A team of scientists has successfully synthesized a new high-temperature superconductor, thorium decahydride (ThH10), with a critical temperature of 161 K. The material exhibits outstanding high-temperature superconducting performance and pushes the boundaries of classical chemistry.
Researchers analyzed 80,000 chords in 745 classic U.S. Billboard pop songs to find the right combination of uncertainty and surprise that makes music pleasing. The study suggests that musical pleasure depends on the dynamic interplay between prospective and retrospective states of expectation.
Researchers analyzed the genome of Ug99 and found that it emerged as a result of somatic hybridization between two different rust strains, creating a unique hybrid with increased virulence. This discovery provides new insights into how Ug99 was able to threaten wheat crops across the world.
Researchers found that a key Alzheimer's gene (APOE) behaves differently among Caribbean Hispanics depending on ancestral origin. Individuals with African-derived APOE had a 39% lower risk of Alzheimer's compared to those with European-derived APOE.
A new study suggests that emperor penguins in Antarctica are likely to decline by 86% by 2100 due to sea ice loss, with only a 5% chance of survival under the 1.5 degree Celsius scenario. The 'business as usual' scenario is even more dire, with nearly complete colony loss and extinction imminent.
Research from the University of Cambridge suggests that GP practices can effectively manage mild to moderate mental health issues, reducing stigma and waiting times. Specialist treatment remains more cost-effective in the long term, but GPs can provide just as effective care.
A new study by researchers at the University of Michigan and University of Pennsylvania indicates that individuals disproportionately find polls more credible when their preferred candidate is leading. The study suggests that emphasizing polls' methodological quality can lessen voters' biases, potentially benefiting democracy.
A study by Washington State University researchers shows a decline in new cases of heart disease among American Indians over a 25-year period. Fewer Native men are dying from heart-disease-related events, while overall prevalence of heart disease has decreased more in women.
A 15-year study links Arctic sea ice decline to the emergence of a deadly phocine distemper virus in northern sea otters and other marine mammals. The loss of sea ice facilitates disease transmission among species, highlighting the need for understanding PDV transmission in rapidly changing environments.
A new cosmological simulation, TNG50, has revealed that the geometry of cosmic gas flows determines galaxies' structures. The study finds that galaxies form into disc-like shapes with rapid rotation, eventually becoming spiral galaxies through a process known as galactic fountains.
A team of researchers developed a way for multiple UAVs to form intelligent teams while maintaining individual control, enabling more efficient and adaptable flight operations. The technique uses software-in-the-loop testing and simulation environments to optimize UAV performance in varying environmental conditions.
Researchers identify a potential target for eliminating leukemia stem cells using vitamin K3, which stabilizes the DYRK2 enzyme. This approach could lead to treatment-free remissions and improved patient outcomes.
A machine-learning algorithm helps select the best channel for communication in a wireless network of resource-constrained devices. The algorithm outperforms traditional methods by reducing congestion and increasing successful transmissions.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a new phenomenon in the brain where mitochondria self-destruct, leading to early stages of neurodegeneration. The study found that this process occurs selectively in neurons vulnerable to future degeneration, providing a potential target for drug therapies.
BIOCAD announces plans to introduce netakimab and progolimab, two original monoclonal antibody-based drugs, to the European market. The company has already received permission to conduct clinical trials in Europe for these innovative treatments.
A new study reveals that North Sea fishing vessels discard over 267,000 tonnes of fish, enough to feed 3.45 million birds, and this figure has declined since 1990. The discarded fish support scavenging bird species, with the largest declines observed in northern fulmars, black-legged kittiwakes, and herring gulls.
The study found largely positive effects on employment and economy from the casino's operations, with a decrease in visitors but an increase in average gross gaming revenue per patron. Researchers also highlighted the potential risks of increased spending among patrons, which could impact their ability to meet financial obligations.
The NUS team developed a portable, easy-to-use, and low-cost device that can detect toxin-producing algae in water within 15 minutes. The system uses a smartphone and generates real-time results, enabling quick and convenient water quality monitoring.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine developed a new method to model gene interactions and predict changes over time. The idopNetwork can create personalized networks for individual patients, showing complex gene connections and predicting outcomes.
