Articles tagged with Behavior Disorders
A team of scientists found that intrinsic disorder in relaxor crystals leads to their extreme sensitivity to mechanical pressure or voltage. This property makes them useful for applications such as medical ultrasound imaging, loudspeakers, sonar, and computer hard drives. The research was published in Nature Materials.
Researchers identified associations between genetic variants in genes controlling affiliative behaviors and social deficits in autistic children. The strongest findings implicate the prolactin gene, oxytocin receptor gene, and prolactin receptor gene.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry estimates that major mental disorders result in significant losses of human productivity, with individuals with serious mental illness earning approximately $22,545 per year. The total economic burden is attributed to lost earnings and increased likelihood of unemployment.
A multi-site consortium is gathering genetic and behavioral information about cases with only one family member having autism. The Simons Simplex Collection will create a database of genetic and behavioral information, leading to the discovery of new genetic factors that increase the risk of autism.
A study published in Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine found that US teens adopted as infants may be at a greater risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Adoptees were more likely to have contact with a mental health professional and experience disruptive behavior disorders compared to non-adopted adolescents.
A Yale University study found that individuals who used a computer-assisted training program in addition to traditional counseling stayed abstinent significantly longer. The subjects had fewer positive drug tests at the conclusion of the study.
A new study published in PLOS ONE reveals that mice and humans exhibit similar behavioral patterns, with no differences in statistics between resting periods and activity durations. This discovery has implications for the development of new treatments for depression and challenges current models of human-specific disorders.
A study of 3,546 female twins found that genetics influence the rate of progression to problem drinking and alcohol dependence. Environmental factors played a significant role in the initiation of alcohol use, while genetic factors accounted for up to 47% of the influence on women's alcohol-related problems.
Social anxiety disorder is a chronic and pernicious condition that can lead to depression and substance abuse in adulthood. Research highlights the importance of understanding its neurobiological underpinnings, including increased amygdala activity and heritable temperamental traits.
Adolescent girls with ADHD are more likely to develop body-image dissatisfaction and binge-eating behaviors, according to a new study. The study found that these girls may be at risk for eating disorders, depression, and anxiety due to impulsive behaviors.
Researchers studied child/adolescent psychopathy, finding it resembles adult version but with areas of instability that could inform interventions. The special issue examines various aspects, including genetics, temperament, and parenting styles.
Risk factors for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts are consistent across countries, with mental disorders and female gender being key contributors. The study also found that impulse control disorders and substance use disorders increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts.
A new review integrates psychological and biological theories of autism, which may help medical professionals detect conditions such as Asperger's Disorder at an earlier stage. This approach could lead to better explanations for parents worried about their child's behaviour and potentially improve remediation.
A new UCLA study found that only half of children diagnosed with ADHD exhibit cognitive defects, challenging the common method for diagnosing the disorder. The research also suggested that medication is not always effective in treating ADHD, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to address long-term problems.
Adolescent girls who frequently eat with their families are less likely to engage in disordered eating behaviors. The study found that regular family meals reduced the risk of using diet pills or laxatives among teen girls. In contrast, adolescent boys did not show a similar protective effect.
Teen girls who frequently eat meals with their families are less likely to use extreme measures to control their weight. Regular family meals may offer protective benefits for adolescent girls, reducing the risk of disordered eating behaviors.
Researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center used advanced brain-scanning technologies to detect brain areas associated with poor impulse control and negative emotion in patients with borderline personality disorder. The study found that discrete parts of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex were relatively l...
A study found that certain types of tantrums, such as self-injurious behavior and violent aggression, are associated with clinical problems like depression and ADHD. Healthy children tend to have shorter, less aggressive tantrums.
A review of research indicates that psychosocial treatments like habit-reversal training and exposure and response prevention can effectively reduce tics in people with chronic tic disorders. These behavioral methods meet evidence-based standards as successful alternatives to medication.
The study uses fMRI to show that different regions of the brain are activated when people believe, disbelieve or are uncertain about statements. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is involved in belief processing, while the limbic system's cingulate areas are engaged in disbelief.
