A new model shows that the processivity of motors helps break symmetry in chromosomes, driving deformation from a ball to a cylinder shape. The model explains structural patterns like chromosomal jets and provides insights into eukaryotic chromosome replication.
A new framework, SUVA, enables organizations to measure and adjust AI chatbots' social preferences, improving their performance in customer complaints and other human-AI interactions. By understanding an LLM's existing tendencies, organizations can decide whether an available model already fits its values and usage scenarios.
Researchers at UCLA Health have identified a brain region called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) that regulates memory integration. The vmPFC acts as a quality control checkpoint, preventing memories from getting mixed up when they are significantly different or far apart in time.
A new poll by Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine finds that most men consider a carnivore diet to be 'masculine' and would change their diet if it put their health at risk. The survey also found that consuming meat is linked to an increased risk of heart disease, erectile dysfunction, and reduced fertility.
Agricultural science educators in Tennessee and Nebraska benefit from professional development programs to create VR content and lessons. The programs aim to improve agricultural literacy and increase student interest in these careers through experiential learning.
Researchers used game theory to identify promising porous carbon materials made from agricultural and industrial waste. The study found that certain samples, such as rice straw-KOH-level 2, performed well in terms of surface area and pore volume, making them suitable for applications in soil amendment, water conservation, and pollutant...
Dogs with lower urine ammonia-to-creatinine ratios may experience faster kidney disease progression, higher fatality rates, and shorter survival times. UACR levels also may represent an earlier marker of acid dysregulation before more obvious changes in blood tests.
Researchers at UTHealth Houston have been awarded a five-year, $3.3 million grant to extend the Dating it Safe study from 15 to 20 years. The study aims to determine how adolescent behaviors impact adult mental health and relationships.
A new study found that excavated urban soils in South Korea emit measurable amounts of CO2 and CH4, highlighting a previously overlooked climate cost. Researchers suggest simple practices like soil capping and biochar amendment could be integrated into construction workflows to mitigate these emissions.
The CDL Healthcare Delivery stream will support early-stage ventures building technology to reduce costs, improve patient outcomes, and accelerate innovation in real clinical environments. Founders will have access to University Hospitals as a living laboratory, testing their technologies with clinicians and caregivers.
A new study found that pairing biochar with beneficial Bacillus bacteria can improve phosphorus availability in soil, reshape the root-zone microbial community, and strengthen root architecture. This leads to increased fruit-cluster branching and a 23.53% increase in cherry tomato yield.
Researchers found that obesity alters the biological changes in breast cancer cells, enabling them to survive and thrive. The study's findings could improve prediction and treatment of invasive breast cancer, reducing overtreatment and unnecessary treatments.
Researchers at OSU found that taller buildings and those with flammable exterior materials produce more embers, which can cause 90% of structure losses. The study aimed to predict how fires will spread and design resilient buildings against wildfires.
Researchers from Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center present new findings on a hospital program that redistributes unused oral cancer drugs donated by patients. The program helps patients avoid treatment delays caused by insurance issues, shipping problems or cost, and has been shown to reduce drug delays by six days.
Experts from medicine, psychology, and geography will discuss the links between climate change and mental health, highlighting specific perspectives from South Africa and Germany. The webinar aims to integrate mental health into climate and health strategies.
Researchers created a microscopic, nonlinear light source that can be switched on, off or tuned to a particular intensity by an electrical 'knob'. The device is just 200 nanometers wide and has a controllable active area of two-to-six nanometers, enabling faster and more efficient optical switching.
Researchers recreated the maternal-embryo interface using a novel co-culture system and mapped lipid metabolic dynamics during early implantation. Arachidonic acid metabolism is essential for embryo attachment, endometrial receptivity, and trophoblast development.
A large aging cohort study found that regular dietary habits, particularly protein-rich foods, can influence physical functioning later in life. Adults with lower protein intake were more likely to develop reduced muscle strength and difficulty performing everyday activities over time.
A pioneering training program equips health workers with effective conversation skills to address vaccine hesitancy, resulting in improved attitudes towards vaccination. The program has already upskilled over 400 health workers across the UK, leading to increased confidence and better vaccine conversations.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have developed biobased spintronics using iron, cellulose, and starch to create sustainable magnetic field sensors. These sensors achieve levels of sensitivity comparable to commercial solutions and can be safely degraded or recycled.
