The end of the quantum tunnel
Researchers develop new mathematical structure to describe tunneling phenomena in quantum mechanics, resolving long-standing problem and opening doors for further applications.
Science News Archive 2024 - Page 332
Browse by Month - 2024
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Robotic nerve ‘cuffs’ could help treat a range of neurological conditions
Researchers developed tiny, flexible devices that can wrap around individual nerve fibers without damaging them. The robotic nerve cuffs are sensitive enough to grasp delicate nerves and only require tiny voltages to change shape.
Biomarkers identified for successful treatment of bone marrow tumors
Researchers at the University of Leipzig Medical Center have identified biomarkers associated with the response to CAR T cell therapy in multiple myeloma. These biomarkers enable patients to predict their likelihood of responding well or less well to treatment before initiating therapy.
SourceUniversität Leipzig·JournalNature Cancer·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateApr 26, 2024
Breast cancer rates rising among Canadian women in their 20s, 30s and 40s
A study published in the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal shows an increase in breast cancer diagnoses among females in their Twenties, Thirties, and Forties. Younger women are more likely to be diagnosed at later stages and with more aggressive cancer.
SourceUniversity of Ottawa·JournalCanadian Association of Radiologists Journal·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateApr 26, 2024
New paradigm revolutionizing smart fibrillar adhesive: surpassing the limits of gecko-inspired designs
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking new design paradigm for smart fibrillar adhesives, surpassing the limits of traditional gecko-inspired designs. These innovative adhesives boast unprecedented strength, exceptional switchability, and scalability, enabling applications in robotics, manufacturing, and medicine.
Study shows climate change impact on China's dry–wet transition zones
A recent study published in the Journal of Hydrology reveals significant changes in bioclimatic environments across China's dry–wet transition zones due to climate change. The research identifies these zones as hotspots of ecosystem vulnerability, emphasizing the need for targeted impact assessment and adaptation studies.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalJournal of Hydrology·DateApr 26, 2024
Homelessness a major issue for many patients in the emergency department
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that 1 in 20 emergency department patients experience housing insecurity, presenting with increased risk of chronic disease and injury. Screening for homelessness is crucial to tailor care for this susceptible patient population.
Experts developing immune-enhancing therapies to target tuberculosis
New therapies aim to strengthen the body's immune responses and restore antimicrobial functions to combat TB. Researchers have identified small molecule compounds that reduce Mtb growth inside immune cells by up to 50-75%, suggesting a potential complement to standard therapy.
Coordinating blood vessel activity might be associated with better brain performance
A study by Tohoku University has found that synchronized vasomotion, which efficiently delivers oxygen and glucose, may improve learning abilities and potentially delay or prevent dementia. The research used a method to monitor blood vessel dynamics in the mouse brain and induced vasomotion via visual stimuli.
Imaging the microstructural landscape of amorphous carbons
The study presents a comprehensive microstructural landscape of six representative phases of amorphous carbons, including disordered graphene networks and diamond-like structures. The researchers developed a phase diagram and discovered a fitted power-law that regulates the microstructural stability of amorphous carbons.
Recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge ash
A new method recovers phosphorus from sewage sludge ash through chemical and heat treatment, providing a valuable resource for industries. The process can be implemented with lower energy requirements and costs than conventional technologies, making it an attractive solution for addressing the depletion of phosphorus ores.
SourceHokkaido University·JournalResources Conservation and Recycling·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 26, 2024
The right frame determines the movement
Researchers at German Primate Center investigated how rhesus monkeys encode target positions in arm movements, finding that brain areas can switch between body- and object-related spatial reference systems depending on the task. This flexible coding is essential for developing neuroprostheses that can interpret brain signals correctly.
SourceDeutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ)/German Primate Center·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 26, 2024
Mobile device location data is already used by private companies, so why not for studying human-wildlife interactions, scientists ask
Researchers argue that mobility data can help understand human-wildlife interactions and inform policy decisions on sustainability-related issues. They propose aggregating datasets without personal identifiers to make them accessible to researchers, benefiting both conservation and private companies.
New circuit boards can be repeatedly recycled
Researchers at the University of Washington developed a new PCB that performs on par with traditional materials and can be recycled repeatedly. The process uses a solvent to transform a type of vitrimer into a jelly-like substance, allowing solid components to be plucked out for reuse or recycling.
Getting dynamic information from static snapshots
Researchers from UChicago create TopicVelo, a new method using scRNA-seq data to study dynamic processes in cells. The method groups data by biological processes, such as ribosomal synthesis, differentiation, and immune response, to better understand how cells change over time.
