The Drosophila genome sequence has been completed, providing valuable insights into human diseases and animal development. The sequence data reveals homologues for 60% of known genetic flaws causing disease in humans and 70% of genes involved in human cancers.
Scientists analyzed chromosome 22 structure and found unstable areas with repetitive sequences where genes are prone to rearrangements. These low-copy repeats may cause the loss of important genes in chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome, a common genetic disorder affecting hundreds of patients.
HHMI researchers found that yeast prions can transmit phenotypes through protein-protein interactions, hinting at the presence of undiscovered protein-based 'genetic elements'. This discovery offers a powerful new technique for exploring cells' machinery by selectively turning off specific proteins.
Researchers at Yale have discovered new insights into the development of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a life-threatening genetic disorder affecting millions. The study reveals crucial information about the PKD2 gene's role in normal development and its impact when mutated.
Scientists discovered a PAX9 gene mutation causing congenitally absent molars in a Houston family, revealing insights into the genetics of human tooth development. The study, published in Nature Genetics, used molecular epidemiology and DNA analysis to identify the responsible gene, which is activated early in tooth development.
Researchers have defined and sequenced the centromeres of five chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a flowering plant that has become the primary model for plant genetics. The findings represent the first time scientists have identified the genetic boundaries of centromeres in a multi-cellular organism.
A team led by David Page has discovered the first mutation on the Y chromosome linked to male infertility. The finding may lead to the development of treatments and male contraceptives.
A team of researchers has identified a genetic link on mouse Chromosome 19 that controls inherited susceptibility to testicular cancer. The discovery uses a new genetic technique called chromosome substitution, which may lead to improved understanding and treatment options for the disease.
A genetically-engineered mouse model helps researchers better understand how folic acid protects against neural tube defects and cleft lip/palate by explaining the transport of folic acid within cells. The study may also shed light on why Hispanic women don't seem to benefit from taking folic acid supplements.
Vanderbilt's Program in Human Genetics will play a key role in identifying genes involved in common diseases, with initial focus on depression and sepsis. The program will utilize cutting-edge technology to analyze DNA samples and develop targeted treatments.
The first ever-established complete clone-based physical map of a plant genome is published for Arabidopsis thaliana. The map covers the entire nuclear genome and is assembled entirely on the basis of BAC clones, offering strongly increased resolution.
Researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington have mapped a gene associated with prostate cancer that runs in families, also linked to primary brain cancer. The study results appear in the American Journal of Human Genetics.
The James S. McDonnell Centennial Fellowships recognize scientists and scholars whose work will significantly contribute to knowledge development and its application. The winners, selected from five categories, will receive $1 million fellowships to support their research.
A recent study examining 19,842 white male twins found that genetic factors do not play a significant role in causing the most common form of Parkinson's disease. Instead, undetermined environmental factors are believed to trigger typical PD, particularly among those diagnosed after age 50.
Researchers have cloned a gene that causes zebrafish to develop a disease similar to congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) in humans. The sauternes mutation reveals a new mechanism behind the disease, potentially illuminating relevance for studying CSA in fish.
The American Society of Human Genetics workshop presents an overview of early childhood cardiac disorders and their impact on quality of life in adulthood. Panelists discuss recognizing asymptomatic cardiac conditions and understanding the role of environmental factors in cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have designed a new genetic weapon called ribozymes to treat inherited human blindness by slowing the progression of retinitis pigmentosa. The treatment targets the autosomal-dominant form of the disease and has shown significant protection of eye cells in lab rats.
A study published in the British Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that children with severe allergies are more likely to experience behavior problems such as aggression, depression, and irritability. Genetics accounts for over 70% of the relationship between allergies and behaviors like depression and aggression.
Researchers have identified the gene responsible for Lafora disease, a severe form of epilepsy characterized by seizures and progressive neurological degeneration. The discovery opens up new areas of research into both epilepsy and normal brain function, with potential applications in genetic diagnostics and treatments.
Genetics professor John Avise's book, The Genetic Gods, examines how genetic discoveries are shaping our understanding of human life, including spirituality. The book argues that genes have a significant influence on human affairs, challenging traditional views of the supernatural.
