Articles tagged with Immune System
Chronic fatigue syndrome patients' immune T cells become exhausted, a condition well-studied in cancer. Researchers now explore potential treatments to reverse this state, which may benefit ME/CFS patients.
A new study finds that fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) exposure is associated with altered immune responses and increased inflammation in pregnant women, leading to adverse birth outcomes. The study highlights the importance of minimizing air pollution exposure in pregnant women to protect maternal and fetal health.
Researchers found that immunosuppression in prostate cancer is associated with a specialised epithelial subtype. This interaction between the immune system and club-like epithelial cells can lead to treatment resistance in patients with advanced, treatment-resistant prostate cancer.
Researchers have deciphered how the beneficial fungus Serendipita indica successfully colonizes plant roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. The fungus secretes enzymes that produce a molecule called deoxyadenosine (dAdo), which activates cell death in plants, enabling colonization without causing significant harm.
A new gene-editing tool enables precise study of variable proteins that allow malaria parasites to stick to red blood cells and evade the immune system. The study introduces a platform to explore how malaria causes disease and identifies new proteins involved in the cytoadhesion process.
Brigham researchers found that intestinal infections alter bile composition to promote intestinal defense, highlighting the liver's role in defending against infection. The study identified hundreds of new bile metabolites and revealed a shift in bile function during enteric infection.
Researchers found impaired PD-1 activity can significantly reduce antibody diversity and quality in memory B cells. This may explain the increased rates of infection reported in patients with cancer receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
A comprehensive map of gene expression in the mouse intestine reveals unique regions tightly regulated by the immune system, including a region controlled by immune signals. The findings suggest resilience and adaptability of the intestine to perturbations.
Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem developed a Bayesian metamodeling technique to analyze T-cell activation, revealing intricate patterns in early signaling. The study sheds light on the molecular processes behind T-cell activation and has implications for improving treatments for various diseases.
Researchers developed a nasal vaccine combining traditional pertussis antigens with an innovative adjuvant called T-vant to boost immune response. The new vaccine was shown to prevent the bacteria's colonization in the respiratory tract, significantly curbing whooping cough spread.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered a molecular pathway involving protein BLIMP1 that generates Th2 cells in response to inhaled house dust mite, driving allergic asthma. The study also found signaling molecules IL2 and IL10 are required for BLIMP1 expression, offering new therapeutic options.
Scientists at UMC Utrecht developed a new technology to isolate and study gut bacteria recognized by IgA antibodies, which are associated with various diseases. The next-generation IgA-SEQ method allows for high-throughput identification and analysis of these immunostimulatory bacteria, shedding light on their role in health and disease.
A new study developed an innovative approach to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria by tagging them with a chimeric agent that activates the immune system towards them. This tagging technique helps the immune system recognize and eliminate elusive pathogens, offering a promising new direction for fighting drug-resistant infections.
A new study maps the gut microbiome of over 1,300 children under five years old in Ethiopia, revealing a clear link between gut bacteria composition and the duration of diarrhea. The researchers identify beneficial bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, which are lacking in children with chronic diarrhea.
A new study published in PLOS ONE suggests that air pollution exposure may be associated with an increased risk of eczema. Data from hundreds of thousands of U.S. adults found that every 10-µm/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels doubles the eczema rate among residents.
The Wyss Institute's iNodes team has been awarded an ARPA-H Sprint for Women's Health to develop implantable immune organs for treating ovarian cancer. The iNodes concept is based on the formation of lymphoid organs in tumors, which can be reprogrammed to attack cancer cells and retain a long-term immune memory.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a unique antibody that targets and delivers a drug package while activating the immune system. This '3-in-1 design' method has shown promise in treating several types of cancer by amplifying T cell effect on cancer tumors.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic have made significant progress in their novel vaccine aimed at preventing triple-negative breast cancer. The study found that the investigational vaccine was generally well-tolerated and produced an immune response in most patients, with the highest tolerated dose to date identified.
A longitudinal study found that bacteria associated with inflammation in the gut increases ten months before patients develop clinical rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers are exploring potential treatments at this early stage to prevent disease progression.
