorder (IED), a condition characterized by uncontrollable rage, is more prevalent than previously thought. The study found that IED attacks are often out of proportion to social stressors and can be linked to cases of road rage and spousal abuse.
Children born between 34-36 weeks gestation are at a significantly higher risk of developing hyperactivity disorder. Low birthweight babies, especially those weighing 1500-2499g, are also at increased risk. Risk factors include single parenthood, social and economic deprivation, and young age at parenthood.
Research suggests cognitive therapy can effectively relieve IBS symptoms with a four-session patient-administered format requiring minimal therapist contact. The treatment was found to be as effective as the standard 10-week clinic-based program in relieving GI symptoms, and cost-efficient.
A Penn State study found that perfectionist fathers can reinforce negative eating habits in their sons and daughters, which can lead to anorexia and other clinical illnesses. The researchers suggest that treating maladaptive eating disorders requires a focus on the patient's relational network, including communication with parents.
Research suggests that prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to long-lasting alterations in the ability to synchronize circadian rhythms with environmental cues. This can result in behavioral problems, such as sleep disorders, attention issues, and mood regulation difficulties. The study's findings have implications for understanding the ...
A U of MN study found that teen dieters are three times more likely to be overweight and suffer from eating disorders. Longitudinal study of over 2,000 adolescents showed dieting behaviors increase risk for obesity and disordered eating after five years.
The STEPPS program, developed by Nancee Blum and colleagues, enhances standard treatment for borderline personality disorder with group meetings focusing on self-awareness and behavioral skills. Researchers in the Netherlands report a significant reduction in hospitalization days and improved symptoms among participants.
Researchers found a common serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function variant linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The study suggests improved screening, treatment, and medication development for OCD.
Research reveals that social perception plays a significant role in gaze-following behavior among executive monkeys. Low-ranking macaques exhibit faster reaction times to follow the gaze of other monkeys, while high-ranking individuals are more blasé.
Researchers found that children with ADHD or conduct disorder display more extreme personality profiles, including aggressiveness and thrill-seeking behavior. The study suggests a strong connection between personality traits and these disorders, highlighting the importance of considering personality in initial assessments.
The 'imprinted brain hypothesis' proposes that competition between maternally and paternally expressed genes contributes to autism's development. This imbalance in the brain's development is supported by genomic imprinting components, which influence core behavioral features of autism.
The Autism Phenome Project is a large-scale, longitudinal study enrolling 1,800 children with autism, developmental delay, and typically developing children. The project aims to identify specific types of autism and develop a database of biomedical information to refine understanding and develop targeted treatments.
Research suggests that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is influenced by multiple factors, including neuroticism, introversion, and genetics. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exercise therapy have been found to be effective in managing symptoms.
A study by Utah researchers confirms that a specific region on chromosome 3 is linked to autism, with results showing strong similarities to Finnish studies. The researchers used genetic markers to analyze the DNA of 31 family members, seven of whom have autism or an autism-related disorder.
A recent study found a connection between childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders in college-age women, emphasizing the role of psychological distress and alexithymia. The research suggests that addressing these underlying emotional factors can help prevent the development of eating disorders.
A study examining genetics of successful aging identified specific genetic sequences associated with reaching old age with preserved cognitive abilities. The research also found that lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive drinking negatively impact successful aging in both men and women.
A recent study suggests that self-perceived successful aging is more important than traditional markers of health, with optimism and social involvement being key indicators. Participants rated their own aging as successful despite high rates of physical illness and disabilities.
A study of young girls referred to pediatric clinics due to alleged movement disorders found that most cases were actually normal muscle contractions during masturbation. Children can be easily distracted from these episodes, and parents should not assume harm or deviancy from the behavior.
A recent study found that low-income pregnant Latinas are at risk of early-pregnancy drinking and related effects, contrary to stereotypes. The study, which analyzed drinking behavior among 100 pregnant women, suggests that cultural values and language barriers may contribute to this risk.
Researchers at Queen's University have developed a new eye movement test to identify children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which affects approximately one percent of Canadian children. The test can cut across cultural barriers and provide objectivity in identifying the disorder, allowing for improved treatment.
A study published by the University of Vermont suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a more effective long-term treatment for SAD than light therapy. The study found that patients who received CBT showed comparable improvement to those who received light therapy, but with better long-term benefits.
Researchers found that children with bipolar disorder exhibit over-reactive amygdala responses to negative stimuli, leading to under-reactive cognitive behavior. This study highlights the need for targeted treatments and interventions for pediatric bipolar disorder.
Dr. Harris-Warrick's lab will explore flexible movements in crustaceans using dopamine and serotonin modulators, shedding light on motor circuit flexibility and homeostasis. The award honors the late Sen. Jacob K. Javits' advocacy for neurological disorder research.
A study published in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research found that children with more conduct disorder symptoms tend to have an earlier age of first drink. The study analyzed data from nine sites and found no link between family history of alcoholism and early drinking age.
A multi-center clinical trial found that an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone was effective in improving productivity, enjoyment of hobbies, and social activities among women with PMDD. The study showed that the low-dose oral contraceptive was roughly as effective as serotonin reuptake inhibitors in reducing symptoms.
Researchers found that specific brain regions are linked to inflammation and lung function in asthmatic patients. The anterior cingulate cortex and insula were found to be hyper-responsive to emotional and physiological signals, influencing symptom severity.
