A team of UC Davis students conducted experiments on formation of new materials by combustion in an electric field using NASA's 'Vomit Comet' aircraft. The low-gravity environment enhanced the effect of the electric field, creating unique properties in new materials.
A study found that nearly one-third of online bladder cancer information is outdated and inaccurate, with limited information on treatment options and follow-up care. The researchers recommend using reliable sources such as the National Cancer Institute and MEDLINEplus for accurate information.
A study found that NS temperament in adulthood was predicted by an interaction between the DRD4 gene polymorphism and a hostile childhood rearing environment. Participants with certain genetic variants and adverse childhood experiences had a higher risk of exhibiting high novelty seeking scores.
Researchers discovered that stress can alter gene expression, leading to enhanced fear memory and long-term potentiation. By using a new gene-based 'antisense' drug, they successfully prevented these changes, attenuating the elevated freezing response and paving the way for novel treatments.
Researchers have deciphered the genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a microbe that can remove dissolved uranium from groundwater and generate electricity. The study reveals new capabilities, including enhanced electron transport and metal reduction genes.
A five-year study found that mechanical assist devices increased survival rates to hospital discharge for 77% of supported children. External mechanical hearts and ECMO provided the safest forms of support in urgent situations.
The NIH consensus panel confirms the effectiveness of total knee replacement surgery, highlighting the importance of surgeon volume and proper prosthesis alignment to minimize long-term complications. Computer navigation technology may eventually reduce malalignment risks but is currently unproven and costly.
OXiGENE has expanded its research and development program in ophthalmology following a significant improvement in a patient with myopic macular degeneration. The patient's vision was restored to 20/20 after treatment with CA4P, a vascular targeting agent.
The cold-chain hypothesis proposes that psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated foods contribute to Crohn's disease. These bacteria have been identified in disease lesions and may trigger excessive host responses.
Researchers have decoded the genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens, a microorganism that can clean up uranium contamination by precipitating radionuclides and metals from groundwater. The discovery opens up new strategies for bioremediation and the potential to generate electricity through bio-batteries.
Researchers say governance of critical resources is a struggle, but that humans can establish effective stewards through adaptable rules and dialogue. Successful examples include the Maine lobster fishery and Montreal Protocol on stratospheric ozone.
A study published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence found that oral fluid testing is as accurate as urinalysis in detecting opiate use. However, its effectiveness in detecting benzodiazepine use was significantly lower. The ease of administration makes it a promising alternative for treatment settings.
A genome-wide investigation found that reading ability in individuals with ADHD shares common genetic variants with the condition, but also has distinct genetic underpinnings. The study identified four chromosomal regions associated with reading ability, overlapping previously identified areas for ADHD and reading disorder.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a new technique to map the activity of thousands of genes in the roots of Arabidopsis plants, offering insights into how complex tissues develop from a single cell. The study reveals that nearly half of all expressed genes in the root show tissue-specific expression.
A study found that antiretroviral treatment significantly reduced the risk of HIV transmission from HIV-infected individuals to their partners. However, an increase in unprotected anal intercourse offset this benefit, highlighting the need for prevention interventions alongside treatment.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a multiparametric MRI technique combining T1, T2, and 3D imaging with contrast agents to improve breast cancer detection. The study successfully identified benign and malignant tissue clusters in all 36 patients, revealing the effectiveness of the combined approach.
A 10-year study by Wake Forest researchers highlights the need for better safety measures to protect migrant farm workers and their families from pesticide exposure. Changes are needed in housing, hygiene procedures, and pesticide application to reduce health risks.
Scientists at the Hebrew University and Max Planck Institute have discovered a gene-based approach to suppressing stress-induced reactions. They developed an 'antisense' agent that neutralizes the production of modified proteins, preventing extreme fright or immobilizing shock reactions associated with traumatic memories.
A new system has been developed to identify and isolate stem cells, providing a key to understanding regenerative medicine. The discovery offers promise for treating skin injuries, hair loss, and other conditions by identifying stem cells that can create tissue as needed.
The Lancet editorial highlights the need for improved patient and family support in hospitals, citing a tragic case of a chronically ill child's experience. The authors propose increasing liaison staff to at least two per ward to provide emotional wellbeing support and reduce stories like Michaela's in the medical community.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation significantly improves tissue health and enhances the wellbeing and independence of veterans with spinal cord injuries. Additionally, orthoses selection can improve clinical outcomes following cervical injury, while a home exercise program can improve upper-body endurance in wheelchair users.
Simulated driving performance was unaffected by opiate treatment, but impaired after alcohol consumption. The effects of alcohol in reducing performance were similar across all groups, challenging the need for restricted driving standards.
Researchers discovered a guidance mechanism that regulates nerve cell growth up and down the spinal cord. This discovery may help restore function to people with paralyzing spinal cord injuries by guiding damaged axons towards the brain.
Researchers have discovered a potential treatment for Ebola, showing a 33% survival rate among treated macaques. The study found that inhibiting blood coagulation pathways prolonged survival time and improved health outcomes.
Researchers studied how microbes control chemistry on mineral surfaces and found that bacteria produce surface coatings made of iron sulfate and goethite. The results show a fundamental difference between individual organisms and groups in controlling the process.
A new study finds that obese mice require the MSH hormone to develop diabetes, increasing resistance to insulin. Researchers believe this may lead to more effective preventive treatments for Type 2 Diabetes.
Researchers Bass and Tonkin found that ADARs interact with the RNAi pathway to regulate behavioral defects in C. elegans worms, particularly in detecting food. By disabling both ADAR genes and RNAi pathways, they eliminated behavioral defects associated with ADAR mutations.
The new Mathematics Institute will focus on addressing pressing global issues through mathematics, including epidemics, cosmology, and finance. It will attract top researchers and young talent from around the world for collaborative projects.
A team led by Philip Benfey created a detailed mosaic of cells showing where and when 22,000 genes are activated within growing root tissue. The results provide the first global resolution of gene expression for any organism.
The award honors intelligent and perceptive journalism on biomedical research, with a focus on accessibility and impact. Up to five stories can be submitted by individual journalists or teams, with a deadline of February 29, 2004.
Researchers found that bottom gears like dredges and trawls inflict the most harm on habitats and marine vertebrates. The team suggests banning or limiting these gears in sensitive areas.
A new drug, rNAPC2, has shown promising results in treating Ebola by slowing coagulopathy and death in primates. The treatment targets the disease process rather than replicating the virus, offering a potential breakthrough in combating the deadly disease.
The book examines how parental preferences influence the mix and quality of secondary schools, offering practical recommendations for policies on social justice and school improvement. It's based on a comprehensive analysis of figures from all schools in England and Wales over 13 years.
Researchers discovered that a single gene and brain protein are responsible for alcohol's intoxicating effects, leading to neural depression and uncoordinated movement. The finding suggests that targeting this channel could lead to new treatments for alcohol addiction.
A new study has identified a link between the size of apolipoprotein(a), a protein component of low-density lipoprotein, and an increased risk of heart disease in overweight individuals. The research suggests that analyzing apolipoprotein(a) size may provide a reliable way to discriminate between those at high risk and those without.
The University of Florida researchers have created photon sieves for visible light, which can sharpen the focus quality of a beam and reduce the amount of light that gets through a metal plate. This technology has the potential to change the way we think about optics and enable more life-like qualities in systems.