New research finds that epilepsy patients taking antiepileptic drugs are up to four times more likely to suffer fractures and have osteoporosis compared to non-users. The study also showed a significant increase in falls among female patients taking the medication.
Researchers at the Buck Institute have corrected the genetic mutation responsible for Huntington's Disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells. The corrected cells generated normal neurons in a mouse model of the disease, offering new hope for cell therapy treatments.
Researchers found that a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy with a transdiagnostic approach significantly improved anxiety disorders such as fear of flying and public speaking. This approach treats patients with one set of principles across all types of anxiety disorders, leading to considerable improvement in comorbid diagnoses.
A UT Southwestern study found that early intensive treatment of type 2 diabetes slows down the progression of the disease by preserving the body's insulin-producing capacity. The intensive treatment regimen was shown to be effective in maintaining steady insulin-producing beta-cell function for three and a half years after diagnosis.
The Ecological Society of America honored eight scientists with prestigious awards for their outstanding contributions to ecology, including Robert Naiman and Janet Lanza. The awards recognize meritorious research, teaching, and service to the field of ecology.
A new study shows that ovarian grafts can maintain hormonal function for more than seven years in some women, providing a long-term solution for fertility preservation. This breakthrough could benefit young cancer survivors with premature ovarian failure, enabling them to retain reproductive health for an extended period.
Jason Lewis's P.o.E.M.M. project develops ten new digital poetry apps that combine poet-created content with interactive elements, including user-generated and Twitter-based poetry. The project has received recognition from the Electronic Literature Organization, and its apps are available for download through iTunes.
Brazil faces threats to its environmental leadership from recent developments on deforestation, indigenous lands, and the Forest Code. The declaration urges the government to utilize scientific input and invest in science and education to maintain progress.
A genome-wide association study identified several genes associated with hippocampal atrophy, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease. The study found novel associations between brain degeneration and genes in the APOE, F5/SELP, LHFP, and GCFC2 gene regions.
New research reveals rhesus macaques have three times more genetic variation than humans but with a comparable ratio of damaging mutations, indicating strong selection pressure to maintain gene function. The study's findings provide insights into the impact of population history on genetic variation and evolutionary selection.
Researchers discovered that combining EGFR inhibitors with Wnt pathway inhibition can improve the durability of lung cancer remission. The Wnt pathway allows lung cancer cells to escape from EGFR-targeted therapy, but disrupting this pathway could lengthen the usefulness of existing treatments.
JILA researchers discovered that removing the gold coating on atomic force microscope (AFM) probes improves force measurements in liquid, reducing the error range by 10 times. This breakthrough enables precise measurement of fast processes like protein folding and unfolding.
According to a Northwestern University study, the prevalence of visual impairment in adults aged 65 and older decreased by 58% between 1984 and 2010. Improved cataract surgery techniques and reduced smoking rates are likely contributing factors.
A study suggests that the evolution of fungi capable of breaking down lignin may have played a key role in ending coal deposits. The findings propose that this ability allowed for the complete breakdown of dead plant matter into carbon dioxide, releasing it into the atmosphere instead of accumulating as coal.
Researchers discovered a new gene in the influenza virus that helps control the body's response to infection, reducing the impact of the disease. The PA-X gene was found to be active in mice infected with flu, leading to recovery, while its malfunction led to an overactive immune system and worsened infections.
Research found that consuming more dietary vitamin B12 and animal protein lowered arsenic levels in toenails, while eating more vegetable and animal fat also had a protective effect. However, omega-3 fatty acids were associated with increased arsenic levels.
Researchers have discovered a new and effective means of editing genomes, revolutionizing the field of genomics. By programming RNA to direct protein cleavage at specific nucleotide sequences, scientists can now edit DNA with unprecedented precision.
A University of Georgia study reveals that native clearweed plants have evolved resistance to invasive garlic mustard, and the invasive species is countering with its own chemical warfare. The study provides evidence of coevolution between native and invasive plant species, suggesting a potential for ecosystem equilibrium over time.
Researchers discovered that master regulator protein ATF6α brings a plethora of coactivators to gene expression sites, activating downstream genes involved in the ER stress response. The study suggests ways to dampen ER stress signaling molecularly and could reveal new targets for diseases like Alzheimer's and Huntington's Diseases.