In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers found that monkeys overwhelmingly preferred to gamble by looking at the 'risky' target, even when it yielded smaller rewards. The neurons in the posterior cingulate cortex of the brain were found to be signaling the monkeys' subjective valuation of the target.
A recent study suggests family therapy is an effective treatment tool for children, involving parents in the process can improve outcomes. Family-based treatments like parent management training and behavioral family therapy have shown promise in reducing conduct disorders and substance abuse.
Researchers found lower mu-opioid receptor binding in the left insular cortex of women with bulimia, inversely correlated with fasting behavior. This study suggests that medications targeting brain opioid receptors may help treat bulimia, a serious eating disorder marked by destructive patterns of dieting and vomiting.
Researchers found that cocaine disrupts normal connections between brain regions, leading to impulsive behaviors. The study used rats with cocaine sensitization, who showed impaired ability to change strategies in a maze.
Research on the genetics of alcohol use has identified polymorphisms in ADH and ALDH enzymes that may explain individual differences in alcohol metabolism, as well as chromosomal regions linked to suicidal behavior, conduct disorder symptoms, and alcohol dependence. Additionally, serotonin receptor variations have been found to play a ...
A new study from the University of Washington suggests that parent training is the most effective tool in dealing with conduct disorder. The research found that interventions used for boys with similar problems can also be effective for girls, and that programs targeting parents, children, and teachers yield the best results.
Researchers identified a striking similarity in personality traits between problem gamblers and individuals with alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine dependence. Young adults with problem gambling diagnoses tended to exhibit negative emotions, impulsive behavior, and risk-taking tendencies, suggesting a common underlying profile.
A study at McGill University investigates the links between brain behavior, neurochemistry, and molecular biology in relation to mental disorders. The researchers aim to develop diagnostic tools, treatment, and prevention strategies for conditions like schizophrenia.
A study using PET scans found that cognitive behavioral therapy alters brain chemistry in patients with bulimia nervosa, particularly in regions related to feeding and reward. The results suggest a relationship between opioid receptors and bulimic behavior, potentially informing more effective treatment strategies.
Researchers found that media violence exposure may be associated with alterations in brain function, particularly in the frontal cortex, which is linked to attention and self-control. High exposure to violent media was linked to reduced activity in this area, while low exposure showed increased activity.
Researchers found significant improvement in sensory avoiding behaviors and tactile sensitivity after therapy sessions for children with ADHD. The treatment helped children better attend to lessons in noisy classrooms and participate in family activities.
Researchers found that treating sleep disturbances in epileptic children improves their epilepsy, daytime behavior, concentration, and learning capacity. The study suggests that addressing underlying sleep disorders can have a significant impact on children's cognitive abilities.
Research suggests individuals with autism spectrum disorders have a dysfunctional mirror neuron system, contributing to impairments in social interaction and communication. Biofeedback and mirror therapy may be potential treatments for high-functioning autistics.
A study of 900 participants aged 21-30 found that current daily smoking predicted subsequent suicidal thoughts or attempts. Rates of suicidal behavior were higher among those experiencing depression at each follow-up assessment.
Researchers found that lithium-based drugs restored normal courtship behavior in mutant fruit flies with Fragile X syndrome, suggesting a potential new approach to treating the condition. The study also identified metabotropic glutamate receptor hyperactivity as a key contributor to the disease's symptoms.
A study by UCLA neuroscientists found that pre motor mirror neuron areas of the brain can ascribe intentions to actions when presented within a context. This expansion of knowledge supports imitation-based treatments for autism and similar disorders, which may improve social interaction skills.
A study of 201 children found that hyperkinetic disorder is associated with a higher risk of family breakdown, with 18% of affected children being removed from their homes. The findings suggest that recognizing and treating hyperactivity in children could help prevent family disruption.
A new study suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functions as an early warning system to help recognize and avoid high-risk situations. The ACC learns to warn us of potential mistakes before difficult decisions must be made, allowing for more careful behavior.
Researchers found abnormal brain activity in individuals with autism when observing hand movements, indicating a faulty mirror-neuron system that affects social skills and empathy. This study provides insight into the neural basis of autism's social deficits.
A study of WHO database records found 93 cases of SSRIs associated with neonatal convulsions or withdrawal syndrome. Paroxetine was linked to the most cases, suggesting it may cause more severe symptoms than other SSRIs. The findings recommend careful monitoring and lower doses for paroxetine use during pregnancy.
Researchers found that shy children with high shyness-BI indexes and specific genetic variations showed smaller responses to hostile and neutral facial expressions in certain brain regions. This suggests a biased pattern of processing emotional information, which can be recognized early in life.
A researcher created a model to simulate the dynamics of heart rhythm disorders, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The model revealed that only six spiral waves are present in the heart during fibrillation, contradicting previous assumptions about its chaotic nature.
Neurology researchers have identified an area in the prefrontal cortex that controls collecting behavior, revealing a potential link to hoarding disorders. Damage to this region can lead to abnormal hoarding behavior, interfering with daily life and causing individuals to resist discarding collected items.
A recent study published at the ACNP Conference found that exposing rats to Ritalin during early development can lead to reduced ability to experience pleasure and reward, as well as depressive-like behaviors in adulthood. This raises concerns about the long-term effects of ADHD medication on normal-functioning brains.
Children and adolescents with OCD benefit from a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication, specifically sertraline. The treatment results in significant symptom reduction for 53.6% of participants. CBT alone is also effective, with 39.3% becoming nearly asymptomatic.