Research on what raises a person's risk of disease and injury. Covers cardiovascular and aneurysm risk, medication in pregnancy, youth behavior, and suicide risk.
A new study finds that high fasting glucose has surpassed tobacco use as the leading risk factor for pancreatic cancer in the US, while China faces a dual metabolic-tobacco burden. China recorded more absolute cases, but lower age-standardized rates, with a peak burden at ages 60-74.
Defering bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy beyond age 50 increases risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA carriers. The residual risk of ovarian cancer for older women in good health is considered high enough to warrant preventive surgery.
A study found that lower birth volume, unprofitability, and for-profit status are risk factors for loss of hospital-based obstetric care in rural and urban hospitals. Many hospitals may be at high risk for future closure, highlighting the need for improved obstetric care infrastructure in rural areas.
A cohort study of 544 young survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage found that 30.2% developed new brain aneurysms over 40 years. Female sex, smoking, and family history of aneurysms were identified as risk factors, with smoking cessation associated with lower risk.
Exposure to suicide attempts within social networks was linked to increased risk of subsequent suicide attempts and higher depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Assessing recent exposure to suicide attempts may help identify high-risk youths undetected through symptom-based screening alone.
A nationwide cohort study found that continued ICS use during early pregnancy was not associated with increased risks of maternal or neonatal outcomes. The study highlights the importance of individualized risk assessment while maintaining asthma control, providing reassuring evidence for current guideline recommendations.
A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a strong association between alcohol marketing exposure and increased drinking outcomes among youth. The study's findings suggest that reducing alcohol marketing can help mitigate the risk of youth drinking, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address this public health con...
The study aimed to determine the proportion of eligible patients consenting to either thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy. It found that 93.5% of patients who would consent to randomization completed the assigned surgery. The results provide valuable insights for targeting enrollment in future multicenter trials.
The global burden of chronic kidney disease in women has grown, with 359 million cases in 2021, driving increasing mortality rates and disability-adjusted life years. Postmenopausal women and women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable to metabolic and behavioral drivers that can be modified to reduce risk.
A new study at Tampere University found that simple risk factors like body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and smoking habits are better predictors of chronic disease than epigenetic clocks. This challenges the marketing claims of biological age tests, which can cost hundreds of euros.
A long-term study on Lyme disease ecology has revealed surprising findings on the role of deer and mouse populations in shaping tick-borne disease risk. Researchers found that mouse abundance was strongly linked to nymphal tick density, while deer abundance was not statistically associated with Lyme disease risk.
An observational study found that older adults with consistently elevated NT-proBNP concentrations had a significantly higher risk for cardiovascular disease and death. Those whose levels returned to normal had a comparable risk to those who never showed signs of heart stress.
A cohort study of 13,585 insured patients found racial disparities in endometrial cancer survival, with greater imbalances in risk of adverse tumor types and distant disease. Younger black patients had a 43% larger disparity compared to their white counterparts.
A retrospective cohort study found that patients treated with aripiprazole had a lower risk of hyponatremia than those on olanzapine. This association could inform clinical decision-making for high-risk patients, despite residual confounding considerations.
This retrospective study examines patterns and trends of focal therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in US cancer centers. Focal therapy procedures remained uncommon, occurring mostly in low-, high-, or very-high-risk disease settings.
A randomized clinical trial of 698 patients with localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer found that stereotactic body radiotherapy was not superior to moderately hypofractionated IMRT for disease-free survival at 3 years. However, SBRT showed better bowel-related quality of life compared to IMRT.
Active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancer increased significantly in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system, with high rates among low-risk and intermediate-risk patients. This trend suggests that many veterans are avoiding unnecessary treatment, but disparities in care persist.
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intolerance, characterized by small intestine damage and malabsorption. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss, with accurate testing and early treatment available to prevent complications.
Researchers reviewed grant data from 2015-2022, supporting investment in a strong evidence base for obesity and cancer research. Key areas of focus include obesity's impact on cancer treatment and survivorship, as well as disparities in cancer outcomes.
