Neuropsychology researchers have identified a unique brain rhythm in the thalamus that distinguishes between different states of consciousness. The discovery, published in Nature Human Behaviour, reveals a rapid oscillation pattern in the frequency range of 20 to 45 Hertz exclusively during waking hours and REM sleep.
Brown University computer scientists introduce PackUV, a compression method that enables everyday video formats to stream volumetric video. The technique improves capture of 3D action and makes final products compatible with existing video codecs.
A study of 211 million supermarket transactions found that 26.7% of customers who bought menstrual products also purchased pain relief, a trend linked to income level. The analysis highlights the need for greater awareness and policy interventions to address menstrual pain disparities.
Researchers develop novel microscopy technique to study energy materials, revealing electronic and magnetic phenomena on femtosecond and picosecond timescales. The technique enables spatially resolved imaging of ultrafast electro-magnetic phenomena across large fields of view.
A new study shows AI can generate hundreds of convincing finance research papers efficiently, but also raises concerns about the potential impact on academic community and meaning of scientific discovery. The study demonstrates how AI can accelerate research paper production while highlighting areas for improvement in peer-review systems.
Researchers introduced a simplified soil vapor transport scheme to address a common issue in conventional land-surface models, which struggle to realistically represent soil drying in arid regions. The revised model produces more realistic drying in near-surface soil layers by representing the movement of water vapor through soil pores.
Chlamydia notifications decreased in seven European countries, with significant declines among young people. The decline was mainly seen in Sweden, Denmark, England, Finland, Ireland, Norway and the Netherlands, with case numbers dropping by up to 32% in some countries.
A recent study found that AI-powered chatbots can provide accurate information in 76.2% of healthcare-related questions, with specialties like obstetrics and gynecology performing best. However, internal medicine, neurology, and dermatology saw lower accuracy rates, with risks of harm associated with incorrect responses.
Elisa Bertino, Purdue University professor, has been elected ACM President, aiming to strengthen the organization's role in promoting computing excellence. She plans to support early-career researchers, promote open access to publications, and expand ACM's reach globally.
Researchers found that running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) triggers a more inflammatory immune response than cycling HIIT. Cycling produced a similar anti-inflammatory effect compared to running, suggesting it could be used in exercise programs to achieve beneficial effects without tissue damage.
A clinical trial is underway at Rice University and Baylor College of Medicine to develop advanced neuroprosthetics for individuals with paralysis. The team is working on decoding cortical neural signals to control robotic assistive devices, enabling people with tetraplegia to eat and drink independently.
A new study by UNIGE and SCAHT reveals that cannabis use is associated with an increase in testosterone levels, particularly in the testes. However, this increase does not appear to have a direct link to fertility, and further research is needed to determine potential long-term effects.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin found that cells with latent TB remain metabolically flexible, allowing strong antibacterial responses. In contrast, cells from people with active TB disease show impaired metabolism and weaker responses to infection.
A new study published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport found that most children meet guidelines for restrained sitting, but urban children and those with more vehicle time are less likely to meet the guideline. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with greater likelihood of meeting the recommended guideline.
A study by McGill University researchers found that individuals with a weaker sense of self are more likely to experience less bodily awareness. The 'rubber hand illusion' experiment replicated previous findings, revealing the connection between mind-body perceptions and self-concept clarity.
Researchers at the University of Jyväskylä have developed an AI model that can analyze colorectal cancer samples more efficiently and accurately predict the functioning of the cells' DNA repair mechanism. This could lead to shorter diagnosis times, reduced costs, and improved analysis accuracy.
A new study by University of British Columbia researchers links multinational activity to greater deforestation and biodiversity loss in Africa. Multinational firms are found to have a much larger environmental impact than domestic firms, driven by factors such as sector concentration and the 'pollution haven' effect.
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo genetically engineer cyanobacteria to produce sulfated polysaccharides, a sustainable route for manufacturing biomaterials. The study demonstrates the feasibility of engineering complex biosynthetic pathways in photosynthetic organisms.
Researchers confirmed locations for nine well-below-Earth's-crust deep earthquakes, proving the existence of continental mantle earthquakes. The study revealed striking patterns, including extremely high temperatures and a heterogeneous structure in the Wyoming Craton.
Research suggests that commonly used anemia medications can inhibit tumor growth and prevent new blood vessel formation, offering a potential dual approach to treating both conditions. The findings open up new possibilities for treating cancer in patients with anemia, who currently face separate treatment goals.