The American College of Neuropsychopharmacology has awarded HBO's Addiction Project for its accurate and revealing portrayal of addiction. The documentary series was praised for effectively depicting the complex nature of addiction and highlighting treatment options.
Research suggests a link between brain overgrowth and the onset of autistic characteristics, with behavioral symptoms occurring at around age one. This study supports previous findings on brain development in autistic children and may indicate an opportunity for early intervention.
Researchers have developed a first-ever genetic animal model of autism, allowing for the study of abnormal brain function and potential treatments. The model mimics human autism symptoms, including social interaction deficits, while also displaying enhanced spatial learning abilities.
A new study at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology annual meeting found that psychotherapy, particularly cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, significantly reduced PTSD symptoms when administered within a month after a traumatic event. The study suggests early intervention may prevent chronic PTSD development.
A new study found that individuals with alcohol dependence and conduct disorder have a high number of sex partners, increasing their risk for unintended pregnancies, infections, and reproductive health damage. Researchers also suggested that college campuses and healthcare staff play crucial roles in addressing this issue.
A randomized controlled trial found that combining fluoxetine with cognitive behavioral therapy improved depression scores in teens with co-occurring depression and substance abuse disorders. The treatment was as effective as the antidepressant alone in treating depression among teens without substance abuse problems.
A new study found that impulsivity is a common trait among alcoholic individuals, particularly those with antisocial and borderline personality disorders. These individuals exhibited impaired inhibitory control and difficulty delaying gratification, which may impact treatment outcomes.
A mouse model for schizophrenia has been developed, allowing researchers to turn the mutated DISC-1 gene on or off at will. The study showed significant behavioral changes in male mice, including increased activity and aggression, as well as memory difficulties in females.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center created a mouse model of autism, exhibiting poor social skills but enhanced mental abilities, akin to Rain Man's character traits. The study reveals an imbalance in inhibitory brain action and suggests focusing on this aspect for treatment.
Researchers at UCLA developed a mathematical model to assess the severity and predict the consequences of Staphylococcus Aureus outbreaks in the Los Angeles County Jail. The model identified that continuous inflow of colonized individuals is the primary cause of sustained outbreaks.
A review of 32 cases finds violent behavior most frequently appears after direct provocation or close proximity, affecting 81% of sleep terror patients and 100% of confusional arousal patients. Sleepwalking episodes often follow minor provocation, with men displaying more aggressive behavior.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory propose a new model for understanding how autism is acquired, suggesting that spontaneous germ-line mutation is a significant cause. This mutation can be carried by women without severe symptoms and passed on to their children, increasing the risk of sons developing autism.
A study of twins has connected genetic factors to the link between smoking addiction and major depression. The research found a shared gene associated with conduct disorder, which increases the risk of nicotine dependence and major depression, also leading to impulsivity and other drug addictions.
A study published in the journal SLEEP found that narcoleptics have a high frequency of REM sleep without atonia, leading to abnormal muscle activity. In contrast, patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) had a higher percentage of REM sleep without atonia but lower REM density.
A new study finds that children whose mothers were exposed to second-hand smoke during pregnancy exhibit more symptoms of ADHD and conduct disorder compared to those with no prenatal exposure. The research suggests that nicotine affects brain development during pregnancy, leading to behavioral problems in children.
A recent literature review and formal classification of sleep-related disorders associated with abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences have been published. These disorders, referred to as 'sleepsex' or 'sexsomnia', can cause disturbing and embarrassing symptoms, and may lead to delays in seeking help due to fear of judgment.
A study found that adults who were close to the 9/11 disaster had increased amygdala activity in response to emotional stimuli several years later. The results suggest long-term neurobiological correlates of trauma exposure and potential vulnerability to mental health disorders.
A study by UCLA researchers found that children with autism exhibit reduced activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, a region responsible for evaluating emotions and context. This impairment affects their ability to process visual cues like eye gaze and facial expressions.
Children with a family history of autism exhibit impaired social referencing, seeking emotional cues less frequently and failing to respond consistently to adult reactions. Brain activity measurements also show differences in neural response to emotionally tagged objects.
