Articles tagged with Human Brain
Researchers found differences in genes and brain wiring between forest and desert flies, explaining how climate change impacts insects. Forest flies show increased avoidance of heat, while desert flies are attracted to warmer temperatures.
A recent study found an association between chronic stress and an increased risk of stroke in younger women, but not men. The study, which looked at 426 participants aged 18-49 who experienced an ischemic stroke with no known cause, found that moderate stress levels were associated with a 78% increased risk of stroke.
The Mount Sinai Hospital has become the first in the US to perform a deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantation procedure as part of a clinical trial investigating its effectiveness for treatment-resistant depression. The study aims to gather evidence on the impact of DBS systems developed by healthcare company Abbott.
Neuroscientists Michelle Monje and Frank Winkler's groundbreaking discoveries show that neural activity promotes glioma initiation, growth, and treatment resistance. Their findings have transformed our understanding of brain cancer biology and offer new opportunities for treatment.
Researchers at Lancaster University are developing high-performance memory devices using self-assembled molecular technology to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck in computing. The Memristive Organometallic Devices (MemOD) project aims to deliver faster, more stable, and energy-efficient AI hardware.
A large-scale study found that police officers with more active amygdalae before training were more likely to experience PTSD symptoms after traumatic events. The study suggests that understanding individual differences in amygdala activity can help make people more resilient to trauma.
A study by Mass General Brigham researchers found that women over 70 who took hormone therapy had faster tau accumulation than those who didn't. This increase was seen in specific brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest delaying hormone therapy may lead to worse Alzheimer's outcomes.
Researchers discovered that females' dormant X chromosome reactivates in late life, expressing genes related to brain development and cognitive health. This phenomenon may explain why women outlive men and retain their cognitive abilities longer.
Researchers at ETH Zurich discovered that pupil dynamics is related to specific patterns of brain activity and arousal levels, contradicting previous assumptions about low arousal during sleep. The study uses pupil measurements to monitor brain activity in humans for the first time.
Researchers have discovered alarming levels of microplastics in human brain tissue, with concentrations 3-5 times higher in individuals with dementia diagnoses. The study highlights the need for large-scale human studies to determine dose-response relationships between microplastic exposure and chronic health outcomes.
A Northwestern University study discovered a region of the brain processes subtle changes in voice pitch, transforming them into meaningful linguistic information that guides human understanding. The findings challenge long-held assumptions about speech perception and have implications for speech rehabilitation, AI-powered voice assist...
Researchers developed a new brain imaging technique to predict and guide stroke patients' recovery by analyzing white matter tracts leading to the limbs. The study found that atrophy in these tracts is strongly correlated with motor recovery after a stroke, enabling clinicians to tailor rehabilitation strategies.
Studies have consistently shown that 40Hz gamma stimulation can improve cognitive function and reduce Alzheimer's pathology in mice. In human clinical trials, participants exposed to 40Hz light and sound experienced significant slowing of brain atrophy and improvements on some cognitive measures compared to untreated controls.
A research team at the University of Cologne has identified a specific form of the tau protein, 1N4R, responsible for mediating toxic effects of protein clumps in human brain cells. This breakthrough understanding could lead to new treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that overexpressing cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in astrocytes promotes resilience to chronic social stress by reducing anxiety levels and depressive symptoms. The researchers also discovered an association between CB1 receptors and depressive symptoms in human brains.
Researchers have discovered column-like structures in the visual cortex of mice, where neurons processing stimuli from the same eye form clusters. This finding sheds light on the structural organization of the brain and may help solve the mystery of cortical columns' function.
Scientists found that parts of human chromosomes have evolved rapidly to enable complex brain development in humans. However, this acceleration may also lead to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. The study used artificial neurons derived from human and chimpanzee cell lines.
A new study reveals that schizophrenia's complexity is reflected in the individual brain structures of patients, with some experiencing perceptual disturbances and others cognitive impairments. The research suggests a precision medicine approach could tailor therapies to each patient's unique neurobiological profile.
Aging mice show significant changes in glycocalyx, the sugary armor on cells that form the blood-brain barrier. Restoring glycals improves cognitive function and reduces neuroinflammation. The study offers new avenues for treating brain aging and related diseases.