A new study found that a simple angiogram scoring system can identify patients whose heart muscle is still alive even when a major artery has been completely blocked. This breakthrough could change how cardiac patients are treated and help doctors make faster, more informed decisions.
A large national study found that veterans diagnosed with cancer are at a higher risk of suicide attempts, especially in the months following diagnosis. The risk can persist for years and is highest among younger veterans, women, and those with certain types of cancer.
Lanzhou Jiaotong University researchers developed a droplet-based energy harvesting technology that converts secondary wastewater effluents into electricity. The system achieved high output performance and successfully powered LED lights, demonstrating its practical energy harvesting capability.
Scientists have found that the Sun's internal 'biorhythm' has undergone significant changes over the past 40 years, with solar magnetic activity becoming more tightly confined near the surface. This discovery suggests the Sun may be entering a new phase of activity that could impact space weather.
Researchers at Aarhus University discovered a new compound, 4-octyl itaconate, that inhibits inflammation in joints by activating the body's anti-inflammatory system. This treatment targets synoviocytes instead of immune cells, offering a promising new option for patients with severe or treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers found that yellow fever mosquitoes can learn to associate the smell of DEET with food, leading to a significant reduction in their repellent effect. The study suggests that the timing and concentration of DEET application may be more crucial than previously thought.
Researchers developed a nanofiber drug delivery system that uses electrospun fiber membranes to deliver multiple drugs in concert, demonstrating improved efficacy against glioblastoma. The system enables localized long-term delivery of drugs directly at the tumor site after surgery.
Researchers at Mount Sinai have found that autoimmunity is responsible for the symptoms of long COVID in a subset of people. The study suggests that therapies already validated for managing autoimmunity, such as IVIG and FcRn inhibitors, could be effective in reducing symptom burden.
A deep learning model combines knowledge from different catalyst families to identify a top-performing green hydrogen catalyst. The AI correctly predicted the activity ranking of 12 tested catalysts within a previously unexplored material family.
The São Paulo School of Advanced Science on Nonlinear and Quantum Photonics will bring together leading global specialists in nanophotonics, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics. The event will provide two weeks of intensive learning on key topics including quantum optics and information.
Researchers discovered that mosquitoes can learn to associate the smell of DEET with food, making them more likely to bite people who smell of DEET. The study found that when exposed to DEET repeatedly, mosquitoes became desensitized to its repellent properties and began to view it as a potential meal source.
A new study found that certain snake species, like pygmy rattlesnakes, are at risk for serious illness and death due to multiple pathogens. Snakes can carry pathogens without showing symptoms, but co-infections increase disease prevalence.
Researchers find popular sodium-ion battery matches performance parameters and production quality of Tesla's lithium-ion batteries. Tweaking the Hina battery to charge more effectively at low temperatures could provide a cost-effective alternative for future electric vehicle batteries.
Researchers develop SiC-based absorbers via dual rare-earth synergistic engineering, achieving remarkable reflection loss values and excellent impedance matching characteristics. The material exhibits distinct polarization loss peaks in low, medium, and high frequency bands.
Diagnostic interviews, long considered the 'gold standard' for identifying mental health conditions, may not be as consistent as previously thought. The meta-analysis found that standardized interviews are only moderately consistent when assessed repeatedly by the same person.
In a cross-sectional study of ambulatory visits, digital after visit summary engagement was found to increase but remained low, especially among unmarried males, non-English-speaking populations, and publicly insured populations. This inefficiency highlights the need to reevaluate postvisit communication in these groups.
Researchers suggest targeting upstream metabolic nodes to regulate mTORC1 signaling and autophagy defects in neurodegenerative diseases. Acetyl-CoA production modulation and p300 acetylation activity regulation may also hold therapeutic promise.
A recent study of over 1,800 infants in Sweden found that most young children have sufficient vitamin D levels, but intake was too low for some. The research also explored the climate impact of foods providing vitamin D, concluding that plant-based alternatives are a climate-friendly source.
Biocomputing harnesses human brain cells to perform computational functions, with applications in energy-efficient computing, drug discovery, and neuromorphic engineering. Early developments in biocomputing hold promise for biomedical research, despite ongoing bioethical concerns.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have identified Sirtuin 1 as a key driver of neuroendocrine prostate cancer, an aggressive form of the disease. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Sirtuin 1 prevents tumor growth in mice and lays the groundwork for future clinical studies aimed at developing new treatments.
