Brightsurf delivers daily science news discoveries, articles, and the latest scientific breakthroughs. Your trusted source for science news today, covering nature news, science & technology, and scientific discoveries from leading research institutions worldwide.
A new hydrogel treatment, MXene-based composite hydrogel, disrupts bacterial biofilms in periodontitis, while reprogramming immune cells to reverse bone resorption. The treatment uses a dual mechanism of biofilm disruption and immunometabolic reprogramming to break the cycle of infection-inflammation-bone resorption.
Researchers developed an adipose-targeted microneedle patch co-delivering semaglutide and rosiglitazone, which achieves potent weight reduction and relieves glucolipid metabolic disorders. The patch works by alleviating inflammation and creating supportive conditions for fat browning, offering a sustainable clinical obesity intervention.
Combinatorial optimization is increasingly aided by large language models, which help with modeling, heuristic design, and end-to-end solving. The models assist in reducing expert burden and improving adaptability in complex settings.
Researchers developed dynamic electrostatic cladding-spun core-shell photothermal yarns that combine high mechanical strength with excellent photothermal performance. The yarns achieve stable photothermal temperatures and evaporation rates, demonstrating long-term operational stability. When integrated with thermoelectric modules, they...
Researchers developed a novel mosaic nanoparticle vaccine platform to overcome the mucus barrier challenge, inducing broad neutralizing effects against diverse coronaviruses. The approach breaks through respiratory physiological barriers to establish robust frontline defenses.
A research team developed a method to modify a promising photocatalytic material using flash joule heating, resulting in a 10-fold enhancement in CO evolution under simulated solar irradiation. The work establishes a universal, scalable methodology for designing high-performance photocatalysts for diverse energy conversion applications.
A researcher at Carilion Clinic has received a $623,000 NIH award to investigate the use of psilocybin to treat cocaine addiction. The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of psilocybin in combination with psychotherapy for patients with cocaine use disorder.
High-entropy ceramics (HECs) exhibit superior wear resistance and adaptive lubrication compared to conventional ceramics due to synergistic effects of lattice distortion and sluggish diffusion. However, the field faces three major bottlenecks: standardized test protocols, mechanisms of high-entropy effect, and high synthesis cost.
Researchers have developed a new method to determine the high-resolution structure of 7TM proteins in a lipid bilayer using ultrafast magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. This technique allows for detailed structural information while preserving the native-like membrane protein structure, overcoming limitations associated with proton–proton...
Mantle cell lymphoma treatment may be improved by considering a patient's biology and risk level, rather than age alone. High-risk patients can be identified at diagnosis and treated with targeted therapies, while low-risk patients may receive less intensive treatment.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg identified a link between specific gut bacteria activities and primary sclerosing cholangitis, a rare chronic liver disease. Elevated levels of the metabolite ImP, formed by gut bacteria breakdown, can predict poorer survival outcomes and induce liver inflammation in PSC patients.
A new study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology suggests that gene activity in the nervous system is linked to rescue behavior in ants. The researchers found that ants that showed rescue behavior had 15 genes more active in their mushroom bodies, which are involved in learning and behavioral control.
A team of scientists engineered lattice and defects of nanosized metal halide perovskites using nickel doping to improve X-ray imaging performance. The modified perovskites exhibited exceptional light yield and imaging resolution, with a spatial resolution of 16.6 lp mm−1.
This study proposes BioPINN-LM, a hybrid framework for rapid wall-stress prediction and conversational risk interpretation in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms. The framework outperforms baseline models and achieves high accuracy in wall-stress prediction and conversational decision support.
Researchers developed a 3D micro-bladder model to test phage therapy on UTI bacteria. The treatment successfully wiped out bacteria in hidden reservoirs, reducing the risk of recurrent infections. The study suggests a two-pronged approach combining phages and antibiotics may be more effective.
Researchers have discovered the underlying mechanism of Atg2-mediated lipid transfer in autophagy, revealing two distinct mechanisms that enable proper growth of the autophagosomal membrane. The phosphorylation of a specific region of Atg2, mediated by Atg1, enables its binding to the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent lipid transfer.
Scientists from Tokyo University of Science developed a new strategy to create glassy plastics that are both stiff and tough. They achieved this by using a combination of a comb-shaped architecture and bulky counterions, resulting in materials that are approximately four times tougher and twice as stiff as conventional glassy polymers.
A team of researchers has shed light on the mechanism of outer membrane protein assembly in bacteria, revealing key conformational changes made by a chaperone protein. The study's findings may help identify new targets for antibacterial agents and improve our understanding of Gram-negative bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.
A research team at Osaka Metropolitan University mapped molecular gas throughout Stephan's Quintet, a nearby group of interacting galaxies. They found that regions with turbulent gas formed stars less efficiently, even with abundant gas present. Turbulence prevents gas from settling and collapsing, creating fewer opportunities for star...
