A new study has developed best practice treatment guidelines to quickly identify and treat patients with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (E-VALI). The guidelines recommend shorter courses of steroids for outpatients and higher doses for critically ill patients, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.
Scientists developed an investigational vaccine that protected cynomolgus macaques against Ebola, Sudan, Marburg, and Lassa viruses, all causing severe disease and death. The quadrivalent VesiculoVax vaccine showed promising results in a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
A group of international conservationists is urging governments to adopt a new approach to address the impact of economic development on the natural world. The new approach aims to achieve a net gain for nature and has been published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. The proposal calls for more ambitious measures to ensure greater benefit...
Oral food challenges (OFCs) are the most effective way to diagnose a food allergy, say two new studies. A child with atopic dermatitis and suspected peanut allergy passed an OFC despite prior skin testing results, while another boy who had removed peanuts from his diet after eczema flares developed anaphylaxis to peanut
Researchers at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center have developed a novel drug combination using fenretinide and venetoclax to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. The study found that the combination of these two drugs showed significant activity against neuroblastoma cells, with multiple complete responses achieved in patients.
A large clinical trial found that vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplements did not slow the decline of kidney function in adults with Type 2 diabetes. The study involved over 1,300 participants and measured their kidney function over five years.
Women are disproportionately affected by penicillin allergies, with a significantly higher rate of positive skin tests and reactions. Direct oral challenges without preliminary testing can safely rule out penicillin allergy in low-risk children, allowing them to have the allergy label removed from their medical records.
A new study shows an association between a family history of cancer and childhood asthma diagnosis in over 20% of children, highlighting the importance of extra asthma screening efforts.
The article discusses how hurricanes Irma and Maria's destruction in Puerto Rico exposed the country's critical social and environmental situation. Colonialism and neoliberal policies are identified as primary contributors to the crisis, causing poverty, inequality, and inadequate social services.
Researchers found that 44% of colonies of the invasive species Didemnum vexillum are formed by gene chimera, which could promote genetic diversity and colonization success. The creation of chimera may also be a mechanism to increase adaptive success in new environments.
A team of Clemson University astrophysicists has devised a new measurement of the Hubble Constant, which describes the rate of expansion of the universe. Their analysis of data from orbiting and ground-based telescopes yields a measurement of approximately 67.5 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine discovered that higher levels of protein adipsin in the blood protect against type 2 diabetes. Adipsin helps shield pancreatic beta cells, improving insulin production and preventing cell death.
A study analyzing ancient DNA samples from Rome and adjacent regions found at least two major migrations into the city, with influences from North Africa, Europe, and the Near East. The population's ancestry shifted significantly over time, reflecting Rome's shifting alliances and cultural exchange.
A panel of scientists recommends policy changes to address sexual harassment and gender bias in STEM fields, including requiring transparency in funding and internal grant funding. The recommendations aim to create inclusive professional environments for women in science.
A study by Carole Gee and colleagues confirms equisetum's importance as a digestible and nutritious food source for herbivorous dinosaurs in Mesozoic times. The researchers found that young and growing sauropods, which require rapid growth, would have relied on equisetum as a major food source.
Patients with diverse HLA genes respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors, surviving longer with improved treatment outcomes.
A new study on a well-preserved femur fossil suggests that apes, humans, and Old World monkeys developed distinct hip joint morphologies, likely adapted to their respective environments. The findings imply that navigating the environment played a key role in driving the divergence of these primates.
A new warning system, WASAVIES, can estimate radiation doses due to solar energetic particles (SEP) up to 100 km above the ground in real-time. This system enables aircrew radiation dose monitoring and provides information for aviation operation management.
A Dutch study found that early onset of PD, memory and thinking impairment, and high levodopa medication use are linked to increased mortality. The study suggests that progressive motor impairment may be a key factor in the association between PD and reduced life expectancy.
Researchers used ultrashort X-ray pulses to study Photosystem I, a large biomolecular system converting sunlight into chemical energy. This breakthrough paves the way for time-resolved studies on electron transfer in photosynthesis, with potential applications in medicine and next-generation solar energy storage.