A new mechanism has been found by which tumor cells escape the immune system, involving a protein called IRGQ. Studies have shown that suppressing IRGQ can trigger a stronger immune response against cancer cells, leading to improved survival rates in liver cancer patients.
A team of researchers, including Binghamton University's Ahyeon Koh, is working on an innovative project to treat inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. The goal is to create a 'cell factory' in the body that can produce pharmaceuticals to alleviate symptoms.
Swallow populations infected with parasites exhibit altered movement patterns, including reduced home ranges and foraging activity. This can lead to decreased foraging success and increased mortality rates.
A new study suggests that a keto diet rich in ketone bodies may help alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. The diet promotes the production of indole lactic acid, which blocks the activation of immune cells responsible for these conditions.
Researchers from Texas A&M University synthesized research findings to improve medical devices and therapy success rates. The review emphasizes the need to understand macrophage cell behavior to develop targeted immunotherapy treatments.
A new study by University of Texas at Arlington researchers found that living with symbiotic algae weakens the immune system of jellyfish, making them more vulnerable to infections. This finding has important implications for coral reef conservation and human disease prevention.
Researchers tracked the long-term dynamics of transplanted stem cells in patients' bodies up to three decades post-transplant. They found that younger donors produce more vital stem cells, while older donors experience reduced immunity and higher relapse risk. The study provides new insights into donor selection and transplant success.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have discovered a new cancer mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking tumors. The discovery was made by reversing this mechanism, which stimulates the immune system to fight cancer cells, including those resistant to prevailing forms of immunotherapy.
Researchers at Terasaki Institute have developed simvastatin-loaded nanoparticles to target adipose tissue inflammation, promoting fat tissue browning and weight loss. The treatment effectively inhibits obesity-related inflammation, controlled white fat production, and demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects.
Implementing a preoperative nutrition program leads to significant reductions in hospitalization days and postoperative complications, resulting in cost savings of $7.8 million annually. The program's financial implications include reduced 'outlier days' and long-term complication rates, contributing to overall cost savings.
Immunotherapy holds promise for treating breast cancer, but its effectiveness varies. Researchers Karin de Visser, Sandra Demaria, and María Casanova-Acebes discuss advances and challenges in applying immunotherapy to this common tumor. They highlight the importance of factors like diet, biorhythms, and personalized approaches to impro...
A new study reveals that mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections can trigger immune responses in pregnant individuals, causing serious inflammatory responses in the developing fetus. The study also found that even without full infection, a pregnant individual's immunological response to infection may impact the fetus.
Scientists create a model of the human immune system in mice by transplanting cord blood cells, achieving balanced and functional immune cell populations. The new method shows lower rates of graft-versus-host disease and improved survival rates against transplanted cancer cells.
A new study found distinct changes in children with severe cases of RSV, including elevated NK cells in the airways and altered immunological function. This research may help identify new targets for future treatments.
Researchers investigate how liver necroptosis triggers inflammation in both organs, leading to cognitive impairment. Studying aging mouse models, they found that liver necroptosis causes systemic inflammation affecting brain function.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified ZNF750 as a key player in controlling inflammation, shedding light on susceptibility to inflammatory skin diseases. The study paves the way for more effective therapies and broader insights into molecular biology of skin cells.
A new trial suggests that adding immunotherapy to chemoradiation can extend survival in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer. However, the findings also indicate that delivering the treatments at different times yields varying results, with concurrent treatment not offering improved survival benefits.
A new study published in PNAS suggests that delivering microparticles containing CCL2 directly to the gums can inhibit bone loss and speed up bone repair in a mouse model of periodontal disease. The therapy modulates the immune response, shifting macrophages from inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type.
New research suggests that exposure to vape and e-cigarette residue on surfaces during pregnancy can cause immune system damage in unborn babies. The study found that maternal third-hand exposure to e-vapour results in significant, long-lasting effects on lung and bone marrow immune cell responses.
Researchers found that a specific crosslinking mode in the peptidoglycan cell wall inhibits certain cell wall degrading enzymes, protecting bacteria from internal and external damage. This discovery may lead to new treatments for developing antibacterial therapies.
A team of researchers at UMC Utrecht has identified 29 novel antibodies against the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important cause of drug-resistant infections. The antibodies were found to interact with antigens on the bacterial surface and some act synergistically to neutralize the pathogen.
