Researchers propose focusing high-energy particle beams on small spots deep inside the body to target cancerous tumors precisely, reducing dose to surrounding tissue. The study aims to improve radiotherapy effectiveness and reduce costs using ultra-compact laser-wakefield accelerators.
Australian researchers have identified a gene called JMJD6 that plays a key role in the most aggressive form of neuroblastoma. The discovery opens up new possibilities for targeted drug therapy, with promising results shown in animal models.
Between 2007 and 2016, the proportion of US adults meeting aerobic activity guidelines remained relatively stable at around 65%, while sedentary behavior increased from 5.7 to 6.4 hours per day. This trend suggests a stagnation in physical activity levels despite updated guidelines recommending less sitting.
A recent study by Mayo Clinic researchers found an association between increased symptoms of burnout and heightened racial bias in medical residents. Physicians experiencing high symptoms of burnout tended to exhibit more racial bias, both explicit and implicit, but recoveries from burnout were linked to reductions in bias.
A study by KU Leuven researchers has successfully stabilized perovskites, a promising type of semiconductor material for harnessing solar energy. By binding the crystals to a glass substrate and heating them to high temperatures, the black perovskite state is achieved, enabling efficient sunlight absorption and electricity generation.
Researchers will investigate the effects of Eastern Red Cedar's ecological processes and environmental factors on its range expansion. The project aims to understand how this invasive species impacts native plants and soil-nutrient availability.
A new imaging technique uses magnetic properties of the heart muscle to quantify changes in blood flow, identifying areas impacted by coronary atherosclerosis. This method eliminates the need for contrast agents or pharmacological stress tests, offering a faster and potentially safer diagnostic option for CAD patients.
Researchers successfully applied machine learning to discover innovative materials with desired properties from limited data. The study identifies thousands of promising virtual polymers with high thermal conductivity, outperforming typical polyimides.
Researchers found that montelukast can disrupt inflammatory signaling in diabetic retinopathy, reducing small blood vessel and nerve damage. The study offers an early approach to treat type 1 diabetes and suggests a potential new treatment for the disease.
A study found that a significant release of radioactive ruthenium occurred in October 2017, with highest levels detected over Romania. The release is believed to have originated from the Mayak nuclear complex in Russia, consistent with air mass movements and deposition patterns.
A study using national insurance claims data found an association between opioid prescriptions after vaginal or cesarean delivery and increased rates of new persistent opioid use among US women. The study included over 988,000 women and explored the long-term effects of post-delivery opioid use.
The University of Texas at Arlington is developing an algorithm that models the effects of earthquakes on water pipeline infrastructure. This model determines how best to use limited infrastructure funding to make pipelines less prone to earthquake damage.
A new whole-genome sequencing technique is being adopted to detect salmonella in the food industry. This method provides a more reliable and precise identification of salmonella strains, enabling the origin and path of outbreaks to be determined.
The Kessler Foundation will conduct a pilot study using functional MRI to develop new strategies for managing neuropathic pain in individuals with spinal cord injuries. The study aims to train participants to use neurofeedback to modulate their brain activity and reduce pain sensations.
A study found that only 2.6% of youths with ADHD were prescribed antipsychotics, but many prescriptions lacked a clear rationale. The highest antipsychotic use was among preschool-age children, and fewer than half had been treated first with stimulants.
Researchers studied LCH lesions under the microscope to investigate diversity in full molecular detail. They identified multiple LCH cell subtypes, including actively dividing cells that give rise to other subtypes, revealing an interplay of developmental, immunological, and oncogenic mechanisms.
Researchers have discovered that two enzymes, SIK1 and SIK3, play a critical role in driving tumor growth in non-small-cell lung cancer by promoting inflammation. The findings highlight a potential new target for therapies and could lead to improved treatment options for patients with this deadly form of lung cancer.
Researchers studying Barilla Sustainable Farming in Italy found that partnering with different stakeholders can promote sustainability in agri-food supply chains. A two-level approach to implement crop diversification and sustainable management practices is suggested to achieve a more sustainable agricultural system throughout Europe.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a way to produce butanol, a fourth-generation biofuel, using solar energy, water, and CO2 without the need for solar cells. The microorganisms can efficiently capture the sun's energy and bind to carbon dioxide in the air.
A group of scientists recommends large-scale collaborative research to tackle dry macular degeneration, with proposed methods including integrated collaboration and biorepository development. The panel aims to bring about meaningful clinical results by promoting multidisciplinary investigator teams.
A new study has identified a specific forebrain region linked to altered social interactions in an autism model. Restoring activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) reversed social traits associated with autism. The research provides clues to the neural circuits underlying social deficits in autism spectrum disorder.
A recent study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that genetics has a greater impact on the microbiome of mice than their maternal birth environment. The researchers tested two different inbred laboratory strains of mice and found that the offspring's microbiomes were similar regardless of which parent was black ...
Researchers create device that exploits quantum principles to detect phonons, enabling precise measurement of individual sound particles and paving the way for new types of quantum devices. This breakthrough could lead to more compact and efficient quantum computers that operate by manipulating sound rather than light.
A study of nearly 3,400 second-year resident physicians in the US found that 45% experienced burnout symptoms, which may contribute to care disparities and racial bias towards black people. The observed association was small to medium and cannot be determined as causal.
Researchers discover that visible prosocial punishment, where individuals can punish those who don't cooperate, is key to promoting large-scale cooperation. The study suggests that the perception of punishment, not just its implementation, is essential for sustaining cooperative interactions.
