Articles tagged with B Lymphocytes
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A new experimental treatment, GIFT15, has been shown to completely reverse multiple sclerosis in mice by suppressing the immune response. The treatment, which combines two proteins, may also be effective against other autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease and lupus.
Researchers identified TLR9 expression patterns as a key factor in determining molecule toxicity between mice and humans. In mice, other immune cells expressing TLR9 were responsible for TNF-alpha production, leading to severe lung inflammation and toxicity.
A three-protein DNA repair complex called MRN is crucial for a normal gene-shuffling process to proceed properly. The study found that Mre11 plays a critical role in preventing cancer by repairing double strand breaks in B cells.
Scientists at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have discovered that the Bcl6 gene plays a crucial role in differentiating naive T cells into helper T cells, which then fuel rapid growth and diversification of antibodies in germinal centers. This process is essential for the adaptive immune system to produce effectiv...
A team of scientists has discovered that individual cells have programmed lifespan and fate, changing the approach to predicting immune responses. The findings could lead to more accurate computer models for infectious diseases and autoimmune conditions.
Researchers found that HIV-1 damages the gut's B-cell arm of the immune system just days after transmission, disrupting its ability to fight infections. This damage affects both reactive and non-reactive B cells, leading to a weak response against pathogens like influenza.
The Sixth Annual Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium Scientific Workshop brought together experts to discuss key issues in MCL research, including biomarkers, chemoimmunotherapy, and novel therapeutic strategies. The report highlights the progress made in understanding this rare disease and its treatment options.
B cells in every cell carry genes necessary to function, but only a small proportion matures into immune-system cells. Two chromatin remodeling complexes work in opposing directions to control epigenetic changes allowing for B-cell development.
Researchers have gained new understanding of the disease through a groundbreaking animal model, revealing that B cells play a critical role in its development. The study also highlights the importance of aggressive T cells, which attack brain tissue and trigger antibody attacks by B cells.
Researchers found that people with periodontal disease have a higher percentage of TLR4-expressing B cells, which alter the immune response during inflammation. These cells activate monocytes but inactivate B cells, highlighting a new strategy for regulating systemic inflammation.
Researchers at Ohio State University validated a method to measure variations in histones, promising biomarkers for chronic leukemia diagnosis and treatment response. The study accurately detected differences in histone composition between CLL cells and healthy B lymphocytes.
Researchers found that blocking a hormone called BAFF can prevent the development of Type 1 diabetes in mice. By depleting B cells, regulators of the immune system rise, allowing T regulatory cells to function properly and making killer T cells tolerant of insulin-producing cells.
Patients with hepatitis C and B-cell clonality in the liver are at high risk for developing malignant lymphoproliferative disease. Antiviral treatment is suggested as a strategy to prevent this outcome.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified CD98hc protein as essential for B lymphocyte division and antibody secretion. The protein supports integrin signaling, which controls cell migration, survival, and proliferation.
A study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society Nephrology suggests that rituximab can significantly improve kidney health in patients with severe lupus nephritis. The immunosuppressive drug showed promise in reducing inflammation and improving renal outcomes in those who did not respond to conventional therapy.
Scientists studied how mice fight off intestinal worm infections to discover the immune system's versatility. They found that B cells produce cytokines, presenting proteins from invaders to T cells, which are crucial for a successful response.
Research shows B cells produce critical regulatory chemicals called cytokines and amplify T cell dependent immune responses to protect against intestinal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. B cells also promote the production and long-term maintenance of essential T helper 2 cells, which are crucial for protection from this pathogen.
Researcher Stacey Walters finds that boosting BAFF levels in mice can alter their immune systems to accept tissue transplants. Increased B cells stimulate T regulatory cells, controlling killer cells and preventing rejection.
Researchers at MIT have created a highly efficient method for pairing and fusing cells, which should facilitate the study of genetic reprogramming in hybrids. This innovation, led by Joel Voldman and Rudolf Jaenisch, improves upon existing cell fusion techniques by increasing the success rate to around 50%.
