Articles tagged with Risk Factors
Access to higher-level neonatal care is limited at rural birth hospitals, where less than 20% offer this care compared to 74% of urban hospitals. Urban birth hospitals are expanding higher-level neonatal care, exacerbating geographic disparities in access to care for high-risk infants.
A nationwide cohort study found that semaglutide initiators had a significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy compared to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor initiators. The absolute risk was low, but clinicians and patients should be aware of this rare but evident increased risk.
A new study finds that US South Asians have higher rates of prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension than other population groups, despite healthier diets and exercise habits. The study identifies a critical window in the 40s when risk is already high, but disease is still preventable with early intervention.
A cohort study found combined GLP-1RA and progestin therapy reduces endometrial cancer risk in women with benign uterine pathology or endometrial hyperplasia. The study suggests potential benefits of this treatment approach for nonmalignant uterine diseases.
A meta-analysis of childhood food allergy risk factors reveals a combination of major and minor factors, including genetics and antibiotic exposure. The study provides insights into the complex interplay of these factors in the development of food allergies in infants and children.
A study published in JAMA found that higher consumption of caffeinated coffee and tea is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Moderate intake levels showed the most pronounced association, with better cognitive function also observed.
Intravenous tenecteplase administered 4.5 to 24 hours after ischemic stroke non–large vessel occlusion improved functional outcomes at 90 days compared to standard care. However, it also increased the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
A recent study found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations are associated with a higher risk of cardiorespiratory events, with some conditions experiencing elevated risks up to 180 days after admission. The findings highlight the importance of increasing RSV immunization in adults to mitigate this risk.
A cohort study found a disproportionate increase in postpartum depression among women and adolescents in low-socioeconomic status communities following state abortion bans. The legislation disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for targeted mental health support and policy interventions.
A study published in JAMA found that salpingectomy significantly lowers the risk of developing tubo-ovarian carcinoma. The procedure, typically performed during unrelated pelvic or abdominal surgery, is now recommended as a preventive measure for eligible women.
A longitudinal study has identified key physical performance indicators that contribute to severe knee injuries in rugby players. The analysis found associations between direct contact injuries and greater severity and burden, as well as a high limb symmetry index for hip internal rotation strength and hip extension strength.
A cohort study of 47,000 adults found that males had a 63% greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to females after adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. The study suggests intrinsic biological factors, such as sex hormones or immune response, may contribute to these sex differences in mortality.
A recent study found that low-dose aspirin use was not associated with incident cancer incidence in older adults, contrary to previous findings. However, the study revealed a significant elevation in cancer mortality risk during the randomized clinical trial period, which did not persist after the trial ended.
Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) significantly lowers risks of limb events, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and kidney disease progression compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes. GLP-1 RAs are preferred for secondary prevention in this high-risk population.
Adverse experiences throughout life increase dementia and stroke risks, with depression as a mediating factor. Implementing life-course interventions addressing psychological trauma and mental health can reduce neurovascular disease burden.
Researchers found that an increasing number of preexisting maternal chronic conditions increases the risk of severe neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women with multiple chronic conditions may benefit from preconception counseling, earlier identification of complications, and enhanced newborn supports to optimize outcomes.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that abortion bans are associated with a significant increase in pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. The study suggests that restricting access to safe abortion care forces pregnant individuals to take on increased health risks, leading to higher mortality rates.
Population risk-based screening using 5-year invasive breast cancer risk is associated with similar or greater benefits than age-based screening, as well as reduced false-positive recalls. As personalized medicine advances, risk-based screening is poised to become a cornerstone of breast cancer prevention.
A case-control study found that even low-level air pollution in Sweden may increase the risk of developing motor neuron disease. Long-term exposure was also associated with poorer disease prognosis after diagnosis.
A comparative effectiveness study found that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists. These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor treatment may be an effective strategy for preventing kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Fine particulate matter and ozone exposure independently associated with poorer cardiac health outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with cardiotoxic therapy. Environmental exposure modifications are crucial to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk.
Women with a genetic predisposition to higher body mass index are at increased risk of all-cause mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. Targeted lifestyle recommendations can mitigate this risk.
A deep learning model trained on stage II colorectal cancer whole slide images accurately identified features linked to recurrence risk. The study found the model surpassed clinical prognostic parameters in predicting patient outcomes.
A study published in Drug and Alcohol Review journal reveals that workplace factors like long hours, work-related stress, and shift work do not solely drive high-risk drinking. Personal and social factors have an even greater impact on alcohol consumption among workers. The research analyzed over two decades of data from the Household ...
A cohort study found that very high lipoprotein(a) levels increased the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy women. Screening for elevated lipoprotein(a) may be warranted in the general population.
Researchers identified dozens of genes that regulate DNA repeat expansion, which accelerates as people age. The study found common genetic variants can speed up or slow this process by up to fourfold, linking it to serious diseases like kidney failure and liver disease.
A new study from UCLA Health found that a cardiovascular risk score can predict who will develop serious eye diseases years later. Higher cardiovascular risk scores were significantly more likely to develop conditions like age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.
A national longitudinal cohort study found consistently worse mental health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Integrated screening and intervention strategies are needed to address this association.
A cohort study found associations between exposure to multiple fine particulate matter components and increased depression risk among US Medicare population members. The study highlights the importance of targeted regulation to protect vulnerable populations from harmful air pollution.
A study published in JAMA found that nirsevimab was associated with lower risks of RSV-related hospitalization and severe outcomes compared to maternal vaccination with the RSVpreF vaccine. These findings suggest a potential benefit for passive infant immunization with nirsevimab in reducing RSV-related complications.
A new study found that quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of high-grade vulvovaginal lesions. Expanding HPV vaccination, especially at younger ages, may help prevent these lesions.
