Researchers at UCLA developed a deep-learning-based technique to reconstruct holograms for microscopic images, producing better results than current methods. This approach could aid in diagnosing abnormalities in medical images and improve optical microscopy for medical diagnostics.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found no link between proton pump inhibitor use and increased dementia risk among older adults. The study reviewed data from 3,484 participants aged 65 and older, concluding that developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease was not associated with taking PPIs.
A new tool has been developed to evaluate a worker's skillset and determine its impact on wages. Workers with diverse, combined skills tend to earn higher wages. The tool helps job searchers better position themselves in the market by providing a better way to characterize worker skill sets.
A long-term study found that 20% of women self-rated their health as worse than peers in 2014, compared to 8.5% in 1990. The researchers suggest tougher working conditions, burnouts, and societal expectations may contribute to the negative trend among young women.
A research team recreated the lunar surface's formation and found that the Moon's crust initially formed from rock floating to the surface of a magma ocean. However, secondary processes resurfaced the Moon, exposing a younger, purer layer of plagioclase crust.
Scientists at the University of Vienna have developed an incredibly stable nanoscale clock that can maintain its accuracy for extremely long periods. The clock, which consists of a levitated silicon cylinder, has a precision of one millionth of a second over four days.
A new video game-based training program has shown significant improvements in balance and posture for children and youth with autism spectrum disorder. The six-week program, which rewards participants for holding 'ninja' poses, also improved in-game performance outside the gaming environment.
A new nanomapping technology combines high-speed atomic force microscopy with a CRISPR-based chemical barcoding technique to map DNA nearly as accurately as DNA sequencing. The technology can process large sections of the genome at a much faster rate, using parts found in DVD players.
Post-stroke delirium and spatial neglect affect approximately half of individuals with right-brain stroke, increasing their risk for prolonged stays and rehospitalization. Stroke survivors with spatial neglect are more likely to develop delirium, suggesting that these conditions may share a common brain mechanism.
A global survey of over 30,000 adults found that spirits are most frequently associated with feelings of aggression, while beer and red wine are linked to relaxation. The study suggests that understanding the emotional factors behind alcohol preference is crucial for addressing alcohol misuse.
A team of researchers at UC San Diego discovered a specific gene module that predicts patient life expectancy and metastasis across nine cancer types. The study found that a constrained environment triggers the formation of blood vessel-like structures in tumor cells, leading to aggressive behavior.
The discovery was made possible by DNA sequencing techniques, revealing differences in the number of tentacles, bell size, and stinging cells between the two species. The newly recognized species may have implications for understanding jellyfish blooms and their impact on Eastern oyster larvae.
Researchers developed a simple, minimally-invasive test to predict which CFTR drug works best for each patient. Nasospheroids, grown from nasal samples, are exposed to drugs and their reactions measured, offering a quick alternative to rectal biopsy.
Researchers have elucidated the role of HP1 proteins in relation to chromatin structure and genome stability. The study shows that different HP1 isoforms play distinct roles in regulating chromatin domains.
A mutation in the SCL24A4 gene is identified as the cause of enamel hypoplasia in Samoyed dogs, leading to discolored and malformed teeth. The study found that breeders can eliminate the faulty gene through selective breeding.
A team of UCSB researchers has developed a single-step method to convert methane into hydrogen while preventing the formation of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The process uses molten metals and results in a solid form of carbon that can be readily transported and stored indefinitely.
A new study by The George Institute for Global Health at the University of Oxford found that heart failure cases are on the rise in the UK, with the poorest people being the most affected. The study analyzed data from four million people in England and found a 12% increase in new cases between 2002 and 2014.
Two distinct mechanisms have been identified by which Th17 and Th1 lymphocytes breach the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis, targeting neurons and degrading myelin insulation. Understanding these pathways could lead to development of specific therapies to block immune cell entry.
Researchers used 'reality mining' to analyze mobile phone records of one million people, finding that the timing of sunrise and sunset still guides daily activities. The study also reveals sex differences in sleep duration, with women sleeping more than men as they age.
A daily insulin pill did not slow down or prevent type 1 diabetes development among individuals with a higher risk of developing the disease. The trial involved 560 participants who received either oral insulin or a placebo, and found that time to diagnosis was not significantly different between groups.
