Researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences will use a precision medicine approach to increase the effectiveness of sleep apnea treatment in people with Down syndrome. The study aims to evaluate the combination of two medications, atomoxetine and oxybutynin, for OSA in individuals with Down syndrome.
Biodegradable microplastics have been found to promote nutrient turnover in soil, leading to improved pea growth. In contrast, traditional microplastics had more complex effects on plant biomass and microbial activity. Long-term toxicity of microplastics remains unknown, emphasizing the need for future field experiments.
Proposed Medicaid reforms would have far-reaching consequences beyond federal budget savings, including negative health outcomes and economic losses. Rural and underserved communities are disproportionately affected by these policy changes.
Educators in Mexico endorse the new curriculum, but express concerns about increased autonomy leading to teacher confusion. The study highlights the need for a balance between individual freedom and broader control to support teachers.
Researchers found that brines can develop for brief periods during late winter and early spring from melting frost, suggesting transient water activity is most likely during specific seasons. The study highlights the importance of targeting seasonal windows to detect brine formation with future astrobiological investigations.
Researchers mapped the frequencies used by Staphylococcus bacteria to communicate, identifying a signal from another species as potent against MRSA. This alternative technique weakens bacterial ability to coordinate attacks on hosts without killing them.
A team of scientists has developed a novel CO2-activated porous carbon adsorbent that selectively traps impurities while purifying target gases. The material achieves a record C3F6/C3F8 uptake ratio and produces 99.999% pure C3F8 at industrial scales.
Researchers have developed solid-state batteries that can charge in a fraction of the time and pack more energy into less space than traditional lithium-ion versions. These batteries use stable solid materials instead of liquid electrolytes, enabling faster charging, reduced safety risks, and improved efficiency.
A recent study by NYU researchers found that student preferences for home-cooked meals and fast food, as well as concerns about meal health, are significant barriers to student participation in free school meals. The study suggests that making healthy meals more appealing and accessible can help increase student participation.
Researchers found that specific gaze sequences, including looking at an object and making eye contact, are crucial for effective communication. This discovery has implications for social robot development and non-verbal communication training.
Researchers discovered specific genes in Streptomyces cinnamonensis that significantly boost monensin synthesis, increasing yield by 1.3-fold in shake-flask cultures and 1.2-fold in a bioreactor. The engineered strain demonstrated efficient fatty acid metabolism, offering a sustainable pathway for high-efficiency biomanufacturing.
Michael Danquah, a professor at University of Tennessee at Knoxville, has been elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology for his significant contributions to biotechnology and molecular bioengineering. His research in biosensing, bioremediation, and targeted drug delivery addresses critical healthcare and environmental challenges.
A new framework outlines crucial validity standards for stem cell technology to study devastating brain disorders, aiming to translate laboratory discoveries into effective treatments. The framework addresses the critical gap in translating genetic discovery to clinical application.
A new study found that a wildfire and drought led to an increase in jaguar population density in the Brazilian wetlands. The site, which is home to a unique population of jaguars with aquatic diets, may serve as a climate refuge, buffering extreme climate events.
Researchers have discovered two new species of wart sea slugs from North Sulawesi, Indonesia, including Phyllidia ovata and Phyllidia fontjei. The discoveries were made possible by citizen science contributions and add to the region's rich biodiversity.
The study found a strong correlation between solar corona brightness and CME velocities, with bright regions related to slower CMEs. This discovery could significantly improve space weather forecasting and mitigate the impacts of geomagnetic storms and solar particle events.
A new study published in Nature Communications shows that rice coral passes on thermal resistance to its offspring, avoiding coral bleaching. This finding is crucial for breeding stronger, heat-tolerant corals to face environmental stress and preserve the future of coral reefs.
Research reveals key differences in how ocean viruses affect carbon flow, with potential climate implications. RNA viruses disrupt carbon and nutrient recycling, making it harder for bacteria to break down organic matter.
A new mouse study uses advanced OCT imaging to reveal the fallopian tube's pumping mechanism in transporting preimplantation embryos towards the uterus. The study sheds light on the biological mechanisms underlying reproductive challenges like infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
The Vanguard Study aims to understand the effectiveness and use of multi-cancer detection blood tests in detecting cancer at an early stage. Researchers will recruit adults aged 45-75 with no cancer diagnosis for five years, providing two blood samples and regular cancer screening.
