A molecular change found in human prostate cancers triggers growth of prostate cancer in mice and human cell lines. The overexpression of ERG transcription factor is thought to activate cell-invasion programs, displacing basal cells by neoplastic epithelium.
The JDRF Autoimmunity Center will focus on developing novel antigen-specific approaches to predict, prevent, and possibly reverse type 1 diabetes. The center will utilize the Barbara Davis Center's resources in collaboration with JDRF to create therapies specifically aimed at immunoprevention of type 1 diabetes.
A study of 227 breast cancer patients found that those who participated in a psychological intervention program had better health and functioning scores, with a 7% increase compared to non-participants. The program included training on relaxation, coping with stress, and strategies for improving health behaviors, resulting in fewer sym...
A new study highlights the link between depression and risky behavior among juvenile offenders. The research suggests that depression screenings should be included in the juvenile intake process to identify appropriate mental health interventions. This could lead to positive health outcomes for high-risk youth who have an arrest history.
Researchers found that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can migrate to damaged brain tissue after a stroke, improving neural function. The transplanted cells may also enhance tissue repair and functional recovery.
A new study funded by the Defense Department aims to develop a drug based on carbon nanotubes to prevent acute radiation injury deaths. The experimental drug, Nanovector Trojan Horses (NTH), has shown promising results in preliminary tests, with mice showing enhanced protection when given first-generation NTH drugs prior to exposure.
A Penn State University research team investigated the simultaneous effects of numerous factors on microsatellite mutability, finding that repeat number, length, and composition are significant predictors. The study has applications in medical genetics, forensics, and conservation genetics.
A new study found that combining coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) reduces the likelihood of subsequent heart problems by 24%, compared to 55% for CABG alone. SVR improves heart function, enabling patients to stay active and participate in daily activities without exhaustion.
Research reveals high-dose methotrexate significantly increases average survival rate to 4.5 years, outperforming radiation therapy with a one-year average survival rate.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed back-illuminated APDs that detect single photons in the ultraviolet region with high sensitivity. The devices have excellent uniformity and can be used to create secure communication systems and biological agent detectors.
The FIBER e-journal aims to assist the fashion and apparel industry in learning about emerging world markets and sharing best practices for working internationally. The journal highlights critical apparel production centers and emerging markets, including Guatemala, China, India, Thailand, and Italy.
Scientists used a transgenic system to monitor developmental regulated alternative mRNA splicing in live C. elegans worms, revealing conserved molecular mechanisms across metazoan evolution. The study enables experimental analysis of regulation mechanisms underlying alternative splicing patterns.
The PEM/PET system can spot tumors half the size of standard imaging systems, and complete an image and biopsy in a similar time frame. It features high-resolution PET images of the breast, guiding needle biopsies with a robot arm.
Researchers from Université de Montréal and Cary Institute found that commercial fishing plays a declining role in removing man-made nitrogen from coastal waters. Nitrogen-rich fertilizer run-off has increased nitrogen levels in coastal ecosystems, causing excessive plant growth, lack of oxygen, and reduced fish populations.
A large-scale drug comparison trial involving 23,077 people with both high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome found that diuretics significantly reduced the risk of heart disease. Diuretics were particularly effective in reducing cardiovascular disease in black patients, who have a higher incidence of hypertension.
A recent study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that individuals with sedentary lifestyles exhibit shorter telomeres, indicating an accelerated aging process. Regular exercise, however, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which may help mitigate this effect.
Scientists propose using ancient light absorbed by neutral hydrogen atoms to test string theory predictions. A gigantic array of radio telescopes would be needed to make the measurements.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley develop a technique using parahydrogen-polarized gas to visualize active catalysts in microfluidic devices. The method enables direct visualization of gas-phase flow in microscale catalysis, broadening the impact of MRI technology.
The Institute of International Education's Andrew Heiskell Award recognizes Rice's NanoJapan program, which merges study abroad and undergraduate research experiences in nanotechnology. The program has been successful in connecting engineering students with international research and cultural immersion.
Researchers found that frequent snoring is associated with a higher risk of developing chronic bronchitis, which involves inflammation of the lower airways. Individuals who snored six times or more per week were up to 68% more likely to develop bronchitis than those who never snored.
The US EPA has launched a voluntary program to collect safety data on engineered nanoscale materials, but experts argue that more action is needed to ensure public and market confidence in their safety. The program provides an opportunity for industry, NGOs, and other groups to voluntarily submit safety data.
Researchers found that El Nino winters lead to altered jet stream positions, resulting in intensified storm activity in several US regions. The study analyzed daily records of snow and rainfall events over 49 US winters, finding a connection between ENSO events and increased probability of severe winter storms.
Researchers found that carbon nanotubes leave the body primarily through the feces, with some by way of the urine. The study also allays worries that the nanotubes would prove toxic to mice, as none died or showed any anomalies in blood chemistry.
A study found that elephants' browsing activities create hiding places and twisted crevices in trees, which boost lizard densities. The research suggests that elephants play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem, particularly in African wildlife refuges.
The AAAS and EurekAlert have launched a fellowship program for Arab science writers, facilitating knowledge and cultural exchanges between the Western and Middle Eastern science communities. The program aims to promote international scientific dialogue and advance the communication of science news to global audiences.
A new study by Saint Louis University researchers found a striking correlation between patient prognosis and tumor size at diagnosis. Patients with tumors under 20mm had the highest median survival rates, but only accounted for 18% of cases.
Patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who use cannabis daily are at higher risk of moderate to severe liver fibrosis. Cannabis use combined with heavy alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of liver damage. The American Gastroenterological Association recommends avoiding cannabis use in patients with HCV.