A University of Michigan study found that food-related cues stimulate brain activity, leading to overeating among some participants. The study revealed that such cues have little impact on liking or pleasure derived from eating.
Researchers find evidence of gold particles in Antarctic xenoliths, tracing them to the deep mantle. The study suggests that the mantle's history and tectonic movements led to gold deposit formation.
A study found that PDA stent placement offered better outcomes than traditional BT shunt operation for infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow, particularly in experienced centers. Patients who received stents had fewer complications, shorter ICU stays, and larger, more symmetric pulmonary arteries.
Researchers developed a new method to predict human mobility based on cell phone and GPS records, providing insights into movement patterns regardless of region size. The model uses mathematical calculations to discern individual and population-scale movements.
A new study explores the impact of ice on Martian landslides, finding similarities with Earth's ice-lubricated landslides and demonstrating how ice influences shape and velocity. The research uses glacial morphology and remote sensing measurements to model landslide dynamics.
Researchers identified key genes involved in scale and feather development, demonstrating their ability to convert scales into feathers by turning on specific molecular circuits. The study reveals five morpho-regulatory modules essential for modern feather formation and potentially explains how early birds evolved flight.
Researchers are developing new diagnostic tests and imaging techniques to diagnose NAFLD severity, predict disease progression, and monitor changes. The €34 million LITMUS project brings together clinicians, scientists, and pharmaceutical companies to create more accurate blood tests and treatments.
A new study suggests that a second HIV test can substantially reduce incorrect diagnoses in infants, saving costs on unnecessary treatment. The study found that confirmatory testing reduces the number of infants incorrectly diagnosed with HIV by 99.6%, leading to cost savings over a lifetime.
A recent study found that when a woman chooses not to take her husband's surname after marriage, people perceive him as being more feminine and having less power in the relationship. This stereotype is deeply rooted in traditional gender roles and norms.
Mucosal healing is crucial in treating ulcerative colitis, as it reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. The study by Flores and colleagues reaffirms that ongoing inflammation increases cancer risk and may impact surveillance colonoscopies.
Researchers measured optical and electrical properties of thin carbon nanotube films, finding that they exhibit conductive behavior with few energy barriers. The team used terahertz-infrared spectroscopy to analyze the charge transfer mechanisms in these films.
A team of researchers has discovered that ions in hybrid perovskite crystals migrate and create regions with reduced efficiency, degrading the material's performance. Limiting this ion migration could lead to improved high-efficiency solar cells with low costs.
A recent study at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that baby-boomers and millennials are disproportionately affected by the opioid epidemic. The study analyzed data from 1999 to 2014 and found that these age groups experienced a significantly increased risk of death from prescription opioid overdose and heroi...
Scientists have developed a revolutionary dipstick technology that can extract DNA and RNA from living organisms in under 30 seconds, enabling rapid disease diagnosis and treatment.
INRS professor Jinyang Liang has designed an ultrafast, highly sensitive imaging microscope to study living animals. The new technology bridges the gap between biomedical, physics, and engineering fields.
Dr. Bing Yao has received a major grant to investigate the relationship between brain iron concentration and fatigue symptoms in MS patients. The study aims to explore the role of basal ganglia in cognitive fatigue and its correlation with iron deposits in gray matter.
Experts utilize cutting-edge imaging techniques to create a 3D virtual model of cells, enabling scientists, students, and the public to explore and interact with 'real' cell data. This approach may improve understanding of cellular processes and enhance learning, research, and public engagement.
A new analysis by NYU College of Global Public Health finds Arkansas' law prohibiting local governments from enacting civil rights protections for LGBTQ individuals to be unconstitutional. The law, which was enacted in response to a similar attempt by Fayetteville, Arkansas, violates the Establishment and Equal Protection clauses.
Scientists at University of Basel find feedback mechanism to maintain insulin production in overweight patients, using ILC2 immune cells and retinoic acid. The study highlights the complex interactions between endocrine and immune cells in regulating insulin release.
Emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries increased significantly among young US females between 2001 and 2015. The rates of these visits rose by 18.8% annually among girls aged 10-14 from 2009 to 2015.