Researchers developed a liquid reactive ink that can print copper onto surfaces without oxidation or corrosion, enabling faster, cheaper, and more sustainable electronic production. The breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the conductive ink industry by replacing expensive metals with copper.
A new approach to guiding spin waves around sharp corners has been developed, resulting in a significant boost in signal strength. The innovation uses a two-dimensional magnonic crystal with a copper film perforated with holes, creating a 'complete magnonic bandgap' that reflects spin waves.
Recent studies indicate an extension of dry seasons and changes in rainfall patterns in the Amazon, with some predictions surpassing decades' projections. Climate models show intensified water deficits, particularly in southwestern regions under high greenhouse gas emission scenarios.
A new study examines farmer risk preferences when dealing with climate impacts, finding that attitudes toward uncertainty vary widely among farmers. The researchers suggest that different types of programs or policies could be targeted to each group, depending on their level of risk aversion and management decisions.
Researchers found that mirror-image forms of chiral molecules behave differently due to asymmetric magnetic field strengths. This discovery supports a theory about how life began on Earth, proposing that magnetized surfaces played a key role in the emergence of biological molecules.
Activated memory B cells can recognize and target ovarian cancer cells, producing effective antibodies. The discovery advances the development of vaccines and therapies based on immune memory against cancer.
The study suggests that massive galaxies formed through violent mergers, leading to a rapid burst of star formation and the growth of supermassive black holes. This process prevented these galaxies from producing new stars for over a billion years, leaving them as quiescent galaxies.
Research highlights the 'i-frame bias' that overlooks systemic factors in favor of personal traits, leading to individual-focused solutions. A people-centered approach is proposed to address economic inequality, emphasizing pluralism and openness in methods and disciplines.
Benjamin L. Wolozin and his team will examine RNA binding proteins, RNA metabolism, and membraneless organelles in Parkinson's disease pathology and co-pathologies. They will also test a novel compound AQV-3 to break up toxic protein aggregates.
Stephen A. Wilson, MD, MPH, has been elected chair-elect of the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Board of Directors for a one-year term. As chair-elect, he will serve on key committees and lead in the Chair's absence.
Researchers have announced promising results of the B-Well clinical trials, showing that 20% and 19% of patients achieved a functional cure for their chronic hepatitis B infections after 24 weeks of bepirovirsen treatment. This represents a significant step towards developing a curative treatment for the disease.
Three Salk faculty members, Sung Han, Daniel Hollern, and Graham McVicker, receive Keck Scholar-Fellow funding to investigate neural communication, immune tolerance in cancer, and gene expression regulation. The projects aim to advance high-risk, high-reward research and develop new technologies for targeted therapies.
A new study reveals that dark brown carbon from wildfires has a powerful warming effect on the global climate, potentially exceeding that of black carbon. The research found that this 'dark brown carbon' absorbs light well into the visible spectrum, amplifying regional and global warming.
Brown University researchers have stabilized a fleeting structural phase of matter that exhibits extraordinary optical properties. Using custom-shaped nanoparticles, they created a nanoparticle superlattice that freezes an elusive intermediate state between two common crystal metallic arrangements.
Researchers analyzed data from the HEALing Communities Study to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of community-based interventions for reducing opioid overdose and non-overdose deaths. They found that a combined strategy of improving treatment initiation, retention, and naloxone distribution could reduce opioid overdose deaths by 15-40% ...
A team of Monash University students has developed ANTRUM, a wearable tracking and navigation system designed for high-risk underground settings. The palm-sized device allows users to locate their exploration partner and navigate back towards the cave entrance.
The MIT researchers developed a new sensor that can detect biomarkers produced by bladder cancer cells in the bladder, allowing for earlier detection. This approach is nearly 50,000 times more sensitive than traditional urinalysis and can image tumor location in tissue.
Astronomers have found strong evidence that young red dwarf stars can swallow their own nearby planets. The study, published in Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society, suggests that six different red dwarfs had engulfed Earth-like rocky planets, providing a fresh burst of lithium to their atmospheres.
The SPIE Scholarship Program provides support to 85 students studying optics, photonics, or related fields with scholarships ranging from $3,000 to $11,000. The program aims to build a sustainable photonics industry through high-impact support for students and emerging leaders.
Researchers found that patients who continue to smoke ahead of lung cancer surgery have a higher risk of pulmonary complications. However, their short-term mortality rate is similar to those who were able to stop smoking before surgery. The study suggests physicians reconsider traditional models and consider individualized plans for pa...