A study led by Nina Luning Prak found a lower level of antibody editing in mice and human blood samples from patients with lupus and type 1 diabetes. This suggests that not all autoimmunity is caused by errors in editing, requiring a targeted approach for treatment.
A new study found a population of anergic B cells in the blood of healthy adults, which accounted for 2.5% of circulating B cells. These cells may contain precursors to self-attacking immune cells seen in autoimmune diseases like lupus and RA.
Artificial human bone marrow can replicate blood stem cells and produce B cells, key immune cells, in a test tube. This development could lead to simpler drug testing and a continuous supply of blood for transfusions.
The study found an ORR of 53% and CR/CRu of 20% in evaluable patients, while pooled data showed a 57% ORR and 21% CR. REVLIMID is being evaluated as a treatment option for heavily pretreated MCL patients.
Novel treatments, including fostamatinib disodium, have shown significant clinical activity in treating leukemia and lymphoma. The study found improved response rates and prolonged stable disease in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Researchers identified two genes that sensitize lymphoid progenitor cells to the effects of aging and confer resistance to leukemogenesis. These genes regulate cell cycle progression and mediate senescence and tumor suppression in aged cells.
Researchers at Penn School Medicine have discovered a molecular balance that governs the number of mature B-cells in the blood stream, balancing immune responses and autoimmunity. By adding BLyS, the 'brakes' on immature B cells are relaxed, while neutralizing it allows memory B cells to survive.
Researchers have developed a technique using soft lithography to create 'snapshots' of immune cell populations, offering insights into antibody diversity and potential for vaccine development. This innovation could lead to more effective diagnostic tools and personalized treatments.
Researchers at MIT have developed a method to analyze single-cell responses to vaccination, providing a comprehensive picture of the immune system's ability to fight off infection. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new vaccines for diseases including HIV, fungal infections and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
NIH scientists have identified a protein that enables T and B cells to interact, crucial for establishing long-lasting immunity. The finding may explain why individuals with a genetic defect suffer from lethal infections.
Researchers have found that Hodgkin lymphoma cells produce the cytokine IL-21, which helps them evade immune system detection. This discovery could lead to new therapy strategies for the disease, including blocking IL-21 production.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that a maternal diet rich in methyl donors increases the development and severity of asthma in mice. The study also identified specific genes modified by methylation as likely underlying causes of the increased disease severity.
A study of 50 healthy adult men found that black non-sensitized males had an average of 17.2% more HLA-sensitive B cells than white non-sensitized males, increasing their opportunity for antibody-mediated rejection. This increased number of B cells may be customized in treatments to lessen the likelihood of organ rejection.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have successfully recovered antibodies to the 1918 flu virus from elderly survivors, showcasing surprisingly long-lasting immunity. These antibodies could serve as a treatment option if another similar strain emerges in the future.
B cells can activate themselves in autoimmune diseases without T cell assistance, leading to a 'vicious cycle' of chronic disease. This finding may explain why treatments targeting T cells have been less effective and newer B cell-targeted therapies show promise.
Scientists discovered that HIV depletes functional B cells, which produce antibodies. The fatigued B cells overexpress the protein FCRL4, dampening their response to infection.
A new mouse model reveals that the B-cell receptor cooperates with MYC oncogene to accelerate lymphoma development. Disruption of B-cell receptor signals can inhibit tumor growth, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered a previously unknown mechanism in how the body responds to viruses, illuminating a new approach to developing vaccines. The finding reveals that B cells and CD4 T cells recognize the same piece of the virus, narrowing down the search for antigens.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a subset of immune system B cells that can regulate inflammation. These regulatory B cells, called B10 cells, produce a potent cytokine that inhibits immune responses. Depleting or enhancing these cells may lead to new treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
The NIAID research program aims to uncover mechanisms to enable scientists to outwit HIV and stimulate the production of long-lasting antibodies that can neutralize many strains of the virus. By understanding how B cells recognize antigens and producing broad-spectrum antibodies, researchers hope to develop a preventive HIV vaccine.
Researchers have successfully reprogrammed fully mature, differentiated B cells into an embryonic-stem-cell-like state without using eggs. This breakthrough enables the creation of powerful mouse models for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes.