SourceUniversity of Chicago·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeObservational study·DateApr 26, 2024
Ancient Maya blessed their ballcourts
Researchers discovered evidence of ceremonial plant offerings beneath a ballcourt in Yaxnohcah, Mexico. Environmental DNA analysis revealed the presence of plants with religious and medicinal significance, indicating a possible blessing ritual during construction.
Using stem cell-derived heart muscle cells to advance heart regenerative therapy
A Japanese research team from Shinshu University has successfully tested a novel approach to regenerative heart therapy using human induced pluripotent stem cells. The strategy involves injecting cardiac spheroids into damaged hearts, resulting in improved blood pumping capability and minimal arrhythmias in primate models.
New favorite—smart electric wheel drive tractor: realizes efficient drive with ingenious structure and intelligent control
This study proposes a new configuration for an electric tractor with a wheel-side motor independent drive system, battery ballast system, and direct-drive electro-hydraulic suspension system. The proposed active control method reduces tractor slip by 14.83% and increases traction efficiency by 10.28%.
Making transfusion-transmitted malaria in Europe a thing of the past
Malaria parasite can be transmitted through blood donations, organ transplants, and needle sharing. Dr. Sophie Le Cam highlights the need for more sensitive testing methods to detect asymptomatic infections in donors from malaria-endemic countries.
X-chromosome inactivation may reduce autism risk
Researchers found a bias in X-chromosome inactivation that protects females from harmful mutations linked to autism. The study suggests the paternal X chromosome is inactivated in 60% of cells, preventing mutation effects.
SourceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/UW Medicine·JournalCell Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 26, 2024
Illusion helps demystify the way vision works
A new study using electrophysiology and optogenetics has shown that neurons in the primary visual cortex respond to brightness illusions, settling a long-standing debate in neuroscience. The findings suggest that higher-level neurons play a crucial role in modulating activity in lower-level neurons.
Up in smoke: new study suggests it’s time to ditch long-held stereotypes about stoners
Researchers surveyed 260 chronic cannabis users, finding they are motivated to exert effort while high and not lazy. Chronic use also affects self-regulation, leading to increased impulsivity and decreased thoughtfulness.
How the immune system learns from harmless particles
University of Bonn researchers found that harmless particles improve immune responses and enhance lung function in mice. The study used beta-glucan to stimulate the immune system, resulting in a modified response to pathogenic bacteria.
Experimental NIH malaria monoclonal antibody protective in Malian children
A mid-stage trial of an experimental malaria monoclonal antibody found it to be 77% effective in preventing infection and disease in children in Mali. The treatment, administered by subcutaneous injection, was developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is designed to provide long-acting protection against malaria.
SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateApr 26, 2024
Gene regulation: modification in the nucleosome jungle
A team of LMU researchers has deciphered the mechanism by which a tiny chromatin modifying enzyme called ISWI remains mobile in the cell nucleus. The study reveals that ISWI consumes ATP to navigate through densely packed chromatin and prevent it from becoming too rigid.
SourceLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München·JournalNature Structural & Molecular Biology·DateApr 26, 2024
UNC Charlotte bioinformatics professor discovers surprising evolutionary pattern in landmark yeast study
A new study by UNC Charlotte Professor Abigail Leavitt LaBella and colleagues reveals that yeasts do not fit the 'jack of all trades, master of none' adage. They found that yeasts with a broad ability to metabolize different carbon sources are actually efficient growers.
SourceUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte·JournalScience·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 26, 2024
AI deciphers new gene regulatory code in plants and makes accurate predictions for newly sequenced genomes
Researchers have trained interpretable deep learning models on genomic information to identify correlations between genetic variants and crop traits. The AI technology accurately predicts gene activity and pinpoints specific sequence variations that explain observed differences in gene activity.
SourceLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research·JournalNature Communications·DateApr 26, 2024
Scientists discover higher levels of CO2 increase survival of viruses in the air and transmission risk
Researchers found that increased CO2 concentrations prolong the life of SARS-CoV-2 variants in airborne particles, increasing transmission risk. Fresh air with lower CO2 levels can inactivate viruses faster, making opening windows an effective mitigation strategy.
Blood test finds knee osteoarthritis up to eight years before it appears on x-rays
Researchers developed a blood test that accurately predicted knee osteoarthritis development and progression, detecting molecular signals eight years before x-ray diagnosis. This breakthrough offers new hope for early intervention and therapeutic strategies to slow disease progression and restore joint health.
DOE Under Secretary for Science and Innovation visits Jefferson Lab
Under Secretary for Science and Innovation Geraldine Richmond visited the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to discuss its research portfolio diversification efforts. The lab is working to ensure diverse communities have access to its programs, support, and opportunities.