A new test predicts which people with type 2 diabetes will benefit from weight loss surgery. The DiaBetter score and percentage weight loss two years post-surgery are key predictors of T2D remission.
Researchers discovered that women with stronger social networks had better survival rates after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. The study found that patients with more intimate ties, such as family and friends, were associated with lower death rates. Social network strengthening could be a tool for managing colorectal cancer.
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School immunologist Luis Ulloa believes the body has an electrical network that can be used to manipulate and help control its functions. He suggests phone-based bioelectronic medicine could treat inflammatory disorders like arthritis, colitis, diabetes, obesity, and life-threatening infections.
Researchers found that breast cancer tumors impair learning and memory in mice before chemotherapy, suggesting cancer progression causes 'chemo brain' symptoms. After chemotherapy, cancer and drug therapy contribute to cognitive impairment.
A study by the University of Adelaide validated the latest climate change models forecasting bird impacts, showing they accurately predict range shifts over the past 40 years. The models now provide a more effective tool for targeting conservation management resources.
CVDVale's technology enables the use of ultrasonic drills without anesthesia in 70% of cases, allowing for faster and less painful dental procedures. The company's innovative approach to synthetic diamond production has also expanded its applications to orthopedic surgeries.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University have developed a new time-resolved spectroscopy method that analyzes quantized light transmitted through samples without femtosecond lasers. This design allows for cheaper analysis and preserves the sample, enabling studies of interactions and processes in substances.
A large-scale study has identified 136 genetic loci that increase the risk of developing atopic dermatitis, hay fever, and asthma. These variants are associated with genes involved in regulating the immune system, suggesting a shared genetic origin for the three diseases.
A new review article examines the effectiveness of lipid-based products, including liposome lid sprays and emulsion eye drops, in treating dry eye disease. The studies found that these products provide immediate relief of symptoms and improve the structure and stability of the tear film lipid layer.
Researchers discovered specific immune cells called B cells play a crucial role in eliminating mycoplasma bacteria from the lungs. Vaccines may be developed to elicit antibody responses protecting against infection, offering an alternative to antibiotics.
Researchers proposed a model explaining how plants regulate photosynthesis in response to varying light intensities through redox systems like thioredoxins and NTRC. The chloroplasts have protective antioxidant enzymes, such as 2-cys peroxiredoxin, which play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of these redox systems.
Researchers at UCSB have successfully measured Berry curvature in solid matter for the first time using a unique laser experiment. This breakthrough has significant implications for designing new materials with optimized Berry curvature for applications in electronic and optical devices.
A new method combining behavioral analyses with computer modeling revealed that individual fish pay attention to one or two neighbors when the school moves together. This finding has important implications for understanding how schooling fish coordinate their movements and could lead to advances in coordinating artificial systems.
An Army scientist has discovered a new pattern in thunderstorms that can help predict how weather and environment affect unmanned aerial systems on the battlefield. Strong downdrafts and super-cooled raindrops pose significant threats to UAS, but current models struggle to accurately predict these factors.
Researchers found that a specific G protein linked to dopamine receptors plays a role in both forming and erasing memories. The study suggests that the brain has an 'optimization process' that whittles away unnecessary memories, allowing for better function.
A new study found that heavy rainfall can indicate upcoming outbreaks of mosquito-borne viruses Zika and Chikungunya. The researchers developed a framework to predict where and when future outbreaks will occur, enabling municipalities to prepare measures to limit the spread of diseases.
The number of new heart failure cases in the UK has increased by 12% between 2002 and 2014, reaching numbers similar to those of breast, prostate, lung, and bowel cancer. The study found that people from deprived backgrounds are more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age with multiple chronic conditions.
Researchers from TSRI have identified a process in nerve cells called the S-nitrosylation reaction that may contribute to Parkinson's disease. The study found that this reaction can trigger cell death by preventing the proper removal of damaged mitochondria, leading to neuronal damage and death.
Researchers developed a biomechanical model to estimate the critical crowd size at which pedestrian bridge wobbling begins, allowing for the design of safer bridges. The model takes into account nonlinear effects associated with pedestrian behavior and bridge interaction.
MIT researchers discovered that under some conditions, melted metal particles can actually prevent them from sticking to a surface. Instead, the particles bounce away and leave behind a solid bond when they resolidify.