A large study of 799 people found that methamphetamine use was associated with more than twice the risk for dropping out of treatment for opioid-use disorder. Meth users often experience challenges in daily life, including homelessness and difficulty saying no to drug dealers.
Researchers have successfully converted large-area bilayer graphene into the thinnest possible diamond-like material, F-diamane, under moderate pressure and temperature conditions. This flexible and strong material has potential for industrial applications in nano-optics and nanoelectronics.
A multi-wavelength lidar provides data on fine dust in the central Arctic during polar night, revealing several layers of dust from human sources and forest fires. The data indicate that the upper atmosphere is more polluted in winter than previously assumed.
Researchers have demonstrated the detection of Abrikosov vortices penetrating through a superconductor-ferromagnet interface using a ferromagnetic nanowire with superconducting electrodes. The device shows unusual sawtooth magnetic resistance curves and can detect vortex penetration.
Scientists have discovered a new function in a plant enzyme that can initiate a crucial chemical reaction, producing diols used in lubricants and plastics. The enzyme's unique dioxygenase chemistry has implications for designing greener industrial catalysts with less waste and toxic chemicals.
A new analysis reveals that donor stem cell transplantation following PD-1 treatment is generally safe and produces good outcomes for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Post-transplant treatment with cyclophosphamide may also lead to improved results, reducing rates of acute GVHD and relapse.
A new emissions inventory for Nepal reveals that air pollution is growing at a much faster rate than the economy. The study found that private households account for a larger share of fuel consumption and emissions in Nepal compared to industrial nations.
A study of over 4,700 participants found a strong link between elevated sCD14 levels and increased risk of dementia, as well as brain atrophy and decline in executive functions. The researchers hope that sCD14 could serve as a useful biomarker for assessing cognitive decline and dementia risk.
Researchers found that charged polymers increase viscosity by altering water-water interactions, which is influenced by a nuclear quantum effect. This discovery has fundamental implications for developing new technologies in health, biosciences, materials science, and environmental science.
A Hebrew University study found pregnant women who smoke are nearly 50% more likely to develop gestational diabetes. Women who cut down on their cigarette intake still face a 22% higher risk compared to non-smokers or those who quit before pregnancy.
A $299,641 grant will advance the development of a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker test for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a life-threatening illness affecting neonates. The test aims to alleviate this devastating gut disease among premature babies.
87 LCMs show potential for persistent and bioaccumulative properties, affecting gene expression in embryonic chicken cells. Several LCMs found in indoor dust samples, highlighting environmental concerns.
A $1 million international study aims to develop a new therapeutic treatment for people who have suffered heart attacks with extensive cardiac damage. The project, led by UniSA Professor Janna Morrison, explores whether changing the expression of a specific molecule can repair cardiac damage.
A study by Dr. Ingo Helmich and his team found significant differences in non-verbal gestures and behavior between athletes with and without concussion, providing a new tool for improving diagnosis. These findings suggest that motion quality presentation gestures can offer insight into post-concussion motor sensory experience.
A ketone-supplemented diet has been shown to restore protective protein levels and decrease mortality rates in mice with Alzheimer's disease. By consuming a diet rich in ketones, the mice experienced fewer seizures and were less likely to die, suggesting that this intervention may help protect interneurons from damage.
A study published in CMAJ found that prescribing anticoagulants in the emergency department for patients with atrial fibrillation increases their likelihood of long-term medication adherence. This practice is associated with improved stroke prevention outcomes, particularly among older adults.
The National Institute of Nursing Research has awarded Wake Forest Baptist a five-year grant worth $2.97 million to investigate the reasons for attrition in pediatric weight-management programs and develop a predictive model to reduce dropout rates.
Researchers at USC Viterbi's Department of Biomedical Engineering have developed a nanoparticle that lights up calcification, allowing for more effective detection of blocked arteries. This innovation has the potential to improve cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment by identifying unstable calcifications.
Carbon Hub aims to split hydrocarbons into hydrogen fuel and solid carbon materials, reducing emissions and creating a sustainable future. The initiative partners with companies to develop new technologies and deploy them efficiently.
Researchers at Yale University discovered that safety signals, such as symbols or sounds not associated with danger, can relieve anxiety. This approach differs from behavioral therapy and may be an effective way to augment current therapies for anxiety-related disorders.
A team of neurosurgeons has discovered the origins of the homunculus, a famous brain concept devised by Wilder Penfield. The study reveals that the iconic map was created from Edwin Boldrey's 1936 thesis, which analyzed electrical brain stimulations in human surgery.
A study found that glioblastoma patients with a history of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection had a significantly shorter survival rate, highlighting the potential use of HCMV testing to predict treatment outcomes. The presence of HCMV antibodies was linked to a four-month reduction in life expectancy.
Scientists at Colorado State University are using human bone remains to study predictable postmortem microbes, which can help estimate the time since death. The research aims to improve forensic science by using microbial communities to measure decomposition.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have successfully shrunk solid tumors using a thin metal mesh loaded with CAR T cells in preclinical models of ovarian cancer. The approach showed promising results, clearing tumors in 70% of treated mice within 20 days.
Scientists at Linköping University develop optical nanoantennas made from a conducting polymer, allowing for controllable nano-optical components. The antennas react to light and can be switched on and off, making them suitable for applications such as smart windows.
Scientists at Rice University have discovered that placing specific defects in the crystalline lattice of lithium iron phosphate-based cathodes can broaden the avenues through which lithium ions travel. This could improve performance by up to two orders of magnitude and potentially lead to similar improvements in other types of batteries.
A study by Rutgers University found that individuals in opioid addiction treatment are more likely to relapse when they exhibit a strong tolerance for risks, especially in situations with unknown outcomes. This knowledge can help clinicians predict and monitor vulnerable patients for changes that may affect their relapse risk.
A new clinical trial has found that patients with limited-stage, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who have a clear PET scan can skip radiation therapy and still achieve excellent results. The study showed that 91% of patients who received no radiation were alive five years after treatment.
A new study found a decrease in eye exposures from household cleaning products, but children under 2 years old remain at high risk. Parents can help keep kids safe by storing products up and away, using traditional laundry detergents, and seeking immediate medical attention if exposure occurs.
Researchers at Tohoku University developed a non-destructive technique using omnidirectional photoluminescence spectroscopy to detect carbon impurities in GaN crystals. This method improves energy efficiency and reduces costs associated with traditional detection methods.
A recent study found that probiotics and prebiotics have distinct effects on the immune systems of male and female piglets, contradicting previous assumptions. This research highlights the importance of considering sex in nutritional trials and may lead to personalized treatment approaches for infants.
Clinical fellow Harry Lesmana at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has been selected for the 2019 ASH Research Training Award to advance his research training in hematology genetics. He will have protected time for hands-on research and gain expertise in the field.
Most NICUs lack fully automated clinical decision support tools to calculate nutrition for premature infants, leading to manual calculations and potential errors. The study's findings emphasize the importance of developing standardized computerized solutions to monitor and improve caloric intake delivery.
Key findings from COP25 Oceans Actions Day highlight the importance of protecting Blue Carbon Ecosystems, including mangroves and seagrasses. The event emphasizes the crucial role of oceans in achieving sustainable development goals and reducing climate change vulnerability.
A new study from Georgetown University Medical Center found that 38 patients with follicular lymphoma who were in remission for at least two years did not show any evidence of the disease in their blood. This suggests that these patients may be disease-free and could have a lifelong disease status.
A recent volcanic eruption created a new island in the South Pacific, and coral reefs have shown incredible resilience and recovery. The study found that one section of the island supported diverse coral reefs largely unaffected by the eruption, which provided a source of larvae to repopulate reefs around the rest of the island.
Researchers developed a computer betting game to predict opioid reuse in addiction patients. The game measures comfort with risk-taking and finds sharp increases in scores are associated with high likelihood of reuse within the next week.
Researchers used virtual reality to study how opioid-associated memories are made and found special neural mechanisms engaged by drug use. The findings suggest that these memories could be targeted for disruption to break the cycle of craving and relapse.
A study by Dana-Farber researchers suggests that adding venetoclax to a reduced-intensity drug regimen prior to stem cell transplant can increase the chances of transplant success. The treatment has been found to be safe and does not impair donor cells' ability to engraft in recipients.
Associate Professor Nina Lock's project aims to create a metal-organic sponge that can convert CO2 into useful products such as fuel or building blocks. The research team plans to develop scalable catalysts using cheap elements, investigating the atomic level process of electro-catalysis.
A study of 4,714 adult women found that those with good exercise capacity were at lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other causes. Women with poor exercise capacity had nearly four times higher annual rates of death from these causes compared to those with good exercise capacity.
The E1912 follow-up analysis shows that ibrutinib-based therapy lived longer and with sustained benefit in previously untreated CLL patients. The majority of patients were well-tolerated, with only 14% stopping due to side effects.
The University of Oklahoma is leading a $2.5 million research project to investigate avian influenza virus diversity and transmission. The project aims to improve surveillance and pandemic preparedness by training researchers and engaging the public in disease ecology and evolution.
A global trial found mosunetuzumab, an off-the-shelf antibody, can induce complete responses in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Higher doses of the drug correlate with patient responses, and remissions appear to be long-lasting.
Researchers identified genetic mutations that predict patient outcomes after a stem cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients over age 60. Patients with specific gene mutations were classified into low, high, or intermediate-risk groups, enabling personalized treatment approaches.
The FrogPhone allows scientists to remotely call and monitor frogs in the wild using solar-powered technology, transmitting real-time acoustic surveys over the phone. The device enables researchers to track frog populations with greater frequency and ease, supporting biodiversity conservation studies.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered that Purkinje cell dendrites can filter and modulate incoming signals, enabling new learning mechanisms in the cerebellum. This finding provides insight into the brain's ability to modify itself and change signaling properties.
A common first-line treatment for cryptococcal meningitis is being compromised by emerging drug resistance, according to a new University of Liverpool research. The study highlights the need for new drugs and treatment regimens to combat the lethal brain infection.
A new study has discovered a way to identify disease-resistance genes in cacao trees, which could lead to the development of more sustainable farming systems and improved crop yields. The method uses genome sequencing to rapidly identify resistant genotypes and provides insights into the genetic diversity of cacao trees.
A Rutgers University-Camden study reveals that formerly incarcerated individuals with multiple barriers to reintegration experience poor physical and mental health. The study found that greater reintegration barriers decrease self-rated health and increase symptoms of depression over time.
A study by University of Utah Health found that people with chronic illnesses turn to underground exchanges for medicines and supplies due to affordability and accessibility issues. Many participants donated or traded goods with family, friends, or strangers who couldn't get them through traditional channels.
Researchers from Siberian Federal University participated in a global project to collect data on forest composition, distribution, and carbon stocks. They found that Siberian forests will experience changes due to climate change, including increased growth and thicker vegetation, but also threats from pests and soil erosion.
Researchers have isolated six new biologically active compounds from a previously unknown strain of sea fungus Penicillium piltunense. The compounds have shown pronounced anti-inflammatory and herbicidal activity, which could lead to the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs and weed control chemicals. Fungi of the genus Penicilli...
Susan Allen received $10,000 from GMU Foundation for her research at the Center for Peacemaking Practice. The funding supports her work on conflict resolution and peacemaking practice.
A clinical trial is underway to study the efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic for new onset type 1 diabetes. The trial, funded by the NIH, aims to determine if systemic administration of these cells can reduce disease progression and preserve insulin secretion.
Researchers have developed a nanopipette pH biosensor that can detect changes in extracellular pH with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The device uses a zwitterionic membrane to enable faster responses and has been tested on live cancer cells, showing its potential for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapies.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed an artificial synapse that mimics the human brain's ability to create neuronal connections. This breakthrough technology could revolutionize AI and cognitive computing, enabling faster and more efficient processing of complex tasks.
A new study finds the 'conductor' gene TCX2 in plant root stem cells coordinates division of different types, ensuring harmonic communication for plant growth. The researchers used mathematical modeling and machine learning to identify TCX2's role in regulating stem cell networks.
Researchers developed an engineered probiotic that promotes mucosal healing and reduces inflammation in IBD patients. The 'Probiotic Associated Therapeutic Curli Hybrids' (PATCH) approach uses genetically programmed bacteria to create a biocompatible, mucoadhesive coating that facilitates healing.
Researchers at UT Health San Antonio have discovered a new class of drugs called PROTACs that target the BCL-XL protein in cancer cells. These drugs show safe and potent antitumor activity, potentially treating T-cell malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma.