A study found that Pseudomonas protegens, a soil-dwelling bacterium, releases toxins through its type VI secretion system to protect plants from diseases. The toxins target NAD+, destroying other bacterial species and allowing the plant-protective bacteria to outcompete them.
A team of Columbia engineers, led by Michal Lipson, has developed a groundbreaking AR glass design that enables high-resolution projection and detection with no moving parts. The technology leverages recent work on engineered optical materials (EnMats) and silicon nitride integrated photonics to provide an ultrahigh-resolution see-thro...
Researchers classify world's tropical forests by evolutionary history, uncovering five major regions and finding surprising similarities between African and South American forests. The study aims to inform conservation efforts by predicting region-specific vulnerability to global environmental changes.
Small birds have more energy-efficient wing strokes than bats, creating a single large air vortex ring behind them. This reduces airflow speed and demand on birds for flying long distances.
Researchers discovered tiny islands in yeast cell membranes where transport proteins are stored before use. The study reveals how these proteins move slowly through the membrane and provides new insights into protein localization and trafficking.
A study by Kaiser Permanente and University of Washington found that patients with chronic kidney disease who receive implantable cardioverter defibrillators experience a significantly increased risk of subsequent hospitalization. The use of ICDs was associated with a 49% increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure and a 25% in...
A new species of arachnid resembling a spider with a tail has been discovered in 100-million-year-old amber from Myanmar. The finding provides insight into arachnid evolution and suggests that tailed descendants may still be alive today.
PanTHERA CryoSolutions has discovered a small molecule inhibitor that prevents ice recrystallization, a process causing cell death and damage when freezing cells and tissues. This technology results in faster engraftment and increased incidence of engraftment for clinical settings.
Researchers at Clemson University have developed a wireless energy generation device called W-TENG, which generates electricity from motion and vibrations. The device uses graphene-PLA fiber and can generate enough voltage to power standard electrical outlets or store energy wirelessly in capacitors.
A Cornell University study has identified genes in the brain that regulate social behaviors in fish, including reproduction, parental care, and aggression. The research found that these genes are expressed during flexible social behaviors, which is crucial for survival and reproduction.
Scientists have identified a therapeutic approach targeting glioma stem cells, which could lead to improved patient survival. By utilizing drugs that target these cancerous cells, the team aims to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy agents and prevent recurrences.
A new study suggests that meditation has a limited role in improving an individual's behavior towards others and increasing compassion. Despite initial positive results, the study found that methodological flaws and biases significantly influenced the findings.
Researchers found subtle changes in fetal brains infected with Zika virus during pregnancy, which can lead to significant learning problems and mental health disorders. The study suggests that children infected with the virus at a young age may also be at risk of brain damage.
A novel research approach by Oregon State University has shed light on how midsize predators like fishers interact with each other. The study found that fishers are the dominant small carnivore when present, negatively affecting foxes directly and ringtails indirectly.
The study analyzed nearly 46,000 records of alien species from 1500-2005, finding that a substantial proportion of newly recorded species had not been previously reported elsewhere. This suggests that access to new potential alien species has increased over time, contributing to the global rise in emerging alien species.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a super-adsorbent metal-organic framework (MOF) that can adsorb water at high capacity and release it easily when humidity levels fall. This MOF has been shown to outperform existing materials in terms of capacity, reversibility, and cyclic performance.
A recent study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that consuming hot tea at high temperatures is associated with a significant increase in the risk of esophageal cancer. The research, which followed over 450,000 participants for nine years, suggests that abstaining from hot tea may be beneficial for individuals who drink al...
Increased investments in vaccines administered to low- and middle-income countries could avert up to 36 million deaths and 24 million cases of medical impoverishment. The poorest households would likely receive the most benefit from increased access to vaccines due to their higher risk and limited healthcare use.
A study published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry found that PFAS can inhibit a mussel's immune system, but the effects are reversible. The research highlights the importance of monitoring regions with high environmental concentrations of PFAS.
Lymphatic filariasis treatment programs in urban areas face difficulties due to the high cost and challenges of mass drug administration. The study suggests re-examining the effectiveness of MDA in densely populated towns and cities.
A review published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology suggests that environmental noise, including traffic noise, may contribute to the development of heart disease. The study proposes that noise induces a stress response, leading to vascular damage and increased risk of hypertension and diabetes.