Researchers discovered a new cave cricket species, Dolichopoda balrogi, thriving in man-made tunnels on the Greek island of Kastellorizo. The species, found exclusively in a tunnel system, highlights the importance of exploring artificial underground environments for unique endemic species.
A new study found that chronic oral inflammation can impair female fertility by triggering a systemic immune response that affects the ovaries. This leads to oxidative damage, reduced egg quality, disrupted follicle development, and reduced live birth rates.
Researchers at Kyushu University used 3D computer simulations to understand the physics behind hub-and-spoke patterns in star-forming regions. The study shows that oblique shocks create invisible channels guiding compressed gas into central filaments, forming the radial shape of baby stars' cradles.
A new Drexel University study finds that most users see AI chatbots as supplements to human therapy, not substitutes. Users express concerns about emotional dependence, misinformation, and overreliance on the technology.
Researchers at PolyU have pioneered a method to store digital data using engineered proteins, achieving high storage efficiency and capacity. They overcame challenges of variable amino acid sequences and degraded proteins by designing a protein template, successfully expressing and retrieving data.
A study published in the International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction found that preschoolers attribute preferences in response to human gaze but struggle with robotic gaze. The research highlights the importance of designing richer interactions for children, beyond just imitating human signals.
Researchers developed a novel one-step sintering method to overcome challenges in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 lead-free piezoceramics. The new approach simplified the fabrication process, dramatically improving reproducibility and performance. The resulting ceramics exhibit exceptional electromechanical properties.
A new fossil discovery fills gaps in fossil history, revealing diverse and complex ecosystems during the late Cambrian period. The discovery of Magnicornaspis garwoodi, a 500-million-old anthropod, joins a growing list of Furongian sites that challenge the notion of a barren world.
Perfectionism has increased among American college students over the past 35 years, with rising rates tied to economic factors such as growing inequality. Higher levels of perfectionism are associated with depression and anxiety, regardless of time period, suggesting a public health risk that needs to be addressed.
A new commentary reveals that most of Africa's biodiversity persists outside formal protected areas, challenging the reliance on fenced reserves and policies like the 30×30 target. Working landscapes, shaped by centuries of human-nature coexistence, often retain higher ecological connectivity and resilience to climate change.
Researchers aim to build a cohort of 2,000 AYA cancer survivors in NYC to study the short- and long-term effects of newer cancer treatments. The study will focus on challenges such as fertility and sexual health concerns, as well as financial stress.
Researchers at Washington State University have identified a key cluster of genes that can be transferred from rhizobia bacteria, allowing non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria to colonize host plants and harvest nitrogen. This breakthrough has the potential to reduce fertilizer use and improve crop yields.
Researchers developed an AI-based score from standard ECGs that reflect biological development on a spectrum rather than in fixed categories. The Electrocardiographic Sex Index (ESI) captures step-by-step changes of normal growth and hormonal changes, offering a more precise way to account for developmental stage.
A new PLOS report proposes a 'knowledge stack' publishing model to better support open science. This model connects articles with associated outputs like data, code, and methods to create a structured, open record of research. The report highlights the need for coordinated action beyond publishing to address challenges in existing models.
A recent study from UT San Antonio reveals that low-cost on-the-job training for frontline health workers can significantly reduce medical supply shortages, resulting in a 30% reduction in stock-outs. This training has the potential to save thousands of lives globally by preventing unintended pregnancies and maternal and newborn deaths.
Scientists studied four subspecies of British Wrens, each found on a specific island in Scotland, to understand the evolutionary paths leading to 'island syndromes'. The study found that two subspecies, those from Shetland and St Kilda, evolved spectacular gigantism.
A study reveals that the Arctic Ocean's chemical makeup is disrupting its food chain due to a sharp decline in nitrate levels, vital for plankton growth. The nutrient's removal limits life support for the ecosystem, with far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems and carbon storage.
New research reveals that cells slow down heat dissipation due to unique biomolecules, changing our understanding of heat conduction. This phenomenon could affect treatments for conditions linked to body temperature changes.
Astronomers have developed a novel method to estimate the masses of newborn planets using the properties of dust rings around stars. By analyzing the width, brightness peak location, and dust content of these ring structures, researchers can reconstruct planet masses even when those planets are too faint or embedded to observe directly.
A new study reveals that the Antarctic ice sheet responded sharply to climate change following a major shift in Earth's ice age cycles. The simulation found that below a critical atmospheric CO2 level, the amplitude of Antarctic ice variations increases in response to changes in temperatures.