A team from the University of Trento combined AI techniques with neuroimaging measurements to analyze how emotions and language structure influence brain activity during interactions. The results show that neural synchrony is associated with emotional content and semantic structure, with implications for understanding human relationships.
Researchers discovered a horizontally distributed and modular organization of cortical movement units, with different types of neurons forming functional clusters in distinct regions. The study also found that the brain re-networks and adapts to learn new motor skills.
A new study found that parents show patterns of brain connectivity that directly oppose typical age-related changes, with the effect strengthening with each additional child. Parents also showed higher levels of social connection, with more frequent family visits and larger social networks.
The Center for BrainHealth has established three major new partnerships to enhance its mission to empower people at all ages with science-backed approaches for proactive brain health and fitness. The partnerships include GoMo Health, which will leverage the center's content to expand resources and improve compliance among large patient...
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel method to measure PTEN gene activity, which is associated with cancer and autism. This breakthrough may lead to personalized therapeutics and earlier disease detection.
A new study using OCT imaging revealed that nerve fibers in the inner ear adjust sound levels and compensate for hearing loss. In healthy mice, cochlear activity remained stable, but in mice with genetic hearing loss, cochlear function increased to enhance sensitivity.
A new study found that combining physical warmups with short bursts of cognitive tasks enhances athletic performance. Researchers discovered a 'Goldilocks effect,' where the right balance between cognitive and physical activities is key to optimal performance.
Researchers found that negative early life experiences can lead to delayed brain development in adolescents, increasing vulnerability to mental health disorders. The study suggests brain connectivity rather than cognitive control behavior is a stronger predictor of future substance use.
A new AI model measures how fast the brain ages by analyzing MRI scans, providing a more accurate picture of brain health. The tool closely correlates faster brain aging with increased cognitive decline and dementia risk, offering potential for early biomarkers and personalized treatment.
New study finds that limitations on working memory exist due to learning, rather than capacity, and shed light on dopamine-related disorders like Parkinson's, ADHD, and schizophrenia. By understanding this process, clinicians may adopt different treatment options for patients with these conditions.
The FDA has approved a new treatment for Parkinson's disease that can adjust to the individual's brain activity, providing precise stimulation. This technology, known as adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS), detects patterns of brain activity and delivers tailored electric pulses to reduce symptoms.
Researchers identified 19 metabolites and found that levels of certain compounds correlated with increased blood pressure, worse obstetric outcomes, and poorer end-organ function. The study expands scientific knowledge of preeclampsia and its mechanisms, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
Researchers identified three key principles in language recovery after stroke: rapid reinforcement of damaged areas by unaffected network regions, activation of homologous mirror-image areas, and increased communication between affected areas.
Dr. Paola Arlotta's groundbreaking research on stem cell-derived brain organoids has redefined human brain development and neurological disease understanding. Her work provides access to the complexities of developing human brains, making her a deserving recipient of the ISSCR Momentum Award.
Researchers found that amlodipine significantly reduced hyperactivity and impulsivity in rats and zebrafish bred to exhibit ADHD-like symptoms. The study suggests a potential target brain pathway for treatments.
Researchers identified a region in the brain's visual cortex that responds to food and developed a theoretical framework to explain its origins. The study used the Natural Scenes Dataset, which revealed a pattern of food specialization present in every subject.
Researchers discovered a common cognitive feedback loop used by Buddhist jhāna meditation and Christian speaking in tongues practices to achieve profound focus and joy. This 'Attention, Arousal and Release Spiral' offers insights into cultivating deep states of tranquility and bliss.
Researchers found that large language models use a semantic hub mechanism to process diverse data, integrating information from various modalities. They demonstrated that models can change their outputs by intervening with text in the dominant language, even when processing other languages.
A nationwide Danish study found that newborns with seizures are at a higher risk of developing epilepsy. The study analyzed data from over 1.3 million children and found that 20.4% of those with neonatal seizures developed epilepsy, compared to 1.15% of those without.
A new study identifies two groups of brain cells that help the mouse brain gauge the full range of possible rewards associated with a choice. The researchers used machine-learning concepts to study brain circuitry supporting reward-based decisions in mice, shedding light on how the human brain makes such choices.
New research found that neuroestrogens produced in the brain help suppress appetite, as confirmed by experiments where aromatase expression was restored specifically in the brain. This suggests a link between neuroestrogen levels and body weight regulation.