Researchers at NIST have developed a novel clay-based coating that outperforms traditional flame retardants in polyurethane foam, reducing flammability by up to 17% while requiring only half the amount of chemicals.
A new study found that caffeine continues to enhance muscle performance in younger muscles but is less effective in older muscles. Researchers suggest that preserving muscle tone through physical activity could be key to maintaining health and functional capacity in the aging population.
Cedars-Sinai researchers created a laboratory model for Huntington's disease using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients' skin cells. The 'disease in a dish' model allows scientists to test therapies directly on human Huntington's neurons, offering a new pathway to identifying treatments.
Researchers developed a 'cost-sensitive' model to determine when importing a given plant is worth the risk, balancing economic benefits and environmental damage. The model uses statistical procedures to assess a plant's likelihood of becoming invasive.
A new study found that the number of viruses involved in a flu infection impacts the immune response, with high-dose infections generating stronger immunity and increased protection against reinfection. This discovery could lead to improved vaccine design and broader protection against emerging flu strains.
Researchers argue that adopting molecular phenotyping techniques like ionomics and genome-wide association mapping could broaden our understanding of complex interactions in plants. This knowledge could lead to more efficient crop improvement strategies, particularly for adapting to changing environmental conditions.
A team of scientists has generated a human model of Huntington's disease directly from the skin cells of affected patients, providing a new tool for researchers to study the disease and test potential therapies. The re-created neurons will help understand what disables and kills brain cells in people with HD.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a plasma-based technology that produces high-energy light, which can be used to etch next-generation microchips with 13.5-nanometer wavelengths. This breakthrough has the potential to overcome the industry's current limitations and enable further miniaturization of electronics.
Researchers at U of A have found fossilized tracks of a primitive bilaterian animal from 585 million years ago, indicating the presence of soft-bodied animals on Earth 30 million years earlier than previously thought. The discovery provides new insights into the evolution of animal life and its adaptation to environmental conditions.
A recent study has revealed that Scott's team starved to death due to insufficient calories and inadequate nutrition. The researchers found that the rations provided were too high in protein and low in fat, leading to a calorie deficit that was exacerbated by extreme physical exertion.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum successfully transformed spinal cord stem cells into immature nerve cells using sodium chlorate. This development holds promise for improving cell replacement therapies in diseases such as Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Researchers developed mathematical models to investigate viral control factors, revealing that innate immune responses, such as natural killer cells and interferon, explain the initial rapid decline and subsequent second peak of viral levels. Ultimately, the adaptive immune response is necessary for eventual viral clearance.
Wallace's pioneering work helped understand the role of mitochondria in disease and human evolution, leading to discoveries like Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and links between mtDNA mutations and age-related diseases. He is the first laureate to receive the award at Yale University.
A study by Princeton University researchers reveals that expectant mothers who experienced a hurricane or major tropical storm during pregnancy had children at elevated risk for abnormal health conditions at birth. The study controlled for other factors and found increased risk following exposure to weather-related stressors in the fir...
Researchers create ultra-thin zeolite nanosheets catalyst for faster chemical reactions in industries; increased efficiencies could lower costs for consumers. The discovery improves production per manufacturing dollar, leading to potential cost drops for gasoline and other products.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution have developed a method to observe lipid metabolism in live zebrafish, revealing new aspects of lipid absorption that could improve human health. The technique enables scientists to study the process by which proteins mediate fatty acid uptake and cholesterol transport.
Astronomers detected significant atmospheric variations on HD 189733b due to a stellar flare, with gas escaping at speeds over 300,000 mph. The discovery provides insights into the interaction between a star and its giant planet.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new remote-login program called Mosh, which solves many of SSH's problems and handles roaming better. The underlying communication scheme could also improve other mobile applications, such as Gmail or Google Chat.
Researchers at Cornell University have decoded a gene that contributes to tomato sugar, carbohydrates, and carotenoid levels. The uniform ripening mutation, which commercial breeders select for, eliminates photosynthesis in fruit, reducing sugar levels.
Researchers from Lund University call for abandonment of geo-engineering efforts to mix oxygen into the Deep Baltic due to unforeseen effects. The Baltic Sea is experiencing hypoxia, and while geo-engineering schemes promise short-term improvements, they are also potentially dangerous.
