Articles tagged with Sars Cov 2
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Researchers have found a link between the antiviral drug molnupiravir and a pattern of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study used global sequencing databases to map mutations over time, identifying a mutational signature associated with individuals who took molnupiravir.
A new vaccine candidate has shown protection against a range of coronaviruses, including current and future variants, by targeting the critical regions of the virus that it needs to complete its life cycle. The vaccine technology, developed at the University of Cambridge, aims to provide broad-based protection against emerging viruses.
Researchers identified specific blood biomarkers that can accurately identify patients with long COVID, revealing distinct immune and hormone function differences. The study also found abnormal T cell activity, reactivation of latent viruses, and reduced cortisol levels in patients with long COVID.
A new study has found that bats' extraordinary ability to host and survive infections may be linked to their low cancer rates. Researchers sequenced the genomes of two bat species and compared them to other mammals, discovering genetic adaptations that allow bats to tolerate viral infections.
Researchers identified a link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive symptoms, triggered by Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. The study found increased Tau levels in infected cells, indicating pathological alterations to the protein.
A nationwide study found that early treatment with plasma from recovered COVID patients can reduce the risk of developing post-COVID conditions. The research also suggests that elevated cytokine levels, particularly interleukin-6, may contribute to long COVID symptoms.
The American College of Physicians has issued updated rapid, living practice points on treating COVID-19 patients in outpatient settings. The new guidance supports the use of molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for symptomatic patients with confirmed mild to moderate COVID-19.
Receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 emergency department and outpatient visits. The risk appeared lower for those with two versus three doses, despite Omicron sublineages becoming dominant.
A new SARS-CoV-2 variant Eris has been detected, showing an advantage in evading neutralizing antibodies and increasing infectivity. The study found that Eris is less effectively neutralized by antibodies present in the blood of vaccinated individuals or those with a previous infection.
A team of researchers led by Penn State aims to test 58 wildlife species for SARS-CoV-2 using a $4.5M USDA grant. The goal is to monitor potential spillback to humans and understand cross-species transmission, which poses a risk to human health and agricultural systems.
Researchers have developed a new vaccination method that induces the production of antibodies in mucus, which can disable viruses. This approach has shown promising results in monkeys, suggesting that oral vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 may be more effective and popular than traditional subcutaneous vaccinations.
The Mount Sinai Hospital received a $13 million NIH grant to create vaccines that can protect against various types of coronaviruses. The project aims to develop variant-proof, universal vaccines that offer broad protection against existing and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, pandemic, zoonotic, and seasonal coronaviruses.
A new editorial paper explores the effectiveness of the third dose booster vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals. Researchers found that while the vaccine improves vaccine effectiveness across various measures, its benefits are not as significant for patients with cancer.
Researchers at UTSA are studying the bioactive properties of Sweet Annie, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years. The study reveals that arteannuin B from the plant has anti-COVID and anti-glioblastoma properties, offering new avenues for targeted therapy.
A study published in Nature has identified 51 significant genome-wide loci associated with COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. The research adds 28 new loci to the list, providing valuable information about three key biological pathways involved in determining disease outcomes.
A study of 11.7 million adults in Ontario, Canada, reveals that COVID-19 infection is associated with significantly higher mortality rates among cancer patients who do not receive prioritized critical care treatment.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin have made significant discoveries on how lung cells respond to influenza viruses, identifying two key molecular pathways that trigger the release of cytokines and cell death. These findings hold promise for treating people affected by such viruses.
Patients with cancer had disparate COVID-19 mortality rates during the winter Omicron wave compared to the general US population. The study suggests that immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a significant threat, requiring prioritized efforts to prevent transmission.
Researchers at Affilogic developed nanofitins that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by binding to its spike proteins, demonstrating quick reach and clearance of the lungs. The technology has potential for treating other infectious respiratory diseases with lower costs and higher accessibility.
New SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as BQ.11 and XBB.1.5, bind to cells more tightly and evade antibodies more efficiently than earlier variants, allowing reinfections and breakthrough infections. Previous infection or vaccination can generate antibodies that recognize some proteins on newer variants, reducing the risk of serious illness.