A global study by Amsterdam UMC found that new medication direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are equally safe and effective as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for treating sinus thrombosis. Regular monitoring is no longer necessary, making it more user-friendly.
Researchers created a computational method to track brain cell development over time, capturing unlabeled cells and fine structures in live cultures. The algorithm achieved high precision rates for detecting individual neurons, paving the way for studying neurological diseases and developing therapies.
Researchers found that a rare genetic syndrome causes different damage mechanisms in male and female brains, affecting neurogenesis and energy production. The study suggests that the ADNP protein plays a crucial role in brain development and aging, with distinct functions in males and females.
Researchers have created a geometric deep learning approach called MARBLE that can infer latent brain activity patterns across experimental subjects. The method uses dynamic motifs to analyze neural population recordings and has been shown to be more interpretable than other machine learning methods.
Scientists at NUS Medicine have developed a novel approach using nasal bacteria to deliver therapeutic molecules directly to the brain, reducing appetite and improving glucose metabolism in preclinical studies. The engineered bacteria leverage the olfactory mucosa's unique properties to deliver medication with enhanced bioavailability.
Researchers at the Kavli Institute discovered that grid cells perform rapid, rhythmic sweeps into the space ahead of the animal, allowing it to probe the environment. This new understanding of spatial navigation reshapes our understanding of how the brain builds mental maps and tracks precise positions within these landscapes.
Finnish researchers found pituitary macrophages regulate hormonal balance and may be used to treat endocrine disorders. Macrophages have a local effect on hormone secretion, decreasing when removed.
A new framework has been unveiled for understanding time persistence in the human brain, exploring how long functional networks remain in a particular state before transitioning to another. The study found that network persistence is linked to cognitive performance and genetic factors.
Researchers found that intracranial hemorrhages double the risk of dementia in people. The study analyzed Medicare claims and observed a two-fold increase in dementia diagnoses within 5.6 years after a hemorrhage.
A new clinical trial will evaluate whether adding ketamine to standard treatment can improve outcomes for patients suffering from status epilepticus. The trial, called KESETT, hopes to determine whether ketamine can terminate the seizures in more patients than current treatments.
A new study reveals that males and females respond differently to acute stress due to variations in the brain's molecular mechanisms. The research highlights a sex-specific difference in how stress is managed at the molecular level, with implications for personalized medicine and potential treatments for depression.
Researchers at the University of Florida have discovered a novel genetic mutation associated with an accumulation of toxic proteins in Alzheimer's brains. The study found that people carrying a specific variation of this repeated DNA strand have more than double the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's.
A new study led by researchers at Mass General Brigham suggests that different brain regions activated by creative tasks are part of one common brain circuit. People with brain injuries or neurodegenerative diseases may have increased creativity due to changes in this circuit.
A group of nerve cells called POMC neurons are responsible for dessert cravings, releasing a feel-good opiate when mice eat sugar. This pathway is activated even before eating, and blocking it reduces sugar consumption in full animals.
Researchers identified specific non-frontal brain areas involved in speech intent, which can be used to distinguish between language production and perception. This study is a crucial step towards developing a brain-computer interface to treat patients with Broca's aphasia.
A study by Nagoya University researchers found that excessive neuronal activation over time leads to brain function decline, contradicting previous theories. Interventions targeting reduced neuronal hyperactivation, such as dietary changes, may mitigate age-related cognitive decline in humans.
A new study found that white children were nearly twice as likely to have completed genetic testing, despite similar rates of test requests. The study also showed that insurance coverage for genetic testing was denied at higher rates for Black children, with disparities that could not be fully explained by socioeconomic factors.
Researchers at University of British Columbia discovered a new brain cell type called 'ovoid cells' that play a central role in remembering and recognizing objects. These highly-specialized neurons activate when encountering something new, triggering the process to store objects in memory.
The Center for BrainHealth hosts its third annual BrainHealth Week, offering simple tools and effective measurements for proactively increasing brain fitness and performance. A recent national survey reveals that 75% of people do not know how to promote brain gains, which BrainHealth Week aims to address.
Studies identified 153 cases of psychosis caused by brain lesions, which connected to a common circuit in the hippocampus. The circuit, including the rostromedial prefrontal cortex, is a promising target for transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy, potentially improving symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.