The new device can detect 24 pathogens, including anthrax, plague, and E. coli, and identify them within three minutes, significantly advancing current detection times.
A Yale University study suggests that compromised DNA repair processes may lead to widespread mutations and an increased risk of cancer. The research found that the immune system's somatic hypermutation process, which introduces random mutations in B cells' antibody genes, is a key factor in the development of lymphoma.
A small clinical trial found that rituximab dramatically reduced inflammatory lesions and clinical symptoms in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. The study suggests that therapies targeting B-cells may provide an important treatment strategy for multiple sclerosis.
Scientists from University of Chicago Medical Center report that moving active genes to nucleus periphery can silence them, preventing transcription. This novel form of gene regulation involves attachment to inner nuclear membrane, blocking transcription through proteins residing on the membrane.
Swedish researchers have identified several genes that regulate the autoimmune disease SLE, including BANK1, which affects B cells and auto-antibody production. The findings may lead to new treatments targeting B cell functions.
A study led by UAB researchers found that blocking interleukin 17 (IL-17) slows disease-causing B cell actions in autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. This discovery highlights IL-17's role in shaping B cells' ability to create more antibodies.
Researchers at Yale University found that an antibody used to treat certain cancers and rheumatoid arthritis delays type 1 diabetes in mice. The treatment works by depleting B cells, which can continue to suppress the inflammatory response even after the antibody is no longer administered.
Immunology researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have successfully halted a lethal rabies infection in mice by opening the central nervous system's protective blood-brain barrier. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatment for late-stage rabies infections in humans, and may also shed light on other neurological diseases.
Researchers found that PAX5 stimulates the growth of cancerous tumors by spurring cell division normally observed during B cell immune response. This leads to over-expression of key molecules comprising B cell receptor, driving B cell expansion.
Researchers discovered that an analog of rapamycin halts production of antibodies and development of lupus in mice, suggesting a potential new approach to combating the disease. The study found that this compound improved symptoms and halted disease progression across different genetic strains of lupus-prone mice.
Developing B cells produce the antibody-altering protein AID, which directs and strengthens their response to disease pathogens. This discovery may offer new research directions for understanding autoimmunity and other diseases.
A recent study published in the journal Cell found that the ATM protein plays a crucial role in preventing genetic damage from being passed on to future generations of cells. The protein helps repair double-stranded breaks in DNA and activates checkpoints that prevent damaged cells from dividing.
Treatment with belimumab resulted in a sustained improvement of SLE disease activity in 46% of patients at week 52, according to the study. The novel combined responder index takes into account three measures of disease progression and is associated with biomarker improvements and quality of life enhancements.
A study found that 36% of refractory SLE patients remained well after undergoing B-cell depletion therapy, with median duration of B-cell depletion being 4 months. Patients with low baseline serum C3 levels and anti-ENA antibodies were more likely to flare after treatment.
New data demonstrates that MabThera effectively relieves RA symptoms and improves remission rates with subsequent courses of therapy. The safety profile remains consistent even after seven courses of treatment, providing confidence for physicians to make informed treatment decisions.
Researchers have created mouse strains that enable them to trace the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme in live animals. This breakthrough allows scientists to understand how AID regulates the immune response and its role in autoimmunity and B cell tumor development.
A new study reveals how protein Yin Yang 1 regulates early B cell development, a crucial step in the immune system. The research demonstrates that YY1 plays a key role in controlling variable segment recombination, a process essential for B cell differentiation.
Researchers developed an agent that shields rapidly dividing cells from radiation-induced death, regardless of timing of administration. The treatment prevents apoptosis in immune system cells, providing proof-in-principle for a new approach to fending off radiation damage.
The journal ACS Chemical Biology explores recent discoveries in cellular function, including the inhibition of new blood vessel formation using an antifungal drug. Nanoparticles are also shown to enhance the delivery of short interfering RNAs to cells, potentially aiding clinical applications.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered previously unsuspected mutations in genes that control B-cell differentiation, contributing to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study suggests novel methods for treating pediatric ALL and provides a roadmap for identifying unsuspected mutations in adult cancers.