Articles tagged with Neurosurgery
A recent study published in The Lancet found that Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring can significantly reduce the incidence of awareness during surgery. By using BIS-guided anaesthesia, patients at risk experienced only two cases of awareness compared to 11 reported cases with standard care.
Researchers studying epilepsy patients who underwent brain surgery on either side found that those with left-brain surgery experienced decreased immune function, while right-brain surgery boosted immune response. The findings raise concerns about protecting patients from infection following strokes or left-brain surgery.
Researchers found that surgery to remove fatty deposits from narrowed vessels can significantly reduce stroke risk, with a 50% reduction in strokes among those who underwent the procedure. The study's results confirm previous findings and highlight the need for more adults to be screened for narrowed carotid arteries.
A Phase I study conducted at UCSD showed promising early indications of reduced disease advancement in patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. The subjects who successfully completed the surgery showed a 50% reduction in their annual rate of decline on one of the measured cognitive scales.
Duke researchers found that slower rewarming reduces brain temperature and hyperthermia risks after coronary artery bypass surgery. This leads to improved cognitive outcomes for patients six weeks post-surgery. A seven-year analysis of 6,334 patients showed significant reductions in hyperthermic episodes.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have demonstrated the feasibility of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) in humans, using arrays of electrodes to record brain signals and control external devices. The study showed that patients with Parkinson's disease and tremor disorders could use BMIs to play a hand-controlled video game.
A new procedure, carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAS) with distal embolic protection (DEP), has shown zero neurological complications in a study involving 21 patients. The minimally invasive technique adapts techniques used to open heart vessels for brain arteries, significantly reducing risk of stroke and death compared to t...
Researchers at Washington University developed a non-invasive fMRI technique to better evaluate brain surgery risks and guide operations to avoid sensitive language areas. This breakthrough holds promise for safer surgeries for nearly 200,000 Americans diagnosed with brain tumors annually.
A recent study published in Neurology confirms that 86% of children who underwent hemispherectomy at Johns Hopkins Medicine are either seizure-free or have non-disabling seizures. The surgery improves quality of life and reduces medication dependence.
Fetal surgery for spina bifida has been shown to improve leg function and reduce the need for shunts in infants. The study found that 24 of the 47 surviving infants had better neurologic leg function than predicted, while only 20 required a shunt.
The STEPS study evaluates the safety and efficacy of Spheramine, a cell therapy that produces levodopa to enhance dopamine production in the brain. The study aims to provide a new method for Parkinson's patients to achieve continuous control of motor function.
A study found that 63% of patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent surgery remained seizure-free for over eight years. The duration of epilepsy before surgery was a significant factor in predicting seizure freedom, with patients having longer episodes more likely to remain free from seizures.
A study found that large amounts of Ki-67 antigen in cancer cells predict the growth and return of pilocytic astrocytoma, a common childhood brain tumor. The presence of this protein increases the risk of cancer recurrence or growth.
A UCLA study reveals a significant shortage of surgeons is looming due to an aging population. The study finds that surgeries performed on older adults will have the highest increase in demand by 2020, with ophthalmology leading the way.
Detachable coil embolization is a new approach to treating brain aneurysms, offering less invasive treatment with shorter recovery times. The procedure has been shown to reduce mortality rates by 22.6% compared to traditional open surgery for patients with ruptured aneurysms.
Researchers found a significant reduction in micro-emboli during off-pump coronary bypass surgery compared to traditional pump-assisted procedures. This decrease was associated with lower rates of neurological complications and cognitive decline after surgery.
A study at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center found that gamma knife radiosurgery provided high rates of tumor growth control and often led to tumor regression for patients with benign intracranial tumors. The study followed 285 consecutive patients over a median of 10 years, with 81% still alive after 10 years.
Researchers found that patients preferred the new endonasal approach, which provides a simpler and minimally invasive method compared to the traditional sublabial procedure. The study showed comparable remission rates and similar hormonal gain and loss among patients with pituitary tumors.
A recent study found that hemispherectomy significantly reduces seizures in older children with Sturge-Weber syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by neurological abnormalities. The surgery was effective in more than 80% of patients, regardless of their age at operation.
