A study by Boston University School of Medicine researchers suggests that HIV RNA expression inhibitors can diminish atypical inflammation and restore immune function in HIV-infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Chronic viral infection leads to immune activation, causing non-AIDS complications such as cardi...
Researchers discovered tiny tunnels in the skull that connect bone marrow to the lining of the brain, enabling immune cells to quickly reach injured tissue. The study found that these channels play a crucial role in inflammation and may be important in various brain disorders.
Hydroxyl-terminated diamond surfaces created via water vapor annealing maintain atomically flat surfaces and remove two-dimensional hole gas layers, enabling high-temperature operation.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has developed the world's smallest medical robot, made up of nanocomposite particles that can be remotely controlled by an electromagnetic field. These robots have the potential to target cancerous cells for treatment and potentially treat Alzheimer's disease.
The discovery of the Bombali virus in Sierra Leone's bats marks a significant breakthrough for the PREDICT project, which aims to find viruses before they spillover into humans. The finding suggests that bats are likely hosts of ebolaviruses and underscores the importance of understanding their role in preventing Ebola outbreaks.
Researchers develop radiomic signature to predict efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with solid tumors. The algorithm analyzes CT scan images to extract biological information, providing a predictive score for treatment effectiveness.
Researchers developed a new method to measure degeneration of sensory neurons grown in a lab, improving the screening of experimental therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. The automated test uses software-assisted analysis to accurately assess nerve cell densities and shapes.
Researchers have proposed a new model for Jupiter's birth, revealing three distinct phases of growth. The first phase was characterized by rapid accretion of small pebbles and core building, followed by slower accretion of larger planetesimals that brought energy to the growing planet.
A new intelligent machine, Image-Activated Cell Sorting (IACS), sorts cells based on their spatial and morphological properties using an image-driven approach. The platform has been optimized for analyzing individual cells and holds promise for making machine-based discoveries in biological sciences.
Researchers found that vamorolone improved muscle repair and strength in experimental models of LGMD2B, while prednisolone worsened muscle weakness and degeneration. The study suggests modified steroids like vamorolone may be an option for some patients with the disease.
University at Buffalo scientists discovered that the chemical methylene blue, commonly found in textile mill wastewater, is good at tasks associated with energy storage. The compound can capture, store and release electrons, making it a viable material for liquid batteries.
Research found that biodiversity increases live tree carbon storage by up to 20 megagrams per hectare, but has a smaller impact on overall carbon storage. Climate and site topography have a more significant effect on forest carbon storage.
Researchers identified APOBEC enzymes as major contributors to the development of aggressive skin cancer in patients with Butterfly Syndrome. The discovery reveals a mechanism that instigates tissue damage-driven cancers and provides new therapeutic strategies.
A study by Duke University researchers shows that slow and steady animals actually have a faster average speed over their lifetimes than fast but erratic ones. The analysis also applies to modern aircraft design, where jet fighters are surprisingly slow when averaged over their service lifetime.
The new journal tracks China's dominance and rise, analyzing historical, cultural, social, economic, and political impact of initiatives like AIIB and BRI. Global experts provide unique insight on the transformative effects on global mindsets.
Deaths from drug overdose and suicide in the US have surpassed those from diabetes, with rates increasing by 80% between 2000 and 2016. Researchers urge national initiatives to tackle common factors behind 'self-injury', citing trauma, adversity, and mental health issues as key drivers.
A large-scale study found that reducing the frequency of blood transfusions in cardiac surgery patients results in similar or better patient outcomes, while also saving blood and reducing costs. The study involved over 5,200 patients across 19 countries and suggests a new approach to transfusion therapy.
Scientists have observed intersubband transitions in few-layer 2D materials using s-SNOM, revealing a new class of materials for infrared detection and emission. The study also shows potential for compact integration with Si CMOS.
Researchers reduced household lead levels and found significant reductions in dust lead levels, especially among black children. However, the intervention did not result in significant neurobehavioral improvements, such as improved IQ or behavior. The study suggests that eliminating residential lead exposure may be necessary to fully p...
Researchers discovered a brain-heart biomarker that can identify mice at risk of developing post-cerebral malaria epilepsy. This finding could translate to humans and improve therapeutic approaches for patients recovering from traumatic brain injury or stroke, which are estimated to develop epilepsy in up to 15 percent of survivors.