Researchers have identified a key protein in SARS-CoV-2 that, when targeted, elicits a robust immune response. A live-attenuated vaccine based on this protein shows promise in preventing disease and offering long-lasting immunity. The approach could target areas of the genome less likely to change with variants.
Researchers found that white-tailed deer are virus reservoirs, promoting ongoing mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. At least 30 infections were introduced by humans, and an estimated 23.5% of deer had been infected at one time or another.
Patients with severe long COVID often struggle with fatigue and exertion intolerance, with recovery rates varying depending on the initial infection's severity. A recent study found that those with ME/CFS experience little to no improvement in symptoms, while some patients in a second group show gradual improvement over time.
This study found a correlation between hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections and community-onset infections, highlighting the importance of ongoing surveillance and prevention measures. The findings suggest that hospitals should be particularly vigilant when community incidence rates are high, in order to reduce in-hospital transmission.
Researchers investigated SARS-CoV-2 responses in 222 donors from Central Africa, Europe and East Asia. They found disparities in immune responses due to blood cell composition, latent cytomegalovirus infection and human genetic factors. These population differences may help improve patient management in future epidemics.
HSE biologists explain how coronavirus evolves from Wuhan variant to Omicron, highlighting the crucial role of microRNA molecules in the process. The study found that substitutions in the viral genome disrupted microRNA binding regions, leading to the emergence of more contagious and resilient strains.
SARS-CoV-2's nucleocapsid protein (N) uses human body temperature to replicate, binding to RNA motifs at specific spatial folds. The study reveals new functions and potential targets for antiviral drugs.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics analyzed the severity of COVID-19 in pediatric patients, finding that intensive care unit admissions decreased over time but ventilatory support remained stable in younger children under age 5.
Researchers have found that a prostate cancer drug called proxalutamide can block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and reduce inflammation. The compound works by binding to androgen receptors, inhibiting levels of TMPRSS2 and ACE2, and blocking infection.
A NIH-funded study found that severe COVID-19 can cause lasting changes in the innate immune system, boosting inflammatory cytokine production and leading to chronic inflammation. Early treatment with IL-6 inhibitors may help mitigate these effects.
A long-term study of nearly 2,400 solid organ transplant recipients found that COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduced hospitalization rates, with a 75% decrease in later omicron waves. Despite this, post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 viral infections remain common, highlighting the importance of vaccination in high-risk populations.
A new study found that individuals exposed to common cold-causing coronaviruses have immune responses that may protect them from future SARS-CoV-2 infections. Researchers hope this insight will inform global infectious disease outbreak preparedness and vaccine development.
Researchers at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg have developed a new method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, which takes just two hours from swab to result. The approach can also detect other pathogens and is more flexible than existing PCR tests.
Scientists have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can infect cells using multiple entry points beyond ACE2, explaining its ability to jump between species. This finding highlights the need for continued monitoring of coronaviruses and their potential to cause future pandemics.
A panel of genetically diverse mice has been created to accurately model the variable human response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mice exhibit different levels of disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal, and can help scientists discover biomarkers of disease severity and evaluate countermeasures.
Researchers found that molnupiravir efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 transmission when administered at a human effect size-equivalent dose, but paxlovid did not. The study used ferret animal models and found that molnupiravir completely suppressed transmission at all tested doses.
A large study found that fully vaccinated individuals have lower concentrations of inflammatory markers than unvaccinated participants after symptomatic COVID-19 infection. This suggests that vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality by reducing elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines.
A recent study of Massachusetts schools found low secondary attack rates for SARS-CoV-2 among school-based contacts. The study highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance efforts to maintain optimal disease prevention strategies.
A new adjuvanted intranasal vaccine has shown promise in protecting both young and old mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine combines an RNA-based molecule with a nanoemulsion, resulting in a strong immune response.
Researchers developed a comprehensive toolkit of fruit fly COVID-19 resources (DCR) to study viral and human protein interactions, aiming to develop therapies for long-COVID symptoms. The toolkit enables systematic global analysis of in vivo interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human cells.
A Netherlands cohort study has revealed that healthcare workers who engaged in nose-picking were at a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. The study emphasizes the significance of proper hygiene practices among healthcare professionals to prevent COVID-19 transmission.