Ants and aphids coexist in a symbiotic relationship where ants protect aphids from predators and aphids secrete honeydew for ants. The presence of ants improves the reproduction rate of inferior green aphid morphs, which were previously thought to be disadvantaged.
The EU-funded Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium (ARICE) aims to improve access to research icebreakers and develop strategies for coordinated use of polar research vessels. The consortium will give scientists fully funded access to six research icebreakers, enabling them to conduct research in the Arctic Ocean.
Researchers at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School developed a two-minute questionnaire to detect autism in toddlers. The Psychological Development Questionnaire (PDQ-1) correctly identified children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from all socioeconomic communities.
A new study by CIRES at the University of Colorado Boulder reveals that children who played with construction-based toys and video games had higher spatial skills compared to their peers. The research found that when childhood play patterns were controlled for, gender differences in spatial skills disappeared.
The study rules out a cloud-free hydrogen-rich atmosphere for three planets, but leaves open the possibility for planet TRAPPIST-1g. The observations provide key insights into the potential habitability of these planets, paving the way for future studies with the James Webb Space Telescope.
NAD+ supplementation improves cognitive function, reduces DNA damage and neuroinflammation in AD mouse model with DNA repair deficiency. Researchers report promising results with potential implications for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
The US rheumatology workforce is projected to face a shortage due to an aging population, retiring baby boomer rheumatologists, and changing practice trends. By 2030, the supply of rheumatologists is expected to fall short of demand, with some regions facing a particularly severe maldistribution.
Scientists investigated aerosol optical properties and radiative effects in the Pearl River Delta region of China. They found that fine-mode strongly absorbing particles dominated aerosols during the dry season, significantly influencing radiation exchange between Earth's surface and atmospheric system.
A study examined the relationship between free chlorine concentrations and the 2014-2015 Legionnaires' disease (LD) outbreak in Flint, Michigan. The results indicate that decreasing concentrations of free chlorine in the water were associated with increased risk of developing LD, with a 80% increase per 1 mg/L decrease.
A new, simplified Braden QD Scale better predicts pressure-related skin injuries in pediatric patients. The scale identifies combined immobility- and device-related risks, allowing for more effective prevention strategies.
The discovery reveals that chemical desorption is more efficient than previously believed, releasing particles and advancing our understanding of star formation in molecular clouds. This finding has significant implications for the study of interstellar chemistry.
The team aims to build a new type of computer that can speed up simulation of fusion reactors using high-speed analog computers based on RF/mm-wave circuits. This three-year project will explore how computationally intensive engineering and physics problems can be more rapidly solved.
A team of researchers has successfully controlled multiple quantum mechanical properties in a single material, including ferroelectricity and conductivity. The breakthrough could lead to the development of ultrafast, low-power electronics and quantum computers.
Newborn naked mole rats display developmental senescence in various tissues, including hair follicles, nail beds, and skin dermis. Oncogene-induced and DNA damage-induced senescence occur in embryonic and skin fibroblasts, suggesting cellular senescence is not eliminated with evolution.
Researchers at USC discovered a cellular mechanism that limits the number of 'cellular janitors' in the nervous system, leading to increased risk for ALS and frontotemporal dementia. The study found that a mutation in the C9ORF72 gene causes toxicity in nerve cells, resulting in cell death and degeneration.
A study published in Thorax found that leisure-time vigorous physical activity is associated with better lung function among current smokers. Regular physical activity was shown to improve respiratory muscle endurance and strength, leading to higher lung function.
Researchers have shed light on the mechanism behind important proteins on N. gonorrhoeae's outer membrane, potentially leading to new antibiotics or a vaccine. The findings suggest that BamE could be a new vaccine target against N. gonorrhoeae.
Researchers found that crizotinib enhances radiosensitivity of tumors and inhibits growth of cultured tumor cells from NF2 patients. A novel mouse model mimicking NF2-associated hearing loss was also created to study the molecular pathway contributing to tumor progression and radiation-induced hearing loss.
Researchers found that dim light exposure led to significant reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dendritic spines, impairing learning and memory performance. Bright light exposure, on the other hand, showed improvement in spatial task performance, with full recovery after a break.