Researchers argue that sugar is not responsible for obesity and metabolic diseases, citing evidence from multiple domains. Experts also highlight the importance of physical activity in determining metabolic health. The debate raises questions about the role of sugar in modern diets and whether restrictive recommendations are effective.
A new study published in JAMA Neurology shows that the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion has reduced the number of young stroke survivors who stop taking their medications due to cost. The study found that nearly 31% of all stroke survivors aged 45-64 were covered by Medicaid, up from 24% in 2011-2013.
A study found that nearly 20% of children use prescription medications, with 7.5% using multiple medications simultaneously. Adolescent girls are most vulnerable to harmful drug-drug interactions due to higher concurrent use of antidepressants and other psychotropic medications.
Scientists at Washington University in St. Louis have created an algorithm to reveal connections between cells over time, potentially impacting circadian rhythms. The approach, called ICON, shows the strength of these connections, which could lead to a better understanding of brain disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Predictive Science Inc. developed a complex numerical model to simulate the corona, using data from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory. Their prediction bore a striking resemblance to the Aug. 21, 2017, corona, indicating advances in the new model and its ability to reflect key features such as helmet streamers.
Researchers discovered a previously unseen 'ecosystem' in advanced breast cancer, where primary tumors emit signals to halt secondary tumor growth. The study found that activating the immune response can freeze secondary cancers, offering new hope for living with advanced breast cancer.
Researchers studied pancreas duct formation in mice and found that the network resembles road networks, with stronger ducts expanding and weaker ones shrinking. This study may lead to better understanding and treatment of cystic fibrosis and other diseases involving abnormal duct formation.
Researchers discovered a predictive biomarker for epilepsy by analyzing the connection between heartbeat irregularities and abnormal brain activity in mice. They found that anomalous heart rate patterns slightly preceded abnormal brain waves, allowing them to predict which mice would develop seizures with 100% accuracy.
Researchers found that cold climate cycles coincided with the absence of Neanderthal tools and the rise of modern humans in Europe. The limited diet of Neanderthals, which relied on terrestrial meat sources, may have contributed to their decline during stadials.
The NIH study found that the EXP2 protein forms a channel in the vacuole membrane of Plasmodium falciparum, enabling the parasite to obtain essential nutrients. This discovery could lead to the development of new drugs targeting this nutrient transport mechanism.
A new predictive model by Cornell University researchers aims to reduce food waste and spoilage by making 'sell-by' dates on milk cartons more precise. The model shows that refrigerated milk at lower temperatures significantly reduces the presence of spore-forming bacteria, leading to improved shelf life.
Engineered E. coli strains have successfully produced extracellular free haem using a novel strategy, overcoming previous limitations in production efficiency and yield. The optimized metabolic pathway enables high titer production of haem, paving the way for its use as a bioavailable iron-supplying agent in medical applications.
A new minimally-invasive surgical technique has been developed to create dialysis access for patients with severe kidney disease. The WavelinQ endoAVF System allows vascular surgeons to create a connection between an artery and vein using magnets, reducing the risk of complications and surgeries.
Researchers synthesized a novel rod-like metal-organic framework (MOF-5) nanomaterial for efficient removal of uranium hexafluoride. The study found that MOF-5 exhibited high sorption capacity and was an effective candidate for U(VI) enrichment, alleviating environmental pollution pressure.
Researchers create standardized model by reclassifying bacteria into 121 separate genus groups across 29 different families. The study uses metagenomics and genome sequencing technology to overcome historical difficulties in classifying microbial species.
Researchers at UCSB and the University of Oregon discovered that efforts to close off fishing in marine reserves paradoxically led to more fishing, exacerbating habitat degradation. The preemptive behavior was equivalent to 1.5 years of avoided fishing following the ban.
A study published in Frontiers in Zoology found that traffic noise may contribute to aging in Zebra finches, with birds exposed after fledging having shorter telomeres. The researchers suggest that this period is critical for song learning and development, making birds more sensitive to noise.
Researchers discover a new type of human brain cell that has never been seen in mice and other laboratory animals. These 'rosehip neurons' may play a role in fine-level control between regions of the human brain, and their absence in rodents suggests difficulties in modeling human brain diseases.
A new study found that the Siberian Flood Basalts, a massive volcanic eruption around 250 million years ago, sent nearly 90% of life into extinction. The team discovered that chlorine, bromine, and iodine in the lithosphere were released into the atmosphere, destroying the ozone layer.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes identify 156 genes affecting ATP levels in cells, shedding light on cellular energy production. The findings could lead to the development of new therapies for diseases such as mitochondrial disorders, heart disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Tropical cyclones regularly develop in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. NASA's GPM mission observed intense rainfall near Tropical Storm Miriam's center, with rain falling at over 190 mm per hour. The satellite's radar data revealed the 3D structure of precipitation within the storm, providing insights into energy release and fuel formation.
