Articles tagged with Sars Cov 2
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Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a nasal spray with IgA antibodies that can protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The treatment significantly diminished virus load in infected mice and showed stronger binding to the spike protein compared to original IgG antibodies.
The Pirola variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rediscovered an entry pathway into lung cells that was previously used by earlier variants, which may promote the development of pneumonia. The virus uses the cellular enzyme TMPRSS2 for entry and is resistant to most therapeutic antibodies.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School have discovered a potential intranasal vaccine candidate that provides improved, longer-lasting immunity against COVID-19. The vaccine boosts mucosal antibody response and enhances long-term immune protection through preferential induction of airway-resident T cells and central memory T cells.
The BA.2.86 omicron subvariant can infect human lung cells more efficiently than previous omicron variants, raising concerns about potential severe disease symptoms. While bivalent mRNA vaccines can neutralize BA.2.86, the efficiency is reduced, emphasizing the importance of getting a newer booster vaccine.
A machine-learning enabled risk assessment model detects 72.8% of variants causing over 1,000 cases per million people within a week, increasing to 80.1% after two weeks. The model identifies key factors such as variant spike mutations and early infection trajectories.
The study found that solely the omicron variant influences cell cycle genes, leading to increased p21 expression and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This results in premature cellular senescence, potentially contributing to the reported cytokine storm and development of long-COVID.
A new study from Scripps Research scientists and collaborators found that local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was driven by travel between locations, not geographic proximity. The partial closure of the U.S.-Mexico border was ineffective in preventing cross-border transmission.
Two Melbourne-made COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated strong boosting capabilities against SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Phase 1 clinical trial. The vaccines focus the immune response on the receptor binding domain, potentially providing a more efficient approach to boost immunity.
Scientists have developed a new system to display epitopes in mammal cells for immunization studies, potentially speeding up the immunization process. This method allows for targeted immune responses against specific viral proteins without the need to purify antigens.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology found that most T cells can still target epitopes on the new Pirola variant, suggesting people may be able to mount a response against it. The study's findings provide positive news in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the importance of vaccination with updated vaccines.
Researchers found SARS-CoV-2 viruses persisting in lung cells for up to 18 months post-infection, despite undetectable upper respiratory tract presence. The study suggests a link between innate immunity failure and virus persistence.
Researchers found that a breakthrough infection builds upon existing memory B cell pool and introduces random mutations that prepare antibodies for new variants. Broad neutralizing antibodies can neutralize all tested Omicron variants.
A randomized clinical trial found that throat specimens had higher sensitivity for rapid antigen testing than nasal specimens when collected by a healthcare worker. In contrast, self-collected nasal specimens showed higher sensitivity for symptomatic participants, suggesting improved sensitivity with dual sampling.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School have discovered a novel mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 varies its mode of infection in human cells. The study reveals that the virus can alternate between being highly infectious and avoiding detection by the immune system.
Researchers have discovered that an HIV drug, cobicistat, can stop many coronavirus diseases when given to infected cells at the right concentration. The findings could strengthen antiviral treatments against current and future outbreaks of coronaviruses.
Researchers at UC Riverside found that SARS-CoV-2 entry varies among different species and tissue types, highlighting the need for thorough investigations into viral entry mechanisms. The study's findings suggest that targeting TMPRSS2 may not be effective in preventing COVID-19 infection in mink.
A recent study found that COVID-19 transmission rates in child care centers were only about 2% to 3%, with 1 in 20 symptomatic children testing positive. Vaccination is still highly recommended, as vaccines are a safe and effective way of preventing serious infection.
A study found that cancer patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher mortality and hospitalization rates compared to non-cancer patients, highlighting the increased risk of severe illness. COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients reduced this risk, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in protecting vulnerable populations.
A computer simulation by Nagoya University researchers found that human behavior, such as lockdowns and isolation measures, influenced the evolution of new COVID-19 strains. The study discovered that SARS-CoV-2 variants with higher peak viral loads were more successful at spreading, but also had shorter infection durations.