Researchers have discovered a new form of flagella-mediated motility shown by symbiotic bacteria, which enables them to swim by wrapping their flagellar filaments around their cell bodies. This unique motility mechanism allows the bacteria to pass through narrow constricted passages and is essential for symbiotic relationships with bea...
A Saint Louis University study found that treating depression can increase the likelihood of successful opioid cessation in non-cancer pain patients. Patients who adhered to antidepressant medications were more likely to stop opioids and experience a rapid decline in depression symptoms.
A new Penn Medicine study found that offering free Lyft rides to Medicaid patients did not decrease the rate of missed appointments. The study suggests that transportation barriers may be complex and require a multifaceted approach to address.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health researchers found a strong association between structural racism and racial disparities in fatal police shootings at the state level. States with higher levels of residential segregation had higher rates of unarmed black victims killed by police, even controlling for arrest rates.
A study published in Pediatric Transplantation found that detecting and treating dnDSA early can decrease antibody levels by 76% and prevent graft failure. However, the treatment came at a price: increased hospitalization rates for infection.
A study by the University of Leeds found that no country satisfies basic human needs while using resources sustainably. The research analyzed 151 countries and their resource use and well-being achievements, revealing that only wealthy nations like the US and UK meet basic needs without exceeding global environmental limits.
A Johns Hopkins analysis found that children of low-income parents enrolled in Medicaid had a 29% higher probability of receiving a well-child visit compared to those not enrolled. The relationship was strongest among families with incomes between 100% and 200% of the federal poverty level.
A new study finds that climate change can cause political and diplomatic problems at US military bases, including unexpected cleanup costs and conflict between the US and countries hosting the bases. Rising temperatures and sea levels threaten to remobilize toxic waste, putting personnel and local inhabitants at risk.
A possible treatment for Hajdu-Cheney syndrome has been identified, which may also help with age-related osteoporosis. Researchers found that a medication called DAPT blocks osteoclast formation, reversing bone loss in mice with the disease.
A new study by NYU College of Global Public Health researchers finds that misleading labeling on toddler drinks lacks oversight, leading to confusion among parents. The American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health Organization do not recommend these products, but manufacturers make health claims that are not supported by evidence.
A new study reveals that millions of unapproved antibiotics are sold in India each year, posing a significant threat to global antibiotic resistance control. Multinational pharmaceutical companies manufacture dozens of unapproved formulations, contributing to the country's high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers used phylogenetic analysis to classify tropical forests into two major regions: an American-African combined region and an Indo-Pacific region. The study also identified a dry region encompassing areas in America, Africa, India, and Madagascar, as well as a subtropical region with parts of America and Asia.
A Brazilian startup has developed an AI-powered pest control system that uses IoT technology to help farmers apply agrochemicals at the right time and in the right amount. The system, which integrates integrated pest management techniques with machine learning algorithms, is expected to increase efficiency and reduce environmental impact.
A new study reveals that up to 16% of Earth's species could qualify as potential alien species, posing significant challenges to biosecurity efforts. The research found that the number of newly emerging alien species continues to rise, with insects and molluscs being the groups most affected.
Scientists at WashU Medicine have transformed skin cells from patients with Huntington's disease into brain cells, allowing them to study the degenerative disorder. The resulting neurons exhibited 'symptoms' of the disease, including DNA damage and cell death, which were prevented by correcting malfunctioning genes.
New research emphasizes the significance of hospitals adhering to treatment guidelines for heart failure patients over comparing patient volumes. Lower-volume hospitals have been found to have worse adherence to essential processes, such as prescribing beta-blockers and running tests to check heart function.
A recent study by the University of Exeter found that 86% of teenagers have traces of Bisphenol A (BPA) in their bodies. Despite a BPA-free diet, participants saw no significant drop in exposure levels, highlighting the need for better labelling of products containing the chemical.
A Swedish study found that nearly one-third of pugs have abnormal gait, associated with breathing problems, incontinence, and neurological disorders. The prevalence of gait abnormalities was higher than previously thought, suggesting a more significant health issue.
Tropical Cyclone Cebile is being severely impacted by strong northwesterly vertical wind shear, causing clouds and thunderstorms to be sheared to the southeast of the center. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center predicts further weakening due to decreasing sea surface temperatures and persistent high wind shear.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center identified a new target to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in stem cell transplants. The JAK2 inhibitor pacritinib has been shown to minimize GVHD while maintaining antitumor response.