A study from the University of Gothenburg found that even vulnerable people with compromised immune systems achieved good antibody levels after three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. This is particularly significant for those at risk of severe Covid-19, as they showed catch-up antibody responses and high levels of hybrid immunity.
Researchers investigated the inactivation efficacy of different UV wavelengths against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, finding similar inactivation properties across various wavelengths. The study highlights the potential of far-UVC light as a safe germicidal option for mitigating airborne virus transmission.
Researchers isolated antibodies from a vaccinated SARS patient that can stop nearly all related coronaviruses tested. The most powerful antibody, E7, neutralizes SARS-CoV and Omicron variants, showing a unique mechanism of binding to the virus's spike protein.
A study using wastewater metrics found accurate assessments of county SARS-CoV-2 incidence and may be the best metric for monitoring virus circulation. Home testing increases and vaccination treatment decrease disease acuity, making wastewater surveillance a reliable option.
A study analyzing wearable device data from over 190,000 users found that vaccinated individuals experience less severe COVID-19 symptoms and recover faster. Vaccination reduces the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death.
Researchers found that expression of CiDRE in alveolar macrophages makes patients more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 invasion and promotes cytokine storm. The genetic quirk is associated with severe COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting potential treatments targeting IL-10R and CiDRE.
Researchers developed a bioinformatic tool that selects parts of proteins to elicit strong immune responses. This approach, grounded in immunological theory, was four times more efficient than current methods, suggesting better vaccine protection against diseases.
Researchers developed modular optical sensors capable of detecting viruses and bacteria using fluorescent carbon nanotubes with DNA anchors. The sensors showed high reliability and selectivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 protein, offering advantages for complex environments and future diagnostic applications.
A new 'fly-to-bedside' resource has been developed to sort through the complexities of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interactions. Researchers found that nine out of 10 non-structural proteins resulted in wing defects, providing a basis for understanding how viral proteins affect host proteins.
A study led by UCSF researchers discovered that people who remain asymptomatic after contracting COVID-19 often carry a specific gene variation that helps their immune system recognize the virus. This mutation, HLA-B*15:01, is common among asymptomatic individuals and can also help those with symptoms to recover more quickly.
A study found that SARS-CoV-2 infects liver cells, leading to hyperglycemia and a severe form of COVID-19. Researchers discovered the mechanism used by the virus to impair glucose metabolism, pointing to potential strategies for treating patients.
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science have discovered picolinic acid's ability to disrupt viral entry into host cells, blocking enveloped viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses. The compound targets a host-derived component of the virus, causing permanent damage while minimizing effects on the host cell.
A study in South African households found no association between frequency/duration of close contact and COVID-19 transmission. Airborne transmission, particularly in poorly ventilated environments, may play a larger role in spreading the virus.
The Omicron subvariant BA.5 efficiently infects lung cells due to a mutation in the spike protein, enabling efficient entry and fusion with lung cells. This finding suggests that future SARS-CoV-2 variants may regain the ability to cause severe illness in risk patients and people with insufficient immunity.
A survey of 2,000 German adults found that people with higher levels of empathy and cosmopolitanism are more likely to prioritize sharing vaccine supplies internationally. The study suggests that there is substantial public support for international vaccine solidarity when infection rates are at a modest level and falling.
Researchers created a real-time air monitor that can detect SARS-CoV-2 variants in about 5 minutes, with potential applications for hospitals, schools, and public places. The device uses an ultrasensitive biosensing technique and aerosol sampling technology to quickly identify airborne virus concentrations.
The decision analytic model found monoclonal antibodies pre-exposure prophylaxis to be cost-effective for individuals at increased risk of severe COVID-19. The study suggests that lower drug prices and higher effectiveness could further increase the benefits of mAbs PrEP provision.
A new study suggests that wastewater monitoring can be an effective way to track the spread of infectious diseases. The research found that testing for COVID-19 in wastewater was an objective way to measure where the disease was spreading, with most samples processed in under four days.
The Midwest AViDD Center has awarded $3 million in funding for six high-potential antiviral drug discovery projects targeting pandemic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, Lassa and Ebola. These projects will expand the Center's expertise across disciplines to discover effective responses to pandemics and life-threatening infections.