The brain creates a weighted average of conflicting sensory cues to produce a single mental image. When discrepancies are too large, the brain defaults to information from a single cue, maintaining three separate representations of an object's property.
Researchers found that more than 80 percent of patients experienced postoperative fevers, but most were caused by non-serious complications. The study provides valuable insights into the incidence of postoperative complications in children undergoing hemispherectomies and may lead to changes in post-operative care protocols.
Researchers have developed a new surgical procedure for Parkinson's disease, bilateral subthalamotomy, which has shown promising results in improving motor symptoms and activities of daily living. After two years of follow-up, patients exhibited approximately 50% improvement in motor symptoms and significant reduction in medication doses.
A pioneering neurosurgeon has successfully implanted an artificial vision system in eight blind patients, enabling them to drive cars and navigate their surroundings. The device, developed by the Dobelle Institute, stimulates the brain's visual cortex to create a semblance of sight.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that beta-blockers provided significant protection to the brain and its functions in patients undergoing bypass surgery. The study analyzed medical records of 2,575 patients and found a 1.9% rate of adverse effects for those taking beta-blockers compared to 4.3% for those who did not.
A new radiosurgery protocol using the Gamma Knife is being tested to eliminate epileptic seizures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The treatment has shown promising results, with up to 95% effectiveness and significant improvement in quality of life.
Research found that people who habitually sleep more than 8 hours a night and those who need daytime naps have a 50% increased risk of dying, with nearly three times the risk from stroke. The study suggests an underlying sleep disorder may be to blame.
A study led by Dr. George Ojemann identified 105 neurons with specific responses to different stages of memory, including encoding, storage, and retrieval. The findings highlight the complexity of individual neurons' role in memory and provide insights into brain regions involved in implicit memory recall.
A new fund has been established to provide lifesaving surgery for European children, with generous contributions from private citizens in the US and Germany. The Children's Hope Fund, supported by NYU Medical Center, aims to save as many lives as possible through surgical interventions.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have successfully implanted LBS-neurons into patients with chronic stroke, showing a greater than 10% increase in metabolic activity in damaged areas. The surrounding area showed maintained or improved function, suggesting integration of the new neurons.
A 70-year-old woman developed a glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive brain cancer, 7 years after undergoing radiosurgery to treat a benign tumor. The case report highlights the rare but potential risk of radiation-induced malignancy following this procedure.
A new Cornell University study found that surgeons performing carotid endarterectomies who got their licenses 20 or more years ago had the highest mortality rate among their patients. The study also found a relation between the mortality of endarterectomy patients and the number of times surgeons performed the procedure.
A Mayo Clinic study finds surgery and anesthesia as independent risk factors for ischemic stroke within 30 days after surgery. The relative risk was elevated for both high-risk and lower-risk surgeries.
A study by Wake Forest University researchers found that the longer heart surgery takes, the more tiny particles of fat enter the bloodstream and circulate to the brain, blocking tiny blood vessels. This can cause brain deficits that may be permanent in ten to thirty percent of affected patients.
A study by UB neurosurgeons found that cigarette smoking is associated with larger brain aneurysms, which can lead to life-threatening complications. The research, published in the journal Neurosurgery, showed that smokers were more likely to develop large aneurysms than non-smokers.
A new study found that pallidotomy surgery, a procedure to reduce tremors in Parkinson's sufferers, also improves speech volume in some patients. Seven out of 12 patients with mild speech problems showed significant improvements following the surgery.
A Mayo Clinic study reveals that many heart patients continue to take chest pain medications after undergoing angioplasty, suggesting a need for alternative treatment options. The gamma knife procedure is shown to be effective in treating various brain disorders, offering an alternative to surgery.
A study of 203 children with medulloblastoma found that a tried-and-true chemotherapy protocol provides better results than a newer method, while the quality of neurosurgery also affects long-term survival rates. The ability to remove nearly all of the tumor is critical for improved outcomes.