Medscape removes education courses for doctors funded by tobacco giant
Medscape has removed its accredited medical education courses on smoking cessation funded by Philip Morris International following a BMJ investigation. The move comes as doctors and academics call for a global ban on industry-funded medical education, citing concerns over ethics and the potential to prolong tobacco use.
Traffic noise, a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
A new analysis published in Circulation Research finds strong evidence that transportation noise is closely linked to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The study suggests that traffic noise increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes.
SourceUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz·JournalCirculation Research·TypeMeta-analysis·DateApr 26, 2024
Researchers identify targets in the brain to modulate heart rate and treat depressive disorders
A new study suggests that stimulating specific areas of the brain can affect heart rate in individuals with depressive disorders. The researchers found high accuracy in identifying optimal treatment spots using heart rate measurements during brain stimulation.
SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalNature Mental Health·TypeObservational study·DateApr 26, 2024
More efficient molecular motor widens potential applications
Researchers have created a more efficient light-driven molecular motor, which can be used for various applications such as controlling molecular self-assembly and creating chiral dopants in liquid crystals. The new design also enables the motor to work more efficiently in medical applications due to its longer wavelength absorption.
Revolutionizing memory technology: multiferroic nanodots for low-power magnetic storage
Researchers developed nanodots with single ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domains using multiferroic material BFCO, enabling energy-efficient writing and reading operations. The smaller nanodot showed a single-domain structure, while the larger one exhibited multi-domain vortex structures, demonstrating strong magnetoelectric coupling.
SourceTokyo Institute of Technology·JournalACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 26, 2024
Undocumented Latinx patients got COVID-19 vaccine at same rate as US citizens
A new UCLA Health study found that undocumented Latinx patients who sought care in emergency rooms during the pandemic received the COVID-19 vaccine at the same rate as U.S. citizens. The group had higher rates of prior COVID-19 infection compared to other groups.
SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeObservational study·DateApr 26, 2024
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: changes in gut microbiota and blood lipids
Decreased gut bacterial diversity was found in patients with NAFLD, while Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus 2 were associated with the disease. The study identified a combination of microbiomes and biochemical indexes that distinguished NAFLD from normal livers.
SourceXia & He Publishing Inc.·JournalJournal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology·DateApr 26, 2024
Divining peak groundwater
By 2050, one-third of the world's basins may reach peak groundwater extraction, leading to significant shifts in trade and agriculture. Scientists analyzed patterns in nonrenewable groundwater usage over the next century to inform decision-making and adaptative measures.
Cardiovascular risk associated with social determinants of health at individual and area levels
A study of 26,000 US participants found that both individual- and area-level social determinants contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. The findings suggest that these factors should be considered in future risk assessment tools, especially for Black individuals.
Longer-lasting and more sustainable green hydrogen production
Researchers at RIKEN have improved the stability of a green hydrogen production process by using a custom-made catalyst, increasing its lifetime by almost 4,000 times. The breakthrough uses earth-abundant materials, making it more sustainable and potentially cost-effective for widespread industrial use.
AMS Science Preview: Hawaiian climates; chronic pain; lightning-caused wildfires
A new study establishes official climate divisions in Hawaii, improving climate research and forecasting. Chronic pain sufferers who spend time outdoors experience stronger weather-based effects, while lightning-initiated wildfires are responsible for more than half the acres burned in the contiguous United States.
SourceAmerican Meteorological Society·JournalBulletin of the American Meteorological Society·DateApr 26, 2024
Test reveals mice think like babies
A new study reveals mice think like babies, exhibiting exploratory and strategic behavior when learning tasks. Researchers found that mice adjust their strategy based on expectations and internal models, leading to improved performance without rewards.
People with rare longevity mutation may also be protected from cardiovascular disease
A recent study found that individuals with a rare condition known as growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) have normal or improved levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors compared to their relatives. This suggests that GHRD may actually protect against cardiovascular disease, contrary to previous speculation.
Energy trades could help resolve Nile conflict
Scientists propose a transformative approach to resolve the Nile conflict by increasing electricity trade between Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt. This study reveals that energy-water system simulation can alleviate tensions and promote win-win situations for all parties involved.
Automated machine learning robot unlocks new potential for genetics research
Researchers developed a robot that uses machine learning to automate microinjection in genetic research, enabling large-scale experiments. The technology has the potential to expand genetic research capabilities while reducing costs.
Findings of large-scale study on 572 Asian families supports gene-directed management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene carriers in Singapore
A large-scale study of 572 Asian families with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations found increased breast cancer risk over time, with highest incidence at age 55. The study provides a new framework for estimating cancer risks in Asian carriers, supporting tailored clinical management approaches.