A study found that medications used to treat atrial fibrillation, such as amiodarone, can significantly increase the risk of falls and fainting in older adults. The risk is highest within the first two weeks of treatment, highlighting the importance of informed decision-making for quality patient care.
Researchers reconstruct 3D image of group II introns to uncover large-scale molecular movement associated with RNA catalysis. This discovery provides key insights into the evolutionary origins of RNA splicing and its impact on human disease.
Researchers discovered that natural killer (NK) cells can express PD-L1 and provide anti-tumor activity when treated with checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1+ NK cells can control tumor growth by killing tumors and secreting cytokines, providing a new immunotherapeutic avenue.
Research finds that more than 64% of employed Russians work evenings, nights, or weekends, disrupting their biological and social rhythms. The negative effects include depression, headaches, burnout, and chronic fatigue, leading to workplace accidents and injuries.
A recent study of over 308,000 women who gave birth from 2008 to 2016 found that nearly half received opioid prescriptions as part of their birth experience, with one in every hundred still filling them a year later. The percentage of women filling opioid prescriptions declined over time, suggesting growing awareness of the national op...
Researchers at King's College London have identified a new type of cell called hepatobiliary hybrid progenitor (HHyP) that can regenerate liver tissue. HHyPs exhibit stem cell-like properties and may be able to repair liver damage, potentially bypassing the need for transplants.
Copy-number variants (CNVs) play a crucial role in the development of insecticide resistance in malaria mosquitoes. The study found that CNVs were more likely to occur in genes associated with detoxification, suggesting a rapid evolutionary response to insecticides.
A team of researchers from ICFO demonstrates an adjustable technique to manipulate light without mechanical movement, enabling the creation of dynamically tuneable lenses with high control and low power consumption. The Smartlens technology has potential applications in high-end systems and simple end-user-oriented imaging devices.
RESCUE, a new CRISPR platform, allows for targeted RNA edits previously impossible, offering a critical gap in the toolbox for treating diverse genetic changes. The technology can modulate protein activity by targeting phosphorylation sites, providing a reversible alternative to DNA-level modifications.
Researchers created novel mouse models to study health effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, finding a higher risk of metabolic disease and cancer with over-production of n-6 PUFA. The ratio of these fatty acids influences chronic disease risk, and balancing the ratio may be a safe solution.
Scientists at EPFL Valais Wallis have developed high-performance membranes for carbon capture that surpass post-combustion capture targets. The membranes, based on single-layer graphene with selective layers, show six-fold higher CO2 permeance and high separation factors.
A new computer system called EmoNet can accurately categorize images into emotional categories, suggesting that the visual cortex plays a crucial role in emotion processing. The study found that EmoNet could recognize emotions with high accuracy, even for nuanced emotions like confusion and awe.
NASA's Terra satellite reveals two areas of intense storms in Tropical Storm Nari, with cloud top temperatures as low as minus 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm is moving northward toward Japan, expected to make landfall and then dissipate over cooler waters.
A study led by UC Riverside professor David Reznick found that female fish with placentas form new species twice as fast as those without, due to their ability to choose mates. This connection between mothering and evolution suggests a key role for females in shaping the formation of new species.
This observational study found that exposure to more tree canopy was associated with a lower likelihood of psychological distress and better self-rated general health. However, no green space indicator was consistently linked to depression or anxiety, and low-lying vegetation had mixed results.
Research from the University of Exeter Law School found that UK mobile phone contracts are cheaper due to minimal regulations and market competition. The study suggests that keeping regulations low creates a more competitive market, leading to lower prices.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered a new mechanism determining how carbon is stored in soils, which could improve climate resilience and reduce carbon footprints. Soils from ecosystems with higher plant diversity have more pores of the right size for stable carbon storage.
Researchers developed a new molecule, HDO-antimiR, that can silence malfunctioning miRNA with heightened efficacy and lowered toxicity. It has been shown to be 12 times more efficient in binding to targeted miRNA and producing enhanced phenotypic effects in mice.
Researchers found that pavement burns account for a significant number of burn-related injuries, particularly in the Southwestern United States. Temperatures above 95 degrees significantly increase the risk of pavement burns, with the risk increasing exponentially as temperatures exceed 105 degrees.
A new Yale University study reveals that banning tobacco sales to people under age 21 significantly reduces smoking rates among 18- to 20-year-olds. The study found a 10% drop in smoking among these age group when local tobacco-21 laws are implemented, with effects expected to be even greater at the state level.
The effects of skin aging differ among ethnic groups, with varying levels of damage from environmental factors such as sunlight. Key findings show that patients of color experience changes in pigmentation, while those of European descent have thinner skin and wrinkles.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered a novel form of magnetism, called orbital ferromagnetism, generated by carefully stacking and rotating honeycomb-shaped carbon lattices. This finding could prove useful for certain applications, such as quantum computing.
A team of engineers at Washington University in St. Louis has found a more stable, less toxic semiconductor for solar applications, made up of potassium, barium, tellurium, bismuth and oxygen (KBaTeBiO6). The new compound has a band gap of 1.88 eV, which is close to the halide perovskites, making it promising for solar cell applications.
Researchers aim to understand how aging immune system interacts with arteries, potentially informing treatment of heart disease. A five-year NIH grant will support the study, which involves recruiting 54 healthy adults across three age categories.
Researchers found that resveratrol blocks the expression of an enzyme related to stress control in the brain, displaying anti-stress effects and neuroprotective properties. This could lead to novel antidepressant treatments, potentially benefiting millions of people affected by depression and anxiety disorders.