The center has reduced the number of patients having major strokes during bypass surgery to 1%, and less severe injury to 18%, significantly below national averages. The research aims to make a safe operation even safer by exploring additional ways to avoid brain injury.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a groundbreaking brain cell transplantation technique aimed at treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and epilepsy. By selectively growing and implanting targeted brain cells, the team hopes to promote healing and repair damaged brain tissue.
Neurosurgeons successfully tested a new magnetic surgery system on the world's first human patient, allowing for precise navigation of surgical tools through the brain. The innovative technology has far-reaching potential for various applications, including implanting electrodes, repairing aneurysms, and delivering targeted treatments.
A new international study has identified that small intracranial aneurysms have a very low probability of rupture if the patient has no history of ruptured aneurysms. Patients with these conditions can live a normal lifestyle with minimal risk while monitoring their aneurysm.
Researchers at UB's Toshiba Stroke Research Center have developed a new dual contrast injection method, enabling neurosurgeons to characterize and treat arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) more effectively. The technique allows for precise measurement of blood flow rate, facilitating the accurate administration of a glue-like substance ...
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have developed a method to reverse dangerous cerebral vasospasms. The treatment involves administering a drug that dilates cerebral blood vessels, reversing constricting effects within 30 minutes.
Dr. David Stump's research reveals a significant impact on patients' lives, with long-term effects on motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and daily functioning. The study highlights the importance of early detection and addressing post-operative deficits to prevent decline in brain function.
Researchers have made significant strides in reducing post-surgical brain deficits by modifying surgical technique and using ultrasound monitors to detect emboli. The team has cut the number of patients experiencing confusion, memory loss, and personality changes after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Researchers have found that a left-handed woman's brain controls reading aloud and speaking with the left side, but writing with the right. This study compares split-brain cases to V.J.'s and suggests that spoken and written language evolved independently.
A study at the University of Toronto has discovered a biological basis for phantom sensations experienced by amputees. The researchers found that neurons in the brain that used to represent sensation in the lost limb remain functional and are now driven by stimulation of other body parts, usually the part closest to the amputated limb.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have developed a non-invasive gamma knife treatment that shows comparable results to surgery in alleviating Parkinson's disease symptoms. The treatment uses high doses of radiation to destroy targeted areas of the brain, potentially offering an alternative to traditional surgical options.
Researchers have discovered a promising approach to protecting the brain from damage during heart bypass surgery, using chemicals that inhibit nitric oxide production and reduce glutamate accumulation. Patient trials are expected to start in early 1998.
A study of 65 patients found that those with the Alzheimer's-related gene apoliprotein E-4 (APOE-4) are more susceptible to mental impairment after open heart surgery. The researchers believe this is due to the variant gene's inability to repair nerve cells efficiently.
A new study reveals that transcranial sonography is more sensitive than MRI and CT in detecting residual tumors and predicting patient survival after brain tumor surgery. This non-invasive imaging technique offers advantages, including lower cost, portability, and ease of use, making it a valuable tool for follow-up care.
Pediatric heart surgeons are using ultrasound to monitor patients for potential brain damage during and after open-heart surgery. The non-invasive method, Transcranial Doppler, can detect air in the brain circulation when it is ejected from the heart, providing valuable feedback for surgeons.
A study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery found a significant link between smoking and cerebral blood-vessel damage. Smokers are nearly five times more likely to develop vasospasm, a violent constriction of arterial walls that can lead to stroke-like symptoms.
A Duke neurologist advocates for mandatory reporting of complication rates for carotid endarterectomy to help doctors make informed decisions. Low complication rates are crucial for the procedure's effectiveness in preventing strokes.
A new study suggests that a drug that inhibits nitric oxide production may reduce the risk of brain damage during heart surgery. The study found that dogs treated with the drug showed significantly less apoptotic brain cell damage and decreased nitric oxide in the brain compared to untreated dogs.
Researchers found that a drug called MK-801 can reduce brain cell death during cardiac surgery by blocking glutamate receptors. The study used dogs and showed promising results, suggesting a potential new approach to preventing brain damage during heart surgery.
The new resorbable plates and screws dissolve within months of implantation, reducing migration and discomfort in young patients. Developed by Biomet Corporation, these devices have been approved by the FDA for use in reconstructive head and neck surgery.