Researchers found that fruit bats generate a more diverse antibody response than mice but have a weaker overall response. However, bats fed a fruit-only diet had a stronger antibody response compared to those on a protein-supplemented diet.
A new study published in Frontiers in Immunology reveals that certain food proteins like milk and meat can help keep gut tumors from growing by triggering the intestinal immune system. This discovery has potential clinical implications for patients with gastrointestinal conditions.
Researchers developed a synthetic mucin gel inspired by cow slime to create a protective barrier around discs, preventing immune system attacks. This innovative approach may improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term complications after disc herniation surgery.
Researchers discovered that disrupting plant microbiomes can compromise a plant's immune system, leading to autoimmunity. Prebiotics could potentially support or reset the microbiome to maintain balance, reducing losses in food crops.
Researchers discovered a key molecule, PAF, that controls the destiny of immune cells and turns them against cancer. The study highlights the importance of targeting PAF to develop new therapies for various types of cancer.
Researchers at Boston University discovered a new method to harness self-amplifying RNA to create more effective vaccines. The modified saRNA vaccine protected mice from severe COVID-19 disease with a lower dose than current mRNA vaccines. Longer duration of protein expression and reduced inflammation were also observed.
A University of Leicester study has found that certain gut bacteria may influence whether a patient's immune system is successful in fighting mesothelioma, an aggressive form of cancer. Researchers suggest that dietary changes, such as increased fibre intake, could improve the benefits of immunotherapy for these patients.
A Mayo Clinic study found that people with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) have a 92% elevated risk of developing melanoma. MBL is a precursor to chronic lymphocytic leukemia and also increases the risk of cancers originating in the lymphatic system and serious infections.
A study by researchers from Brazil and Germany found that a surface protein on Aspergillus fumigatus spores suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory substances by immune cells, making it easier for the fungus to infect the body. The enzyme glycosylasparaginase plays a crucial role in this process.
Researchers found a subset of macrophage cells close to breast cancer cells, which may provide a new biological target for immunotherapies. This discovery could lead to the development of biologic therapies to change the organization of neighborhoods around cancer cells.
A new automated scoring system using deep learning and pyramid sampling analyzes morphological features at various spatial scales to enhance the accuracy of HER2 assessment. The system achieved a classification accuracy of 84.70% in blind testing, comparable to experienced pathologists.
Researchers have developed a novel nanoparticle drug-delivery system to activate an immune pathway in combination with tumor-targeting agents, showing promising results in treating pancreatic cancer. Eight out of nine mice tested experienced tumor improvements, including two complete responses.
Researchers have developed a novel, more selective inhibitor of the human immunoproteasome using a bacterially derived natural product. The new compound targets autoimmune diseases without disrupting other cellular mechanisms.
Two proteins, viperins and argonautes, play important roles in human immunity, originating from Asgard archaea. These defense systems have been passed down for billions of years, providing a crucial line of defense against viruses.
A new study by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that probiotics can improve the immune system and behavior of both mothers and their offspring during pregnancy. Probiotics may also help counteract negative effects of prenatal stress, such as changes in brain inflammation and amino acid metabolism.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara discovered that macrophages can be programmed to respond to light, triggering an increase in their appetite and improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. The findings offer a new way to enhance trained immunity, a type of memory exhibited in the innate immune system.
Researchers developed a drug that enhances killer T cells' fighting power while reducing the toxicity of unmodified IL-2 treatments, overcoming inhibitory Tr1 cells and increasing immunotherapy's effectiveness. The study aims to personalize cancer immunotherapy for more patients.
A Spanish research study has described the composition of the immune system in blood samples from patients with multiple myeloma and found that altered immune cells influence vaccine efficacy. The study reveals a more severe immune suppression in patients with multiple myeloma compared to those with other tumors.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute discovered that mast cells can trap and recycle neutrophils, which are normally frontline defenders against infections. This unexpected interaction reveals a new layer to our understanding of allergic reactions and inflammation.
Scientists found islands of highly potent immune cells in the bone marrow close to glioblastoma tumors, which play a central role in defending against cancer. This discovery may lead to innovative therapies and could improve patients' chances of survival.