Researchers discovered the Zwan-Wolf effect in the Martian atmosphere, which helps move solar wind plasma around the planet and makes it less dense. This finding advances scientists' understanding of how the sun interacts with the solar system, particularly on unmagnetized bodies like Mars.
A new framework for chemical bonding is introduced using maximally entangled atomic orbitals, capturing conventional and complex bonding phenomena, including multicenter bonds and aromatic systems.
International students in Poland adopt complex acculturation strategies, blurring heritage cultures with those of the host society. This enables them to form multicultural identities and challenge traditional gender roles.
A new study developed a spatial atlas of specialized immune structures, called tertiary lymphoid structures, across multiple cancer types. The atlas revealed that TLS maturation state, spatial location, and composition within tumors provide clinically meaningful information about cancer prognosis and treatment response.
A study published in Animal Behaviour found that bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay associate more with others using human-centric foraging tactics. Human activities like foraging and red tide events influence dolphin social structure. The research suggests changes in social networks can have lasting consequences.
The study found that small plankton in polar oceans survived the K-Pg boundary extinction event because they needed less energy and were more tolerant to darkness. This breakthrough provides new insights into the mechanisms linking environmental changes to selective extinction patterns.
Researchers at MIT have developed a low-temperature process to extract battery-grade lithium from hard rock minerals, minimizing waste and costs. The closed-loop system can produce useful materials, including lithium salts, alumina, and silica, with an estimated cost reduction of half compared to traditional methods.
Researchers developed a innovative technology that rapidly discharges bubbles and boosts hydrogen production efficiency by clearing pathway blockages in the catalyst layer. The new structure allows water and gas to pass through, improving stability and performance.
Researchers discovered that immune cells in a pigeon's liver can sense the Earth's magnetic field, providing an internal compass. This discovery sheds light on how birds navigate long distances and could have implications for other animals and humans.
A study by Bielefeld University investigates how fans of different national teams physically respond to match events during the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Researchers aim to understand how football supporters around the world experience victories and defeats of their teams, using data from smartwatches.
A longitudinal study of 12,000 German participants confirms that high emotional well-being is associated with being single compared to enduring a poor or moderate-quality relationship. The quality of the relationship is the ultimate deciding factor in determining emotional health.
A recent study found that oceanic regime shifts are affecting subarctic moth communities, with some species benefiting from warmer temperatures while others decline. The study, conducted at the University of Turku in Finland, suggests that moths play a crucial role in the fragile subarctic ecosystems, and their populations can fluctuat...
Researchers discovered that transposable elements are actively expressed in human brains as large RNAs, which can be processed into small RNAs. The study found that Huntington's disease impacts transposon small RNA expression, while Parkinson's exerts a stronger impact on transposon large RNAs.
Researchers from Hong Kong Metropolitan University are developing a novel Cantonese post-drinking speech detection system using artificial intelligence. The system will analyze multiple indicators, including speech rate and grammatical structure deviations, to compare users' language performance before and after alcohol consumption.
A new Oxford study models the impact of compound shocks on global grain supplies, highlighting countries with diverse suppliers and flexible trade networks as more resilient. The analysis suggests that producing all food domestically is unfeasible for many countries, leaving them exposed to global food crises.
The project aims to shape future international engineering guidance for coastal infrastructure as climate change increases storm surge risk. Researchers will gather environmental data on saltmarsh systems and work with international partners to develop practical hybrid green-grey infrastructure solutions.
A new study published in PLOS Digital Health identifies simple food substitutions that can improve meal nutritional quality and lower costs. By analyzing 135,491 meal records, researchers trained an AI model to suggest one to three ingredient swaps, resulting in a 10% improvement in nutritional quality and a 22-34% reduction in costs.
Researchers discovered why antibiotics fail to treat peri-implantitis, a jawbone infection affecting up to 20% of implant patients. Titanium particles from implants activate a calcium channel in macrophages, hijacking the immune system and causing inflammation that destroys bone.
Research exposes soprano pipistrelle bats to weak broadband radiofrequency noise, disrupting their ability to sense the magnetic field and navigate. The study reveals a 'carryover effect' of electromagnetic noise pollution on bat behavior, with potential ecological consequences.
Researchers discovered that certain organelles in plants can efficiently compensate for mistranslated proteins, a key to their environmental stress acclimation. Plants tolerate high rates of plastid mistranslation via regulated proteostasis.