Hyrax vocalizations encode information on identity, age, hormone levels, and social rank. Singing promotes self-presentation and facilitates communication among the group.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have found that small RNAs play a significant role in regulating growth and mediating hybrid vigor in maize. By analyzing small RNA profiles of hybrids, they discovered that differences arise mainly from distinct siRNAs inherited from each parent.
Researchers at Beckman Institute developed a fast, non-invasive 3D microscopy method that visualizes E. coli sub-cellular structure in three dimensions without disturbing the specimen or using fluorescence or contrast agents.
Researchers measured PFC concentrations in five sea turtle species and found high levels approaching toxic effects in other animals. Hawksbills had the second-highest PFOS concentration, while loggerheads and Kemp's ridleys approached levels linked to liver and neurobehavioral toxicity.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have generated a human model of Huntington's disease from patient skin cells, providing a more accurate and faithful replication of the disease. This new model will help scientists better understand the development of Huntington's and identify potential therapeutic approaches.
The Quad pill, combining elvitegravir with cobicistat, has been shown to be effective in suppressing viral loads to undetectable levels in 88% of patients, compared to 84% for the EFV/FTC/TDF regimen. The new treatment also showed improved patient satisfaction and reduced prescription errors.
Researchers have discovered that ancient sea creatures like sponges and jellyfish possess the building blocks of striated muscles found in higher animals. Gene duplication is believed to be responsible for the emergence of muscle myosin, a crucial protein structure, which evolved independently in these organisms.
Researchers have developed a real-time brain-scanning speller that allows people with paralysis to engage in unscripted conversations. The technology uses fMRI and mental tasks to encode thoughts letter-by-letter, enabling back-and-forth communication.
A team of researchers has made a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionize the US tomato industry by introducing new varieties with improved flavor and quality. The study, published in Science, reveals two transcription factors responsible for the trait in wild and traditional tomatoes.
A new model suggests that frequency-dependent selection fosters genetic diversity by allowing different mutations to coexist and interact. This leads to higher diversity within populations, despite the potential decline in average fitness.
Scientists have assembled a massive catalogue of protein data using a new method, providing unprecedented insight into protein phosphorylation. This understanding brings researchers closer to unraveling the mechanisms of disease.
Scientists successfully converted skin cells from a patient with severe Huntington's disease into neurons that degenerate like those affected by the fatal disorder. This breakthrough enables researchers to test potential drug therapies on human brain cells in a dish.
Higgs boson discovery is crucial for understanding particle masses. Experiments are reducing data to find patterns in particle decay, but low probabilities make some channels harder to detect. Sophisticated software filters events to record particles of interest.
Researchers at Duke University find that clergy's practice of putting others first can lead to higher rates of chronic disease and depression. To overcome this, health intervention programs must be designed to address clergy's unique needs and beliefs.
A group of highly specialized fungi, identified through comparative analysis of 31 fungal genomes, developed a mechanism to efficiently decay plant biomass. These ancient organisms produced peroxidases that acted in synergy with other oxidative enzymes to degrade lignin, a polymer present in wood.
A team of scientists from Cardiff University and GEUS discovered a 100km-wide, 3-billion-year-old impact crater in West Greenland. The crater's effects were visible deep within the Earth's crust, allowing researchers to study impact processes nearly a billion years further back.
Researchers at BUSM found increased expression of FOXO1 gene in Parkinson's disease brain tissue samples. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with age at onset were also discovered, providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms of Parkinson's.
Researchers demonstrate blindsight in monkeys in everyday environments, finding they turn eyes to conspicuous portions of motion, brightness, or color. This discovery may indicate hidden visual function recovery for patients with hemianopia.
Researchers at the University of Alberta discovered a link between DHA intake and improved memory, with higher levels of DHA in the hippocampus leading to better cell communication. Supplementing with DHA may help prevent age-related declines in brain DHA levels.
A new study suggests that white rot fungi may have ended the Carboniferous period by breaking down lignin, a key component of coal. The research also identifies diverse fungal enzymes that could be used to generate biofuels, providing promising fossil fuels alternatives.
Researchers have recovered part of the genome of two individuals living in the Mesolithic Period, 7000 years ago. The study indicates that current Iberian populations don't come from these groups genetically. The genome found is the oldest from Prehistory and exceeds Ötzi, the Iceman, in 1700 years.