Researchers have created a more efficient and controlled method to produce lab-grown inner ear hair cells, offering new hope for hearing loss research. The innovative approach uses a doxycycline-inducible transcription factor system, significantly increasing efficiency and reducing time compared to existing methods.
A study of 365 adults found nearly one in four had a genetic condition causing their ICU admission, which was unknown to nearly half of those patients and their doctors. The researchers recommend offering genetic testing to all adults admitted to the ICU to improve care and reduce health disparities.
Researchers created BP/ReS2 heterojunctions using LPE and ME methods, enhancing stability and nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials. The results indicate significant application potential in all-solid-state pulsed lasers operating in the 2 μm band.
Researchers have identified a previously unrecognized source of seismic hazard for the Yukon Territory, finding evidence of multiple large earthquakes on the Tintina fault in recent geologic history. The team's findings confirm that the fault continues to accumulate strain, posing a future earthquake threat with potential magnitudes ex...
Researchers at RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences have developed a 3-D printed implant that delivers electrical stimulation to injured areas of the spinal cord, enhancing nerve cell growth. The study has shown promising results in lab experiments and may enable new medical devices for traumatic spinal cord injuries.
Researchers have developed a 3D bio-printed model of lung tissue that closely mimics natural complexity, enabling better testing of respiratory diseases and drug development. The model can be adapted to include additional cell types or patient-derived cells, making it a powerful tool for personalized medicine and disease modeling.
The Taliban has chosen to maintain a delicate balance with local violent jihadi groups, prioritizing economic links and old ties over direct confrontation. This cooperation has significant security implications for the region and beyond.
A new treatment approach using cyclophosphamide has been found to prevent most graft-versus-host disease in mismatched transplants. The study shows that 80% of patients are alive after a year, similar to outcomes seen in fully matched transplants.
Researchers at University of Missouri uncover the antiviral potential of defensins, tiny proteins with powerful antimicrobial properties. Defensins can block SARS-CoV-2 from entering human cells, offering a promising approach to treating viral and bacterial infections.
A new study by Bar-Ilan University finds that most Amazon Mechanical Turk participants produce highly inconsistent responses, even among high-performing users. In contrast, elite Master workers consistently provide high-quality data, recommending their use for future research to ensure reliable empirical science.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the complex interactions between climate drivers and the Southern Hemisphere's Eddy-Driven Jet. By analyzing historical data and applying innovative statistical methods, they found that 50% of the observed shift in the jet stream is directly attributable to global warming.
A new deep learning model enhances handheld 3D medical imaging by automatically tracking transducer motion without external sensors. The model produces more realistic 3D US images and can reconstruct blood vessel structures using ultrasound and photoacoustic data.
A team of scientists presents a revolutionary theory about the origins of the Universe, proposing that gravity and quantum mechanics are sufficient to explain its structure. The new model relies on natural quantum fluctuations in space-time and gravitational waves to seed density differences that led to galaxy formation.
Researchers from Science Tokyo developed analog relay stations to extend mmWave coverage, achieving over 1 Gbps throughput and enhancing stability in previously unreachable zones. The innovative solution utilizes distributed relay diversity to maintain signal strength and throughput even with blockage.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University developed a computational method and tool to identify genes and genetic changes causing complex diseases. Their new approach allows doctors to detect and treat cardiometabolic diseases earlier in their development, identifying new genes that were previously overlooked.
A new survey conducted by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center highlights the widespread emotional impact of cancer on adults when a loved one is diagnosed. Cancer anxiety can significantly impact long-term survival, with up to five times the likelihood of depression among cancer patients compared to the general population. The ...
University of Cincinnati graduate Perry Li has been awarded a Fulbright grant to teach English in rural Taiwan while bridging cultural gaps through music. With a unique perspective as a Chinese American, Li aims to connect Taiwanese culture with American traditions.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has secured funding from the Research Grants Council to develop a cost-effective and sustainable collaborative Generative AI (Co-GenAI) model. The project aims to democratize AI development by reducing centralized computational demand and enabling broader participation in GenAI research and deployment.
A comprehensive new study analyzed scripts from nearly 7,000 episodes of children's TV shows in the US spanning 1960 to 2018. The research found enduring biased patterns in how male and female characters are portrayed through language, with men associated with agency and rewards, while women were linked to family and relationships.
Researchers decode a 800-year-old document, correcting misunderstandings of 'wolves' instead of 'elves', to reveal a medieval preacher weaving pop culture into sermons. The study sheds new light on Chaucer's references and the legend's impact on courtly romance.