The website provides a comprehensive educational program on genetics, genetic testing, diagnosis, counseling, and cancer risk assessment. It features three levels of education for different audiences and includes case scenarios, problem sets, and moderated discussion groups.
Researchers have discovered a new gene mutation associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, which interacts with other Alzheimer's genes and proteins. The A2M protein plays a crucial role in breaking down toxic amyloid plaques, suggesting a potential target for drug development to prevent or treat the disease.
A study published in Nature Genetics found that mice deficient in a stress hormone receptor exhibit reduced anxiety and improved stress response. The research suggests that new drugs suppressing the receptor's function may be effective in treating depression and anxiety.
Researchers demonstrate intratumoral delivery of the E1A gene, downregulating HER-2/neu expression and tumor responses. The study shows promise for using E1A gene therapy to treat a broad range of cancers.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a critical gene involved in yeast spore development that may also play a role in human sperm development. The study found that a gene called NDT80 stimulates the synthesis of proteins necessary for DNA division, and its malfunction can cause permanent arrest in sperm development.
Dr. Hultgren's work on pilus genetics, biosynthesis and structure has contributed significantly to understanding bacterial adhesions critical to pathogenesis. His research applications have led to recognition nationally and internationally.
Researchers successfully delivered and expressed an E1A gene in both diseased and normal human cells using a proprietary non-viral liposomal delivery mechanism. The study showed decreased levels of surrogate tumor markers in three patients with breast and ovarian cancers, indicating potential as a treatment for various types of cancer.
The article discusses psychiatric genetics research funded by Nazi Germany, raising concerns about the separation of science from the scientist. Dr. Miron Baron examines the history of this research and its implications for contemporary investigators.
A genetic map of dogs was constructed using 150 microsatellite markers, revealing the organization of genes and traits on the canine genome. The study has significant implications for understanding human diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, and bleeding disorders.
Researchers at Penn State will investigate individual variation in health among African American twin pairs aged 65, exploring the role of genetics and environment. The five-year study aims to gain insight into aging in this population, which has experienced different environmental influences than other groups.
A University of Illinois geneticist criticizes the misuse of genetics in society, citing the controversial book 'The Bell Curve' as an example. Jerry Hirsch argues that the field has been misunderstood and mishandled, leading to flawed conclusions about intelligence and racism.
Researchers at UC Irvine have identified a gene associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness. The gene encodes a potassium ion channel protein that controls electrical activity in nerves, and its altered function may contribute to brain behavior changes.
Researchers have successfully cloned a key gene responsible for pea stem growth, which codes for an enzyme that converts gibberellic acid into the compound promoting stem elongation. This discovery sheds light on why some plants are tall and others short, illustrating fundamental principles of genetics.
deCODE Genetics has identified the location of a gene, FET1, responsible for familial essential tremor on human chromosome 3. This discovery brings new hope for understanding and treatment of the disease, which affects an estimated 5-10 percent of the elderly population.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University have created artificial human chromosomes, offering a powerful tool for studying human genetics and potentially treating genetic diseases. The synthetic microchromosomes demonstrate normal centromeric activity, genetic stability, and continued gene expression.
The 1996-1997 Human Genome Lecture Series featured nine speakers who discussed various aspects of the human genome, including genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and genetic research in specific populations. The series aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the human genome and its implications for genetics research.
Scientists have isolated and cloned the gene responsible for Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare disorder causing severe bone marrow failure, birth defects, and leukemia. The discovery enables the development of a quick diagnostic test for 65% of FA patients and may lead to better treatments, including gene therapy.
A CU-Boulder research team has identified two yeast genes, SAS2 and SAS3, closely linked to a family of human genes associated with severe leukemia and HIV-1. The discovery may help researchers better understand the causes of acute myeloid leukemia and AIDS.
The joint venture aims to improve the ability to diagnose, control, and cure cancers by identifying gene defects and relating them to treatment responses. Memorial Sloan-Kettering's retrospective database and Sequana's gene discovery platform will be combined to achieve this goal.
A team of researchers has identified a gene responsible for hair growth, tooth development, and sweat gland function. The gene, located on the X chromosome, is associated with a rare genetic disorder called anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED), which affects approximately 125,000 Americans.