Surgical residents describe experiencing identity-related vigilance as a significant emotional and cognitive burden, contributing to fatigue and burnout. They identify opportunities on the programmatic level to mitigate negative consequences, highlighting the need for support.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open finds a strong association between gestational diabetes and an increased risk of postpartum cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders. The research highlights the importance of monitoring and managing gestational diabetes to prevent long-term health consequences for mothers.
A new study emphasizes the importance of accessible maternity and psychiatric care for pregnant women suffering from major depressive disorder. The research highlights the need to balance treatment benefits with potential risks associated with SSRI exposure, suggesting a structured approach to decision-making.
A new international study defines clinical obesity as a significant predictor of increased disease burden, operative risk, and cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery. The study found that the majority of patients met criteria for clinical obesity, while a minority had preclinical obesity.
A randomized phase 3 study found that first-line osimertinib plus chemotherapy significantly improved median progression-free survival compared to osimertinib alone in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and concurrent EGFR and TP53 mutations. This study provides evidence for incorporating TP53-based molecular ris...
Objective physical fitness assessments reveal a graded association between balance, agility, strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness with reduced all-cause mortality. This study suggests integrating fitness assessments into routine practice may improve risk stratification and guide function-oriented interventions.
A cross-sectional study found that over one-third of high-risk therapeutic medical devices were recalled due to lack of consistent association between device characteristics, premarket evidence, and regulatory factors. Postmarket surveillance is crucial for ensuring patient safety.
A review of cannabis and cannabinoids' therapeutic use reveals potential health benefits while emphasizing the need for risk assessment and harm reduction strategies. The study highlights the importance of evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective treatment.
A study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found a strong association between air pollution, particularly PM2.5, and increased disease activity and flare risk in RA patients. The study suggests that avoiding prolonged exposure to poor air quality may help reduce disease activity.
According to the study, people with none of these risk factors lived nearly 13 years longer without dementia than those with all three. Women and white participants also had longer survival times without developing dementia. The study highlights the importance of preventing these vascular risk factors in midlife.
A U-shaped association exists between LVEDD and mortality in HF, suggesting high risk for both abnormally small and large ventricles. The findings support integrating LV size assessment into routine risk stratification to guide personalized management.
A cohort study of 2771 male children found no evidence that neonatal medical male circumcision is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. The study also examined the effects of acetaminophen use during and after the procedure, but found it to be uncommon.
A cohort study identified risk factors for bacterial infection after firearm injury and found an association between bacterial infection and increased mortality among US adults. The study assesses the impact of firearm injuries on health outcomes in this population.
Nicotine pouches are a new form of nicotine delivery that has sparked concerns over safety and efficacy. Researchers warn of potential harms, side effects, and accidental use, as well as the risk of dependence on these products.
Combining cemiplimab, fianlimab, and paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pathologic complete response rates in high-risk -negative breast cancer. Patients with the ImPrint immune signature showed enhanced sensitivity to the combination.
A recent study published in JAMA finds that nicotine e-cigarettes are an effective treatment for smoking cessation. The research suggests that e-cigarettes can help reduce the harms of cigarette smoking and support evidence-based pharmacologic treatment for smokers seeking to quit.
A cross-sectional study investigates whether the time of day for influenza vaccination affects its effectiveness in preventing subsequent infections. The study found that vaccinations given later in the day may be less effective than those administered at other times.
A new global database has been developed to map pathogens and antibiotic resistance risks in coastal waters, providing a practical tool for assessing biological risks. The Coastal Water Pathogen Database integrates shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from six coastal regions across three continents.
This study found that young, non-Hispanic white women who are physically active and drink heavily are more likely to engage in intentional outdoor tanning. Intentional tanning is associated with increased risk of sunburn and skin cancer, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to reduce this behavior.
A cohort study of California educators found associations between trihalomethanes in drinking water and increased uterine cancer risk, including with endometrioid tumors. Further investigation is warranted to understand the role of drinking water contaminants as modifiable risk factors for this common gynecologic cancer.