Researchers found a consistent international pattern of depression and happiness levels, with middle age being the most miserable period, affecting both men and women across 80 nations. The U-shape in happiness levels and life satisfaction was observed in all countries studied.
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development has approved funding for a Center for Reproduction and Infertility Research at the University of Illinois. The center will support research on maternal-fetal interactions during early pregnancy and identify factors underlying infertility in women with endometriosis.
A recent genetic study has confirmed that the domestic cat's family tree is rooted in the Fertile Crescent, a region in the Middle East. The study found that over 11,000 cats from around the world were genetically clustered into four groups corresponding to European, Mediterranean, east African, and Asian regions.
The study mapped thousands of neuronal proteins to understand how they connect into complex signaling networks guiding neuron function. This research may lead to a better understanding of brain development, neurodegenerative diseases, and spinal cord regeneration.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to population aging and existing high rates, leading to complications and premature death. Most patients experience at least one complication within six years after diagnosis.
A study found that diuretics offer no advantages over other hypertension medications for treating metabolic syndrome, particularly in black patients. Diuretics were shown to be more beneficial than calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and alpha-blockers in preventing cardiovascular disease and kidney problems.
Researchers have restored the naked mole-rat's ability to feel pain, particularly in response to capsaicin, but remain insensitive to acids. This unique resistance may hold key to developing new pain relief strategies.
Scientists at UC-Santa Barbara found that fish larvae that endure long and rough ocean journeys arrive on reefs in good condition and go on to thrive. In contrast, locally produced young have a harder time surviving and only do well if they are in excellent condition.
The Keck Nuller has produced the first unified model for a nearby nova called RS Ophiuchi. The team observed the explosion using the nulling mode of the instrument and recorded the spectral signature of silicate dust at distances starting around 20 times the Earth-Sun distance, indicating that the dust pre-dates the explosion.
Researchers found that biofilms composed of resistant microbial cells are the cause of corneal infections fueled by soft contact lens use. They recommend improved testing with modern fungal strains and adherence to lens care best practices.
Research with genetically modified mice shows that blocking a single cellular change can prevent morphine tolerance and dependence. The study suggests a new strategy to develop morphine derivatives with improved pain relief without addiction risk.
The Baffin Island ice caps have shrunk by more than 50 percent in the last half century due to warming. The study found that these ice caps will be gone in 50 years or less if no additional warming occurs.
Researchers investigated how cell signaling in the stroma of cervical cancer affects tumor growth, revealing a key role for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). A genetic variant impairing glycogen synthesis was also identified in human skeletal muscles and linked to decreased muscle glycogen content.
The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) advises that clinicians provide information on potential benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening to men, especially those with family history or African-American background. Patient-clinician discussion is crucial for informed decision-making about screening.
A study published in PLoS Medicine explores the brain drain of doctors from Pakistan to the West. The authors argue that some Pakistani medical graduates who emigrate for higher training abroad have every intention of returning to their homeland with new expertise and knowledge, which can benefit the country's healthcare system.
Carbon nanotubes have shown significant advantages in high-speed analog electronics, and researchers built the world's first all-nanotube transistor radios to prove it. The radios demonstrate the growth technique's success and pave the way for practical implementation of carbon-nanotube materials.
The use of clinical trials to inform Medicare coverage decisions disproportionately affects older women with comorbid conditions, differing significantly from the target population. This disparity highlights the need for more representative trial populations to ensure better value and improved outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries.
Two microRNAs, miR-373 and miR-520c, have been identified as promoting the spread of tumor cells. The study found that miR-373 is a potential biomarker for metastatic breast cancer and may be used to develop new treatments.
Researchers found a genetic link to cold sore susceptibility on chromosome 21, identifying six candidate genes. This discovery may lead to the development of new drugs to reduce the frequency of herpes outbreaks and improve treatment options for millions affected by the virus.
Researchers develop inexpensive, quick-drying polymer PES for improved photolithography processes, enabling lower-cost, on-chip nanoimprinting lithography technology. PES offers advantages over existing materials in terms of cure temperature, water uptake, and adherence to copper.
Scientists studied prairie voles' mating habits and nervous systems to understand their behavior. The research found that male 'wanderers' lack receptors for spatial memory, leading them to return to territories with high contact with females.
Astronomers have determined that a hyperfast star, HE 0437-5439, originated from the Large Magellanic Cloud, contradicting its initial assumption of coming from the Milky Way. The star's elemental composition and velocity indicate it was ejected from the LMC by a massive black hole.
Researchers tracked participants' glucose levels over 72 hours to find that consuming caffeine increased average daily sugar levels by 8%. Eliminating caffeine from the diet might be a good way to manage blood sugar levels for people with type 2 diabetes.
Chameleons use dramatic color changes to display to conspecific competitors and seduce potential mates. The study found that the degree of color change is associated with social signaling, not camouflage, challenging the long-held camouflage hypothesis.
Since the Soviet collapse, Russian women's smoking rates have more than doubled, with men's rates also increasing. The researchers blame privatization of the tobacco industry and industry lobbying for this alarming trend. The study used data from over 7,000 individuals, showing that the least educated are disproportionately affected.
Scientists have found that snow accumulation in western Antarctica has doubled since the 1850s, with a shift in atmospheric circulation patterns contributing to the increase. In contrast, larch trees are benefiting from warmer climates, with fire return intervals decreasing due to their dependence on fires for seed germination. Researc...
A new study reveals that certain over-the-counter earwax softeners can cause severe inflammation and damage to the eardrum and inner ear. The products should be used with extreme caution due to their toxic potential.
The University of Chicago has launched a new research program on catastrophic deformation, a class of far-from-equilibrium behavior in physics, materials science and biology. The team will analyze aspects such as jamming, memory and singularities to better understand this complex phenomenon.