Tropical Storm Matmo is located in the center of the Bay of Bengal with maximum sustained winds near 63 mph. The storm will strengthen to 85 knots but weaken rapidly before making landfall just east of Kolkata on Nov. 9.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to analyze the performance of pore-filled ion-exchange membranes in reverse electrodialysis. The 'Conductive Traveling Length' concept enabled accurate prediction of ion transfer and performance, impacting commercialization of salinity gradient power technology.
Researchers found that oxygen-starved tumor cells have a four times greater probability of becoming viable circulating tumor cells than those under normal oxygen conditions. These cells also have six times the probability of forming lung metastases, suggesting that oxygen starvation enhances their metastatic capabilities.
A study of 127 ancient individuals' genomes found two major ancestry shifts, one during Neolithic farmers' arrival and another during the Bronze age. The results suggest that by Rome's founding, central Italy's genetics were similar to modern populations, but genetic diversity increased over time.
A study found that regular exercise reduces chronic inflammation and its role in artery-clogging blockages. By affecting the bone marrow's activity, exercise dampens inflammation and protects against heart disease.
A new enzyme, HypX, has been discovered to produce carbon monoxide essential for the maturation of NiFe-hydrogenase. The enzyme's unique reaction process involves coenzyme A, revealing a novel physiological function of CoA.
A research team led by WPI professors will use data analytics and optimization to identify resources for homeless youths in NYC, aiming to disrupt human trafficking networks. The project aims to reduce vulnerability and costs while maximizing benefits for rehabilitated lives.
A new paper published in Science outlines best practices for institutions to support women faculty in research careers, including increased accountability for misconduct and promoting transparency. The report aims to address the persistent issue of gender diversity in STEM fields.
Researchers from Graz University of Technology develop biological methods to improve storage of apples and sugar beet, reducing losses due to spoilage. The combined use of hot water treatment and biocontrol organisms significantly increases shelf life and reduces post-harvest pathogens.
Michigan State University (MSU) has led the creation of a new International Research Network for Nuclear Astrophysics (IReNA), funded by the National Science Foundation. IReNA connects expertise in nuclear physics, astrophysics, and related fields to advance understanding of the origin of elements and dense nuclear matter.
The Global Brain Health Leader Awards announce initiatives addressing dementia prevention, care and support in 14 countries. The awards span $675,000 funding to drive projects and research.
A new study finds that nutrient supplements rich in vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids significantly reduce child mortality among children 6-24 months old. The supplements may decrease mortality by up to 27 percent in these countries.
Scientists report that electronic cigarettes have adverse effects on the heart and blood vessels due to nicotine's impact on blood pressure and inflammation. The lack of standardised products makes it difficult to study the health effects of e-cigarettes, leading researchers to advise against their use.
A large-scale trial found that vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplements had no effect on reducing markers of systemic inflammation in older US adults. However, participants with low initial fish intake saw a decrease in inflammation biomarkers after taking the omega-3 supplement.
Daily satellite observations show that NOx lifetime decreases even as concentrations increase in 34 cities from 2005-2014. Accounting for these changes is crucial to accurately estimating NOx emissions and understanding the relationship between emissions and concentrations.
Skull shape differences were found among Asian and Asian-derived groups, enabling more nuanced ancestry estimations in forensic casework. The study provides population-specific methods for estimating biological profiles, aiding victim identification in mass disasters.
The Center for BrainHealth has awarded five scientists with innovative research grants to study brain health and performance. These studies aim to improve understanding of brain disorders and develop new treatments, including biomarkers for dementia and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at UCSF have successfully implanted a bioreactor containing human kidney cells into pigs without triggering an immune reaction or blood clots. The device, similar to the size of a deck of cards, maintained healthy kidney function and demonstrated progress towards eliminating dialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease.
Researchers found that artificial intelligence can detect subtle language changes in patients with failing livers, suggesting a potential diagnostic tool for early identification of cognitive issues. Following a liver transplant, patients returned to normal or near-normal language patterns.
Researchers develop a versatile yet affordable battery membrane technology using AquaPIMs, enabling long-lasting and low-cost grid batteries. The new membrane reduces costs by eliminating expensive fluorinated polymer membranes, making flow batteries more viable for widespread adoption.
NICER detected a record-breaking X-ray burst from pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658, revealing a two-step change in brightness caused by the ejection of separate layers from the pulsar surface. The observations also show X-rays reflecting off of the accretion disk and burst oscillations.