SourceSingHealth·JournalThe Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateApr 26, 2024
How to clean up New Delhi’s smoggy air
A study led by the Paul Scherrer Institute reveals that incomplete combustion and biomass burning are major contributors to New Delhi's air pollution. The research found that particulate matter in the air causes oxidative stress, leading to illnesses such as asthma and hypertension.
From disorder to order: flocking birds and “spinning” particles
Scientists have found a new way to create ordered states in quantum systems by increasing particle motility, leading to potential breakthroughs in quantum computing and magnetic memory. This discovery extends the concept of active matter to the quantum realm and has far-reaching implications for technology development.
SourceSchool of Science, The University of Tokyo·JournalPhysical Review Research·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateApr 26, 2024
Nanomaterial that mimics proteins could be basis for new neurodegenerative disease treatments
A new nanomaterial has been developed to mimic the behavior of proteins and may lead to effective treatments for Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The nanomaterial alters the interaction between two key proteins in brain cells, potentially providing a powerful therapeutic effect.
SourceUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison·JournalAdvanced Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 25, 2024
JACC journals publish series on chronological vs biological aging
The JACC family of journals published a series on chronological vs biological aging, exploring its impact on CVD risk, progression, and management. The series emphasizes the need for tailored prevention and treatment strategies.
SourceAmerican College of Cardiology·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·DateApr 25, 2024
National trial safely scaled back prescribing of a powerful antipsychotic for the elderly
Researchers found a significant reduction in quetiapine use among nursing home patients (7%) and community-dwelling patients (15%), without signs of adverse effects. The intervention improved mental health outcomes and slightly reduced the risk of death for patients living in the community.
SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateApr 25, 2024
Living at higher altitudes in India linked to increased risk of childhood stunting
Research published in BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health found that living at higher altitudes in India increases the risk of childhood stunting. Children living above 2000m are 40% more likely to be stunted than those below 1000m. Mother's education and access to healthcare also play a crucial role in preventing stunting.
Study uncovers drug target in a protein complex required for activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in multiple diseases
Researchers identify a key point of vulnerability in NF-κB activation by targeting an oligosaccharyltransferase complex. This approach may lead to therapies inhibiting STT3A, trapping the complex in an inactive state and blocking inflammation and cancer.
Anthropologist documents how women and shepherds historically reduced wildfire risk in Central Italy
In Central Italy, traditional land management practices like leaf litter raking and sheep grazing reduced wildfire risk. However, these practices have been largely forgotten due to historical classism and sexism. The research highlights the importance of remembering these ancient practices in mitigating future wildfires.
CoARA hosts joint workshop on “Reforming Research Assessment” during GYA Annual General Meeting and International Conference of Young Scientists
The event, part of CoARA Boost project, examines current research assessment practices that perpetuate a 'publish or perish' culture. Discussants explore efforts such as DORA, FOLEC-CLACSO, and CoARA to promote openness, integrity, and equity.
Future parents more likely to get RSV vaccine when pregnant if aware that RSV can be a serious illness in infants
A nationwide survey found that pregnant people are more likely to receive the RSV vaccine if they believe the virus can be a serious illness in infants. The study also shows that parents with an existing child at home are more likely to get vaccinated, highlighting the importance of awareness and education.
Premature mortality higher among sexual minority women, study finds
A recent study by Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute found that bisexual women died 37% sooner and lesbian women 20% sooner than heterosexual women. The study analyzed data from over 100,000 female nurses and highlighted the need for targeted interventions to reduce disparities among sexual minority groups.
DPABINet: a turn-key brain network and graph theory analysis platform based on MRI data
DPABINet enables users to construct brain networks, conduct graph theory analysis, and perform statistical analysis with a single click, eliminating the need for programming expertise. The platform enhances brain structural network research derived from diffusion-weighted imaging, providing a robust analysis framework.
Genetic variations may predispose people to Parkinson’s disease following long-term pesticide exposure, study finds
A new study found that genetic variants in lysosomal genes may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease in individuals exposed to high levels of pesticides. The research suggests a potential gene-environment interaction, where minor changes in these genes can lead to increased disease risk under stress.
SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·Journalnpj Parkinson s Disease·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateApr 25, 2024
The importance of communicating to the public during a pandemic, and the personal risk it can lead to
Associate Professor Siouxsie Wiles collaborated with cartoonist Toby Morris to create digestible graphics about COVID-19, reducing transmission chains and promoting public measures. However, she faced abusive messages and personal attacks, highlighting the need for adequate support from employers.