A cohort study of Korean patients with lung cancer found that international screening guidelines excluded 64.6% of patients, many without smoking history. Ineligible patients had lower mortality risk than eligible patients, suggesting tailored approaches are necessary to enhance early detection.
A Chinese neurosurgical journal's study found that severe stenosis of major intracranial arteries increases the risk of cerebral infarction after revascularization surgery in moyamoya disease. Severe blockage was associated with postoperative infarctions, highlighting the importance of monitoring and mitigating this risk factor.
Clesrovimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, demonstrates safety and efficacy in reducing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in high-risk infants over two RSV seasons. The study supports the use of clesrovimab in children at increased risk for severe RSV disease during their second season.
Long-term exposure to road traffic noise was associated with a higher risk of Parkinson's disease, according to the study. Having a quiet facade mitigated this association, suggesting that reducing noise levels may be a viable strategy for preventing or managing the condition.
The 2026 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline substantially expands the U.S. population recommended for primary prevention statin therapy, targeting lower-risk individuals. The updated recommendations aim to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and improve public health outcomes.
The 2026 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Multisociety Dyslipidemia Guideline reclassified approximately one-quarter of adults, with two-thirds reassigned to lower-risk categories and one-third to higher-risk categories. This shift was driven by differences in risk factors among males, non-Hispanic Black indivi...
A cohort study in Taiwan found that spouses of individuals with dementia had a significantly higher risk of developing dementia compared to unexposed spouses. The association varied depending on the family context and socioeconomic status, highlighting the importance of considering household factors in dementia risk assessment.
A blood test measuring phosphorylated tau 217 (P-tau217) can estimate an individual's risk of developing cognitive impairment over 2, 5, and 10 years. Higher P-tau217 levels are associated with increased risk of progression to cognitive impairment in cognitively unimpaired older adults.
Research highlights the significant impact of modifiable risk factors on ischemic heart disease mortality in the US. High body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose levels have increased attributable risk over the study period, emphasizing the importance of addressing these factors to reduce mortality.
A cohort study reveals that colorectal cancer treatment delays are associated with increased metastasis risk. This finding highlights the need for integrated care and tailored benchmarks for treatment initiation to improve timely and equitable care.
A study found that measles-containing vaccines were administered to only 15% of children in this age group between 2015 and 2025. This proportion remained stable over time, but disparities in vaccine uptake existed among minoritized racial and ethnic groups.
A recent hantavirus outbreak on a nature cruise has sparked concerns about the potential for a global pandemic. Experts warn that Ebola-like viruses pose significant threats to public health.
A global analysis found alcohol use and smoking to be common risk factors for both breast cancer and atrial fibrillation/flutter in women ages 55 and older. High-risk zones were predominantly in Western countries with greater exposure to these lifestyle risks.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen shows that exercise plays a crucial role in improving cardiovascular health even after significant weight loss. Participants who exercised developed healthier blood vessels and lower inflammation compared to those who relied on medication alone.
Adolescents in the US are unaware of the dangers of fentanyl misuse, emphasizing the importance of public education programs and clinical communication. The study reveals a significant portion of younger adolescents are not aware of the risks associated with fentanyl use.
A cohort study found that mid-urbanicity neighborhoods had the highest dementia mortality rates, while dense urban cores and rural areas showed lower risks. The study suggests targeted improvements in neighborhood conditions could reduce dementia mortality and promote equity.
Nearly half of dementia cases can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors like physical inactivity and smoking. A new review found that large-scale awareness campaigns often lead to limited behavior change, highlighting the need for more personalized and community-driven approaches.
A cohort study found that upper secondary school settings are associated with mental health trajectories in adolescents, suggesting a link between peer environments and risk of mental disorders. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in understanding adolescent mental health.
A population-based study found no association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring. The study suggests that positive signals from previous research may be due to familial confounding.
A recent study published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery reveals a higher incidence of smell and taste disturbances among GLP-1 RA users. The findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring and awareness to mitigate these adverse effects.
A cohort study found that a dietary pattern with lower inflammatory potential was associated with lower dementia risk among individuals with Alzheimer disease pathology. Targeted dietary strategies may help prevent dementia in those already at elevated risk.