The US Department of Energy has funded three Penn State projects to enhance combustion turbine performance and efficiency in fossil fuel power generation. Researchers will utilize additive manufacturing techniques to improve cooling effectiveness, fuel injection hardware, and ceramic matrix composite turbine vanes.
The Hubble Space Telescope reveals a remote galaxy split into multiple images by gravitational lensing, allowing astronomers to study its structure and environment. The Sunburst Arc, 11 billion light-years away, resembles galaxies from an earlier time in the universe's history.
Researchers from NUS discovered the molecular mechanism underlying natural killer T cell lymphoma, identifying MELK as a stabilizer of EZH2 enzyme. Targeting MELK may provide an alternative approach to treating NKTL by increasing sensitivity to Bortezomib treatment.
A study found that spaceflight affects human heart cells' gene expression, but these changes largely revert to normal upon return to Earth. The researchers used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and observed significant changes in gene expression related to mitochondrial function.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that Arctic sea ice reduction facilitates the spread of disease among marine mammals, particularly through open water routes. Widespread exposure to Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was observed in sea mammals across the North Pacific Ocean, peaking in 2003-2004 and again in 2009.
Scripps Research scientists have discovered a way to stop a problematic enzyme from wreaking havoc on peripheral nervous system cells in patients with a specific subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. By preventing the enzyme's entry into the nucleus, researchers achieved a complete rescue of symptoms in fruit fly models.
A study in JAMA Oncology found that geriatric assessment can personalize care and prompt better conversations between physicians, patients, and their families. The tool improved patient satisfaction and caregiver experiences among older adults with advanced cancer.
The study found that BCI training alters specific regions of the brain involved in motor and visual tasks. This suggests potential therapeutic benefits for conditions like stroke rehabilitation. The changes occur within a short period, raising hopes for more efficient decoding of BCI activities.
Research reveals oceanic black carbon differs significantly from riverine dissolved black carbon, raising fundamental questions about its origin and fate. The new technique uses stable carbon isotope analysis to track terrestrial sources of black carbon in the ocean.
A new study from MIT found that aviation emissions cause twice as much damage to air quality as to the climate. The researchers developed metrics for comparing climate and air quality impacts of aviation emissions.
Research reveals that mated female mosquitoes are more susceptible to transmitting malaria parasites, highlighting the importance of targeting male mosquitoes in vector control measures. This study provides new insights into the impact of mating on mosquito susceptibility to P. falciparum.
A recent study found that fumigants used to control nematodes in potato cropping systems have very minor effects on soil microbial communities. The research suggested that the average efficacy of these pesticides was estimated at 98% across all nematodes studied.
A study examining clinical trial data found that sleep problems and fatigue significantly impact the cognitive function and behavior of children with chronic kidney disease. The research highlights the importance of assessing sleep problems and fatigue in these children to improve their emotional-behavioral and neurocognitive outcomes.
Researchers at Stanford and UC-San Francisco have developed an experimental drug that targets lung cancer by neutralizing a single protein, slowing its growth. The decoy version of the receptor protein was engineered to preferentially bind to the protein, repelling other proteins involved in tumor growth.
Researchers at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have synthesized a new superconducting material called thorium decahydride (ThH10), which exhibits high-temperature superconductivity at 161 kelvins. This breakthrough is significant as it could lead to the development of more practical applications for superconductors.
A recent study published in Psychological Medicine challenges the common belief that those with mental illness are more likely to be incarcerated. The research found that diagnoses of substance use and antisocial personality were predictors of future incarceration, while other psychiatric diagnoses showed no association.
Research finds that quality relationships and how people feel about their friends are key to well-being, not the actual number of friends. Older adults tend to report better well-being than younger adults, despite having smaller social networks.
Researchers developed mass production technology for solid-solution alloy nanoparticles, which can be used as innovative catalysts for exhaust gas purification. The new technology achieved stable synthesis of 1nm-class nanoparticles at low temperatures, outperforming existing rhodium-based catalysts.
The project Generation 1975 -- being 14 in the new Germany examines the transformation process after the Wall came down, with feelings of condescension and trauma prevalent in the east. Life plans were destroyed, but positive memories of a childhood in the GDR remain.
Researchers have developed a comprehensive registry of over 2,750 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, allowing for more accurate predictions of patient risk and identification of best treatments. The study's findings will help doctors better understand the condition and its complexities.