A study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that delayed treatment of childhood-onset bipolar disorder results in longer periods of depression, more episodes, and increased substance abuse risk. Adults with untreated childhood-onset bipolar disorder experienced poorer quality of life and were less responsive to treatment.
The US Army's Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Program aims to improve treatment outcomes for individuals with ASD. The program promotes innovative research that advances understanding and leads to better treatments.
Researchers found females outperform males in using landmarks for navigation, even with blocked testosterone levels. This study provides insight into brain development and may lead to better treatments for disorders like ADHD and Alzheimer's.
Thirteen interdisciplinary research teams from UT Southwestern, UT Arlington, and UT Dallas have received grants totaling $1.3 million to pursue collaborative projects. The projects aim to stimulate efforts at the interface between biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computer science, and mathematics.
Emerging genetic research may help identify children with autism at a younger age, potentially treatable. Behavioral interventions are becoming increasingly sophisticated and effective for young children with autism.
A new protein, CADPS2, has been identified as a potential cause of autism. Research found that mice lacking this protein exhibited autistic-like characteristics, including impaired social interactions and hyperactivity.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that the Clock gene, regulating biological clocks, is involved in developing bipolar disorder in mice. The study reveals behaviors similar to humans with bipolar disorder, including hyperactivity and euphoria, which are restored by lithium treatment.
A study found no difference in the relapse rate of people with compulsive-buying disorder when taking escitalopram compared to those on a placebo, contradicting previous research findings. The results may be due to differences in biological roots among individuals with the disorder.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have developed genetic tests that may help identify individuals at risk of substance abuse and behavioral disorders. The study found differences in gene expression between people with a history of smoking and those without, suggesting potential blood tests for identifying risk factors.
Patients with Parkinson's disease who develop the condition at a younger age and have a history of alcohol abuse are more likely to experience pathological gambling as a side effect of dopamine agonist medications. Behavioral characteristics such as impulsivity and risk-taking behavior may also play a role in this increased risk.
A Mayo Clinic study found a link between dopamine agonist medications and compulsive gambling in RLS patients. The medication-induced behavior worsened with increasing doses, but was reversible when the dose was reduced or alternative medication was used.
The incidence of autism and two other childhood neuropsychiatric disorders increased significantly among Danish children between 1990 and 2004. This trend suggests a broader pattern in childhood mental illness, with the exception of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Researchers focus on preventing psychopathological symptoms in pre-school children, with 99% of unaffected children not developing disorders later in life. The study aims to improve prevention and detection of emotional and behavioral disorders among this critical age group.
Researchers found that oxytocin significantly reduced repetitive behaviors and improved social cognition in adult autism patients. Intravenous and intranasal administration showed promising results, with effects lasting up to two weeks after treatment.
A study of 188 students found that poor readers were three times more likely to consider or attempt suicide and six times more likely to drop out of school than typical readers. Researchers identified reading difficulties as an independent risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior, regardless of psychiatric conditions.
A new research project will investigate how prenatal and childhood environmental factors affect mental well-being, including exposure to maternal stress during pregnancy and childhood separation from parents.
A study of 578 children and adolescents with developmental disabilities found that behavioral and emotional problems persisted into young adulthood. The prevalence of psychopathology decreased over time, but severity remained similar across mild to severe disability levels.
Schema Therapy has been shown to be more effective than traditional Transference Focused Psychotherapy in treating Borderline Personality Disorder. The therapy achieved full recovery in about 50% of patients and significant improvement in two-thirds, with a lower dropout rate and lower cost.
A new Stanford University School Medicine study finds that nearly as many men as women experience compulsive buying disorder, which is marked by binge buying and financial hardship. The study's findings contradict the widespread belief that most compulsive buyers are women.
A pilot study by Yale School of Nursing and Child Study Center found that Parent Management Training (PMT) successfully controlled moderate to severe levels of oppositional behavior in children with TS, leading to a 51% decline in disruptive behavior. The results showed significant improvement compared to the control group.
The NIMH has launched three major clinical studies on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to better define subtypes and explore possible new treatments. Researchers will compare children with regressive, non-regressive, and other developmental disorders to investigate environmental factors that may trigger symptoms of autism.