Researchers found that listening to yoga music before bed increased heart rate variability, while pop music decreased it. Additionally, yoga music reduced anxiety levels and improved participants' mood.
Researchers analyzed gomphotheres' tooth fossils for dietary patterns, finding evidence of tree browsing and herb grazing. The study suggests that the mammals' diets were flexible according to resource availability and latitudinal climate gradients.
A new study published in EClinicalMedicine found that the loss of treated bed nets between mass campaigns significantly increases malaria transmission. Continuous distribution approaches can help maintain access to effective nets.
Researchers have identified a gene variant linked to chronic pain after traumatic injury, specifically the FKBP5 gene, which regulates the stress response and is affected by microRNA miR-320a. Individuals with this variant are more likely to experience increased pain due to altered cortisol levels and nerve sensitization.
Researchers from Australia and the UK have isolated three related rust resistance genes that confer distinct recognition specificities to the stripe rust pathogen. This breakthrough could enable accurate monitoring and integration of these genes into breeding programs to combat evolving pathogens.
Dr. Lequerica's work focuses on the relationships between insomnia and fatigue after TBI, aiming to generate effective interventions to address the needs of TBI survivors. He has authored over 40 peer-reviewed publications and is a leading expert in brain injury rehabilitation.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been associated with a decrease in cost-related nonadherence to medication among adult stroke survivors. This is primarily attributed to the increase in Medicaid coverage and subsequent reduction in uninsurance rates within this group.
Researchers have developed tools to break down pesticides in the environment using catalytic amyloids. The discovery shows that these molecules can facilitate multiple chemical transformations at once, offering a promising approach for OP detoxification. Catalytic amyloids have been shown to hydrolyze paraoxon by several thousand-fold.
Researchers observed 'antennal grabbing' behavior in three different cuckoo bee species in the genus Nomada, where males transfer pheromones during copulation. This phenomenon has been documented for the first time in this genus, shedding new light on the courtship and mating behaviors of these kleptoparasitic bees.
A team of Japanese scientists has demonstrated a method to produce novel light beams from synchrotron radiation, enabling the generation of X-ray vector beams. This breakthrough could pave the way for new applications in X-ray diffraction, scattering, and absorption/emission spectroscopy.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that household food insecurity is strongly associated with increased mortality rates in adults. The study analyzed data from Ontario, Canada and found that more severe levels of food insecurity were linked to a higher risk of mortality.
A new study by NYU researchers found that people form impressions of others' personalities from facial features based on their pre-existing beliefs about personality. The study's findings suggest that face impressions are shaped by our own beliefs, and can be highly inaccurate but consequential in real-world outcomes.
Scientists have identified two rare fatty acids, Nebraskanic acid and Wuhanic acid, in the seeds of a flowering plant native to central China. The discovery could lead to improved performance of vegetable oils as lubricants and biofuels.
A new study explores the cognitive effects of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its treatment on brain function. The research reveals that connectome disruption is associated with delayed neurodevelopment in long-term survivors, with younger age at diagnosis and longer chemotherapy duration linked to poorer outcomes.
Researchers found a 130% increase in fishing activity in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area before a full ban took effect, setting back conservation efforts. The study suggests that people will adapt rationally to policy changes, leading to unintended consequences for conservation goals.
A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that nearly 1 in 3 US veterans who own firearms store at least one loaded gun unlocked. This practice contributes to heightened suicide risk among vulnerable individuals who perceive firearms as a means of protection.
Two new $1 million NSF grants will support RENCI's efforts to develop a high-performance platform for scientific data processing and detect unintentional data errors. The projects aim to improve scientific productivity, increase confidence in outcomes, and facilitate seamless integration of available resources and networks.
A new study among senior Singaporeans suggests that happiness is directly proportional with a reduction in mortality. Happy older people lived 15% longer on average compared to unhappy counterparts, with even small increments in happiness showing significant benefits for longevity.
Researchers found that inflammatory response triggered by primary breast cancer prevents tumor cells from growing in distant organs. Inhibitors of interleukin-1β, such as canakinumab, are being tested in clinical trials for potential benefits in preventing metastatic growth.