A systematic review of air filtration systems found little evidence to support their effectiveness in reducing the risk of viral infections. The study analyzed 32 studies and found no strong evidence that air treatment technologies can protect people from catching airborne respiratory or gastrointestinal infections.
A recent study by the Complexity Science Hub found that at least two-thirds of animal COVID-19 deaths were not reported to official sources. The researchers compiled a comprehensive list of 35 animal species susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the need for improved data exchange and reporting.
Researchers have identified a tiny hinge in coronavirus spikes that allows them to tilt and bend. This bending affects how successfully the spike can infect a cell. The study suggests that disabling the spike's hinges could be a good strategy for designing vaccines and treatments against a broad range of coronavirus infections.
A study found that 20% of patients treated with nirmatrelvir-ritavir (N-R) experienced virologic rebound, a phenomenon where viral load increases after initial decline. In contrast, only 1 untreated patient was affected. The researchers suggest considering the risks and benefits of N-R treatment in patients at low risk for severe disease.
An mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination before vs. during pregnancy and omicron infection among infants study found that maternal vaccination during the antenatal period was associated with a lower risk of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants up to six months of age.
A new five-year research project combines AI, virology, and ecology to anticipate future SARS-CoV-2 strains that could pass between animals and people. The team will use artificial intelligence to predict variants and assess risk of spillover from people to wildlife.
A new study suggests that gargling with salt water may be an effective remedy to improve respiratory symptoms and reduce hospitalization rates in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found that both low- and high-dose saline regimens were associated with lower hospitalization rates compared to controls.
A systematic review of prospective studies found that individuals with asthma or rhinitis may be at increased risk of developing long-term symptoms associated with COVID-19. The evidence for these associations was uncertain, highlighting the need for further research.
A recent study published in eClinical Medicine found that the GB510/AS03 vaccine elicited a stronger antibody immune response against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain compared to ChAdOx1-S. The vaccine demonstrated robust safety and efficacy, with no significant safety concerns identified.
Research out of Osaka University reveals that many Japanese people continue to wear masks for socio-psychological reasons, including relief and norm. The study found correlations between mask usage motivations and actual mask usage before and after the government downgraded COVID-19's legal status.
The LoCKAmp device uses lab-on-a-chip technology to detect Covid-19 and other pathogens in just three minutes, providing rapid and accurate results. The device has the potential to be used in remote healthcare settings and could also detect conditions like cancer.
Robust data supports face mask use to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in community settings. The study recommends masks as part of future pandemic responses to respiratory viruses.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 alters mitochondria on a genetic level, leading to widespread 'energy outages' throughout the body and its major organs. This affects the heart, brain, and lungs, contributing to long COVID symptoms.
A new study found that while most residents in British Columbia had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, older adults remained at highest risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. The researchers estimated that the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 was about 1 in 30 among adults 80 years and older.
A study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe found that individuals with severe COVID-19 infections experienced the highest prevalence of chronic physical symptoms and had the most persistent symptoms for up to two years after diagnosis. In contrast, those who were never bedridden during their infection presented with a sim...
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a novel platform that combines nanopore technology with artificial intelligence to detect different coronavirus variants quickly. The platform was tested on 241 saliva samples and detected the Omicron variant 100% of the time.
A recent study by the University of Gothenburg found no correlation between post-COVID condition and ongoing viral infection or active brain damage. The study analyzed 25 participants with confirmed post-COVID condition, six without residual symptoms, and 17 control subjects, revealing undetectable SARS-CoV-2 antigens in all samples.
A study of 83 children in 11 child care centers found low SARS-CoV-2 incidence and transmission within the centers, as well as from infected children to households
A new model predicts the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants by analyzing massive data on infections and vaccinations. Human immunity now drives the virus's evolution, with continued surveillance crucial to inform future vaccines.
A study found that COVID-19 transmission rates in child care centers were low, with only 2% to 3% of cases occurring within the centers. In contrast, household transmission was high, with 50% of children and 67% of adults contracting the virus once infected.