A new transcriptome atlas for soybean embryos has been developed, revealing dynamic gene expression patterns and key regulatory networks. The study identifies key biological processes, such as circadian rhythm regulation and hormone signaling, which cooperate throughout development.
Researchers at the University of New Mexico are launching a Phase 1a/1b clinical trial for a new vaccine engineered to clear pathological tau protein from the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. The trial aims to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the novel vaccine.
Studies compare three helmet materials (ABS, fiberglass, and aluminum alloys) for reducing traumatic brain injury risk in elite athletes. ABS is sufficient for training and recreational sports, while fiberglass or aluminum alloys are recommended for elite athletes due to their unique benefits.
The Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Journal Alliance aims to bridge medicine and engineering research through scholarly publishing. The partnership seeks to accelerate translational research in precision medicine and biomedical engineering, increasing global visibility for China's 'Double First-Class...
Research found that physiological stress messengers noradrenaline and cortisol affect social behavior in different ways, promoting cooperativeness within groups and competition with outsiders. The study suggests a neurobiological explanation for the 'us versus them' mentality and increasing polarization in the world.
A survey from the Orlando Health Spine Center found that Americans often opt for short-term relief methods such as rest (44%), over-the-counter pain relievers (42%), and hot/cold therapies (29%) when dealing with neck and back pain. In contrast, only 5% consider surgery as a top option for pain relief.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba and Granada have improved the spatial resolution of monthly climate data from 22,000 years ago to the year 2100, allowing for more detailed studies. This enables the analysis of specific ecosystems and biodiversity responses to climate changes.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a protein aggregation inhibitor called GAI-17, which significantly reduced brain cell death and paralysis in mice with acute strokes. The drug also showed no adverse effects on the heart or cerebrovascular system.
Roman will scan a large region of the cosmos every five days for two years, detecting around 27,000 type Ia supernovae and 60,000 core-collapse supernovae. These observations will help scientists understand dark energy, the universe's expansion, and fill gaps in our understanding of cosmic history.
The study found that alopecia stigma affects over 80% of patients with anxiety or depression, while those with more positive perceptions have lower anxiety symptoms. The researchers hope to assess patients' illness perceptions and stigma in routine check-ups to provide targeted support.
Researchers discovered Methylophilus sp. HN238, a bacterium capable of efficiently converting methanol into high-quality protein with all 18 amino acids. Optimization increased protein yield by 387.3%, meeting WHO standards for quality.
Wild chimpanzees show reduced participation and performance in tool-use behaviours as they age, with individual differences in impact observed. The study provides evidence that old age leads to a gradual withdrawal from tool use, affecting efficiency and daily tasks.
A newly developed low-cost, handheld intraoral device combines optical diagnostics and image-guided photodynamic therapy to detect and treat early-stage oral cancer. The device shows promising accuracy and effectiveness in detecting PpIX fluorescence and monitoring treatment in real-time.
Marine heatwaves in the South China Sea are categorized into intensified and attenuated types based on sea surface temperature trends. Ocean dynamics drive nearly half of intensified MHWs, challenging the traditional view that atmospheric heating dominates.
A UK clinical trial found that almost nine in ten patients with a penicillin allergy label were not truly allergic after testing, and had their allergy label safely removed. This could help patients access more effective antibiotics and combat antibiotic resistance.
A review of 64 over-the-counter products found that omega-3s, St John's Wort, probiotics, and vitamin D have substantial evidence for treating depression. Other promising products include folic acid, lavender, zinc, tryptophan, and lemon balm. However, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that long-term musical training can mitigate age-related declines in speech perception by promoting a more youthful pattern of brain activity. This suggests that musical training may build cognitive reserve, helping older adults maintain optimal cognitive performance.
Researchers have discovered a high representation of genes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in RNA cargo within extracellular vesicles. The study provides a roadmap for integrating EV transcript profiling with genetic approaches, which could inform the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
The FDA has granted orphan drug designation to a new gene therapy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a devastating disease with no current effective treatment. The therapy uses a viral vector expressing the secreted isoform of Klotho protein, showing promising results in preclinical studies.
Researchers at HKUST develop highly efficient and stable green quantum rod LEDs with unprecedented colour purity and maximized colour gamut. The new technology boasts triple the brightness of previous models and longer lifespan, enabling energy-efficient and vivid visuals.