A novel analysis found that financial strain and food insecurity accelerate biological aging and increase mortality risk, surpassing traditional risk factors. The study emphasizes the need for targeted preventive interventions and patient-centered care to address social determinants of health.
A new study from Mass General Brigham found that the Brain Care Score is a strong predictor of stroke across different racial groups in the US. Higher scores indicate healthier behaviors and lower risk of age-related brain diseases, including stroke.
A new study published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology suggests that strong and supportive relationships can improve heart health for individuals with cardiovascular disease. The review highlights the need to include intimate partners in cardiac rehabilitation programs to support long-term heart health and quality of life.
This study found that vaccination before and during COVID-19 diagnosis in pregnancy significantly lowers the risk of severe maternal illness and premature birth. The results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination plays a crucial role in protecting pregnant individuals from serious health complications associated with the virus.
A large-scale study found that individuals with ADHD are at higher risk of being convicted of crimes compared to those without ADHD. Relatives of individuals with ADHD also show increased risk, even if they themselves do not have ADHD. Early identification and treatment of ADHD in high-risk families may help mitigate these risks.
The WISDOM randomized clinical trial found risk-based breast cancer screening to be equally effective as annual screening in detecting advanced cancers. However, it did not reduce breast biopsy rates. The study suggests a safer and more efficient approach to breast cancer screening.
Research from Florida Atlantic University strengthens evidence that alcohol consumption increases cancer risk, particularly for breast, colorectal, and liver cancers. Higher intake and specific groups, such as African Americans and those with obesity or diabetes, are found to be more vulnerable to the risks.
A recent study published in JAMA found that initiating resuscitation of preterm infants with fraction of inspired oxygen levels of 0.6 versus 0.3 did not affect the risk of death or brain injury by 36 weeks' corrected gestational age.
Using GLP-1 receptor agonists may lower the risk of vertebral compression fractures and related surgical interventions in people with type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that these medications have a bone-protective effect, offering benefits for patients.
A cohort study of adults aged 45 or older with RSV infection found a significant excess risk of cardiovascular events over 1 year, comparable in magnitude to influenza infection. This highlights the importance of RSV as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and underscores the need for vaccination to mitigate this burden.
Revising newborn hepatitis B vaccination guidelines may lead to increased perinatal infections, according to infectious disease experts. The study estimates that revoking the policy could result in a significant number of new infections.
A randomized clinical trial shows that semaglutide improves glycemic control and weight outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia. The study suggests using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as an early intervention strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in this population.
A new method developed by Penn State researchers improves the analysis of genetic data, identifying more genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and ALS. The technique, BASIC, integrates both bulk tissue samples and single-cell data to uncover shared genetic effects across different cell types.
A study found that women with obesity who stopped using GLP-1 receptor agonists experienced more gestational weight gain and a higher risk of preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders. The research suggests that discontinuation of these medications may impact pregnancy outcomes.
A substantial prevalence of avoidant/restrictive food intake was found in the general pediatric population, with affected children at risk of developmental difficulties across multiple domains. The study suggests a need for broad support interventions and advances understanding of the genetic underpinnings of this condition.
Adults with higher levels of physical activity during midlife and late life have a lower risk of all-cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia. This cohort study, part of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, found similar reductions in risk across different age groups.
A US cohort study from 2012-2021 found persistent disparities in cesarean births by race and ethnicity, with non-Hispanic Black individuals facing increased risks. The study highlights the need for quality improvement efforts to address structural racism and reduce unnecessary cesarean births.
A study of nearly 4,000 middle-aged adults found that combined sleep apnea and insomnia increase the risk of uncontrolled hypertension. The strongest risk factor was identified as the combination of both conditions, with 10.2% of participants experiencing high blood pressure.
A study found that higher consumption of ultraprocessed foods is associated with an increased risk of developing early-onset colorectal cancer precursors. The research highlights the importance of improving dietary quality to mitigate the rising burden of early-onset colorectal cancer.
This cohort study found a high risk of developing functional somatic disorder (FSD) in individuals with a history of sexual assault. The pooled analysis underscores the biopsychosocial consequences of sexual assault and highlights the importance of further research and targeted interventions to address this critical issue.
A population-based study found that county-level access to maternity care inversely associated with infant mortality risk. The study highlights racial and ethnic disparities in mortality risk between full-access and no-access counties among white infants only.
A cross-sectional study found significant associations between state-level firearm ownership and all-cause and firearm-specific homicide among pregnant women. The results suggest that prevention efforts should focus on women during pregnancy, particularly in states with higher firearm ownership rates.
A recent study analyzed data from 4,348 pediatric patients with congenital heart disease to identify key predictors of prolonged ICU stays. The research highlights the importance of patient-specific and post-operative management factors in reducing extended care.
A new study reveals how prenatal alcohol exposure impairs key brain cells and circuits, leading to cognitive inflexibility and increased risk of compulsive alcohol use. Researchers identified a specific brain cell affected by early alcohol exposure, providing a clear target for developing more effective treatments of FASD.
The study found that stillbirth rates are higher in low-income communities compared to more affluent areas, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address social determinants of health
A large cohort study found associations between prenatal fine particulate matter components and postnatal ozone exposure with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. These findings suggest that air pollution may play a role in the etiology of autism, warranting further research.
A cohort study found that GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with a reduced risk of developing nonexudative AMD, but not progression to exudative AMD in individuals with nonexudative AMD. This study may inform future randomized trials evaluating the ocular effects of GLP-1RAs in nondiabetic populations.
A cohort study found that night light exposure was a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases among adults over 40. Avoiding light at night may be a useful strategy for reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases.
A large national cohort study found associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of atrial fibrillation up to 46 years later. Women with these outcomes require early preventive actions and long-term clinical follow-up.