Researchers at Hokkaido University identified 2-thiouridine as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidate targeting ssRNA+ viruses. It inhibits viral replication and increases survival rates in mice models for dengue and COVID-19.
Researchers identified enhanced B-cell and T-cell responses in fully vaccinated individuals who became infected with SARS-CoV-2, generating immunological memory to prevent severe infection. Vaccine-primed memory T cells play a critical role in preventing severe COVID-19.
A study published in the Journal of Internal Medicine found that SARS-CoV-2 infection may worsen lower urinary tract symptoms in men. The research involved 17,986 men with medication for LUTS, half of whom had COVID-19, and showed a significant increase in urine retention, UTIs, and enlarged prostate issues.
A review in the Journal of Neurochemistry suggests a link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, with age being the largest contributing factor. Emerging evidence may further support this association, with research assessing influences on AD neuropathology.
Researchers will study the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among deer, including captive and wild populations, as well as its relationship with humans and the environment. The project aims to understand disease ecology in whole systems and inform better management practices for deer producers.
A primary mRNA vaccine series offers significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Singaporean children aged 1-4. The study found a low incidence of hospitalization and severe illness, but highlights the potential benefits of vaccination in preventing infection and sequelae.
Scientists have discovered the open and closed states of the coronavirus E ion channel, which could help develop antiviral drugs to reduce inflammation. The study's findings provide insights into the channel's structure and function, allowing researchers to design molecules that can bind to it and prevent inflammation.
Research found that young children's immune systems produce protective antibodies at high levels for up to 300 days after infection. Unlike adults, children have high levels of inflammatory cytokines in their noses but not in their blood, potentially explaining the mildness of COVID-19 in this age group.
A new AI tool named EVEscape can predict future viral variants of concern, potentially helping scientists develop more effective vaccines and therapies. The tool uses evolutionary and biological information to forecast which mutations will occur in viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 research aims to track long-term health symptoms in survivors. A $3.7 million grant will support the development of self-supervised deep learning technologies to recognize post-COVID lung progression phenotypes.
A new study reveals that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants depends on previous exposure and vaccination history. The research found significant differences in immune responses to various variants, highlighting the need for personalized vaccine approaches.
A portable laboratory device can rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from environmental surfaces, holding promise for scenarios where access to testing labs is challenging. The device uses a compact centrifuge and PCR technology to provide highly sensitive on-site detection.
Researchers have developed a synthetic peptide that could help reduce vascular problems associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19. The peptide, called TIP, works by binding to a subunit of the epithelial sodium channel, which helps maintain barrier function and prevent damage from viral proteins.
Scientists have developed a trivalent vaccine candidate that provides broad and long-lasting protection against COVID-19 infection by delivering the vaccine via the nose. The vaccine triggers a strong neutralizing antibody response and protects mucosal areas, preventing disease symptoms.
Using data from Mass General Brigham’s electronic health records, researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 accounted for approximately 1 in 6 cases of sepsis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate for patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated sepsis was initially high but declined over time.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that viral pathogens, particularly SARS-CoV-2, are a significant contributor to sepsis. The researchers found that approximately 1 in 6 cases of sepsis were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A new study reveals that COVID-19 triggers a dangerous immune response in hardened fatty deposits lining the heart's largest blood vessels. This inflammation can lead to immediate and longer-lasting heart issues, including plaque rupture and blockage of blood flow.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have developed an electronic diagnostic test for bacteria and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The 'Electro-chemical LAMP' (eLAMP) test is affordable, sensitive, and can be performed at home or in a hospital lab.
Researchers identified two SARS-CoV-2 protein mutations linked to severe COVID-19 symptoms and increased inflammation. The mutations, known as KR, were found in patients with higher viral loads and more severe symptoms.
University of Liverpool researchers develop a new material that captures coronavirus particles with minimal impact on breathability, increasing efficiency by approximately 93%. The new material has the potential to be used in various applications, including face masks and air filters.
Researchers have found a link between the antiviral drug molnupiravir and a pattern of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study used global sequencing databases to map mutations over time, identifying a mutational signature associated with individuals who took molnupiravir.