The study found that prescriptions for GLP-1 weight-loss medications increased 310-fold among young children with obesity, from 0.03% in 2019 to 9.3% in 2026. Younger children with severe obesity and girls were more likely to receive the medications, highlighting the need for better access and monitoring.
Researchers measured how skin pigmentation affects laser energy required to cause visible skin injury, finding that darker skin requires less energy to reach injury threshold. The study provides quantitative evidence to help improve future laser safety guidelines and support safer optics-based technologies.
A study analyzing 224 flood-related deaths in Germany and Belgium reveals that many occurred outside officially mapped flood hazard zones, with older people and those with mobility impairments disproportionately affected. The researchers call for improved risk management and hazard mapping to better protect vulnerable groups.
Researchers created a predictive model called enzyme-gated network expansion to understand the earliest stages of enzyme evolution. The model predicts that α/β folds were predominant in early enzymes, driving metabolic reactions.
Researchers developed a flexible electrochemical sensor to map nanoplastic-induced oxidative stress in human cortical organoids, enabling real-time monitoring of hydrogen peroxide levels. The study showed that nanoplastics penetrate brain-like tissues and induce oxidative stress, with the signal largely confined to the penetration region.
Researchers have developed a method to print three-dimensional structures in ice using evaporative cooling, which also regulates body temperature. The technique allows for printing arbitrary profiles without additional support, with applications in biology and microfluidics.
Researchers engineered branched semiconductor nanowires to separate charge transport from light generation, demonstrating a new LED architecture that enhances light extraction efficiency. The indirect-bandgap design suppresses light emission from the core while enhancing emission from the branches.
Researchers have developed a bifunctional electrode combining high energy storage capacity with sensing sensitivity, achieved through a phosphorene/bismuthene heterojunction. The device exhibits excellent freeze tolerance, ultra-long cycle life, and mechanical flexibility, making it a promising component for wearable electronic systems.
A closed-loop recycling system for spent cathode materials has been proposed, utilizing artificial intelligence to reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The system uses precision recycling, enabling adaptive, data-informed decision-making throughout the battery life cycle.
A novel BP/Nb2SiTe4 heterostructure photodetector has been developed with exceptional polarization selectivity, self-driven functionality, and ultrabroadband response. The device outperforms traditional polarization detectors in spectral range, dichroic ratio, and spatial resolution.
mRNA-LNPs are shifting the paradigm of drug delivery, enabling vaccines, personalized cancer vaccines, and in vivo gene editing. CAR-engineered cells can be directly generated in vivo, offering a streamlined alternative to ex vivo CAR-T manufacturing.
A new study found that urban rivers in Beijing harbor the highest burden of antibiotic resistance genes, while receiving waters show stronger mobilization signals, indicating a high risk of resistance exchange. The study highlights the need for risk-oriented water management in megacities.
Engineered microbe-based micro/nanorobots can revolutionize clinical intervention for luminal cancers by navigating and adapting to hostile luminal cavities. The review categorizes this living robotic paradigm into four synergistic capabilities, including active navigation, environmental sensing, and continuous biosynthesis.
A new review in Medicine Plus traces the development of deep brain stimulation, mapping mechanisms and clinical targets across 16 disorders. It highlights future personalized strategies and calls for validated biomarkers and standardized reporting.
Researchers discovered that major earthquakes can rapidly alter coastline evolution, with Kaikōura's erosion rates more than doubling after the 2016 earthquake. This study provides a rare example of how tectonic events reshape rock coasts, relevant to tectonically active coasts worldwide.
A community-adapted brain health program in Kikuyo Town, Japan, has achieved significant improvements in attention scores and dietary balance among older adults. The 24-week program, combining aerobic exercise, cognitive exercises, and lifestyle guidance, resulted in high attendance rates and positive feedback.
Researchers discovered hidden repeating patterns in seemingly disordered nanostructures, allowing for faster and more accurate analysis and design of metasurfaces. This breakthrough enables the development of next-generation optical devices, including AR and VR components and high-performance metalenses.
Researchers propose a mandatory measurement and reporting component for the UN's plastics treaty to track plastic production, use, disposal, and pollution. The system would standardize labeling, measurement practices, and repository establishment, enabling countries to report detailed data on plastics from cradle to grave.
A scoping review of 32 studies found cancer patients are generally favourable towards Generative AI, but most studies focused on simplifying clinical reports, leaving potential uses unexplored. The review highlights the need for patients' perspectives in designing and implementing Generative AI for cancer care.
A phase 3 trial shows infigratinib treatment significantly improves growth in children with achondroplasia, a skeletal condition causing disproportionate short stature. The oral treatment option is particularly suitable for early intervention in infants, who are most likely to benefit from pharmacologic treatment.
KAIST researchers develop SafeQL, a technology that identifies and selectively corrects errors in AI-generated SQL queries, reducing the need to regenerate entire queries. The technology improves data retrieval accuracy and speed, accelerating the adoption of AI work assistants in enterprise environments.