A NIH study found that only a third of prevention research projects measured leading risk factors for death, despite them being associated with half of US deaths. The study suggests an opportunity for the NIH to better align prevention research with leading causes and risk factors for death and disability.
Researchers at MIT have developed a robot with an extendable appendage that can twist and turn in various configurations, yet remains rigid enough to support heavy loads. The robot's design is inspired by the way plants grow, allowing it to adapt to different tasks and environments.
Researchers suggest that diseases may have played a crucial role in the extinction of Neanderthals. By employing mathematical models, they demonstrate how unique diseases harbored by Neanderthals and modern humans could have created an invisible disease barrier, ultimately allowing modern humans to supplant their cousins.
A study suggests that extending lifelong Medicare coverage of transplant medications would reduce healthcare costs and improve quality of life for kidney transplant recipients. This policy change could benefit patients who are currently left without coverage after 36 months.
Researchers developed an affordable, open-source monitoring system called GMpi using Raspberry Pi computers. The system allows flexible and secure remote monitoring of plant growth facilities, ensuring reproducibility and peace of mind.
Research suggests that family emotional climate has a significant effect on overall health, including the development or worsening of chronic conditions. In contrast, intimate partner relationships showed no significant associations with later health outcomes.
A study by University of Utah Health found nearly 33% of reproductive-age women with chronic conditions are using ineffective forms of birth control. Women with preexisting health problems are often missing out on crucial counseling about safe and effective birth control options.
Community house hem dialysis allows patients to perform treatment independently in a shared community space, reducing burden on family and promoting flexibility. The study found that this approach supports extended-hour dialysis and fosters social connections among patients of Maori and Pacific ethnicity.
Scientists at Okayama University created a human stem cell-based model of myocardial infarction, allowing for the evaluation of tissue damage and inflammation. This new model offers a more accurate representation of human heart conditions, enabling the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic medicines.
City of Hope researchers have created a modified CRISPR gene editing tool that improves the accuracy and efficiency of cutting out undesirable genetic information. The new design has shown promise in treating HIV and sickle cell disease by increasing desirable mutations and improving activity at specific target sites.
Researchers found measurable changes in brain regions after BCI training, which occurred within hours, not weeks. This suggests BCI could be used to stimulate specific brain areas for rehabilitation.
A recent study published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials found that simulated sunlight can degrade microplastics on the ocean surface. The research revealed that engineered polymer solutions degraded most rapidly under UV radiation, followed by polypropylene and polyethylene.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology reveals the mechanisms of memory formation and learning in the brain. The research team analyzed neuronal circuits and synaptic plasticity to understand how the nervous system adapts to changing conditions.
A new HIV vaccine strategy has been successfully demonstrated in proof-of-principle tests, targeting young immune cells and showing promise against the flu, dengue, malaria, and hepatitis C. The approach stimulates broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple strains of the virus.
Researchers found that the brain activity patterns of individuals and their close friends show remarkable similarities when evaluating personality traits. This study utilized a round-robin design to analyze brain activity while participants evaluated themselves and others.
Researchers found that beta-blockers can cause psoriasis by interfering with the breakdown of defective cell components and disrupting autophagy. This leads to the release of inflammatory messengers, resulting in skin problems. The study suggests that fat-soluble beta-blockers are more likely to cause inflammation.
A machine learning model identified patients at risk of requiring kidney replacement therapy, leading to a significant improvement in dialysis initiation rates. The system calculates weekly risk scores and alerts clinicians to optimize treatment decisions, resulting in better patient outcomes.
Researchers discovered eight SDHI pesticide molecules harming earthworms, bees, and human cells by blocking succinate dehydrogenase activity. The study found these pesticides induce oxidative stress in human cells, leading to cell death, threatening human health.
Scientists warn of excessive pesticide use in Australian waterways and the Great Barrier Reef, threatening aquatic plants and animals. Pesticide regulation has been deemed ineffective, but local efforts to reduce pollution show promise.
A study found that cervical cancer screening rates decline among women aged 45-65, particularly those with lower education, rural residency, or lack of insurance. The study highlights the need for increased awareness and access to screenings for vulnerable populations.
A study by UBC professor John Oliffe reveals eight lessons learnt from successful community-based men's health promotion programs. These programs recognize social forces that uniquely affect men, such as cultural activities and elder-led circles, to improve mental and physical well-being.
The review highlights the need for improved waste management solutions to handle growing numbers of retired electric vehicle batteries. Recycling methods are being improved to make processes more economically efficient, minimizing environmental impacts.
Patients who transition to home dialysis after an unplanned start experience a higher risk of death compared to those who never made the switch. However, researchers found that younger patients and those with private insurance were more likely to make the transition to peritoneal dialysis.
The US economy is forecasted to grow at 2% in 2020, driven by consumer spending, while Indiana's economic output will be more anemic at 1.25%. The state's tight labor market and manufacturing sector are expected to impact growth.
Researchers used site-specific watershed data to determine the most cost-effective agricultural best management practices for a watershed. By applying customized BMPs tailored for the specific watershed, farmers could reduce sediment and nutrient loss by 26% less money.
Researchers discovered a sustained light response in central brain neurons to blue and ultra violet light, informing internal circadian processes about the time of day. The study sheds light on non-image-forming vision and its role in regulating circadian rhythms.
The EAT-Lancet diet, aimed at improving human and planetary health, is unaffordable for millions due to high food prices. The study estimates that daily costs exceed household income in many low-income countries.
A multidisciplinary program in Armenia's conflict zone improved childhood nutrition, reducing anemia and increasing minimum dietary diversity. The program, implemented by the Fund for Armenian Relief, also increased breastfeeding duration and reduced reports of children going to sleep hungry.
Scientists propose that Parkinson's disease can be divided into two subtypes, with some cases starting in the gut and others in the brain. This hypothesis reconciles discrepant findings from neuropathological literature, suggesting a more complex understanding of the disorder's origins.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that attach to microcracks, allowing for clear imaging using X-ray-based technique with hafnium particles. This breakthrough could enable doctors to detect serious problems like heart blockages more accurately.
Researchers developed a technique to reconfigure blue-phase liquid crystals into stable orthorhombic and tetragonal structures, leading to fast responses suitable for various display applications. The addition of a polymer stabilizes the crystals in a wide temperature range, speeding up switching responses.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with increased infection events in children. Genetic testing can help identify patients at risk, allowing for tailored treatment and reduced side effects.
A new approach to atom interferometers allows for highly sensitive measurements of gravity and could be used in tests of general relativity. The trapped atom design greatly enhances sensitivity and precision over previous iterations, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by over 10,000-fold.
A new review finds growing evidence that vaping can harm the heart and blood vessels, with particulate matter, metals, and flavorings contributing to cardiovascular problems. The study highlights a need for larger-scale research on e-cigarette use and regulation to ensure transparency about ingredients.
Researchers at HUG-CELL identified a microRNA inhibitor that reduces tumor size and improves survival in mice with aggressive brain tumors. The synthetic miR-367 inhibitor prevents the regulation of proteins involved in cell growth, leading to an attenuation of tumor aggressiveness.
Typhoon Halong's storm system resembles a boxing glove, featuring a central eye surrounded by circling thunderstorms and a band of storms northeast of the center. The storm is expected to weaken due to increasing vertical wind shear and cooling sea surface temperatures.
Researchers found that adding live Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic bacteria to milk reduced NEC cases from 7.5% to 3.1% and sepsis cases from 22.6% to 11.5%. This study suggests routine probiotics can help premature babies get the right gut bacteria from birth.
The study reveals at least two major migrations into Rome, as well as several smaller but significant population shifts, over the last few thousand years. The genetic data show that immigrants from the Near East, Europe, and North Africa pulled up their roots and moved to Rome, significantly changing its face.
Scientists at the University of Dundee have created a method to permanently attach a small sugar molecule called O-GlcNAc to proteins in human cells. This allows them to investigate its role in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, which are thought to be linked to O-GlcNAc disruption.
A new study reveals that human impacts have greatly reduced plant-fungus symbioses, which play a key role in sequestering carbon in soils. Restoring these ecosystems could help alleviate anthropogenic soil carbon losses and ameliorate increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases.