Researchers found diverse surface materials, including hydrated minerals, which suggest water was common on Mars. The study suggests areas like Syrtis Major, Valles Marineris, and Terra Meridiani are strong candidates for future Mars missions.
Researchers from Brown University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have discovered detailed atomic arrangements in Laves phases, a class of intermetallics that shatter easily. The study reveals the accepted dislocation model does not apply to these complex materials, shedding light on their brittleness.
Researchers discovered that melanopsin, a protein in the eyes, absorbs light and triggers a biochemical cascade to signal the brain about brightness. This allows ipRGCs to synchronize the body's daily rhythms with the sun's rising and setting, controlling alertness, sleep, hormone production, and organ function.
A new study by Brown University researchers has discovered a chemical modification that activates the STAT3 protein, which is important for embryonic growth and development. This continuous activation causes breast and prostate cells to develop and move through the body, leading to cancer. The research team found that acetylation, anot...
A study by Rachel Herz at Brown University found that responses to new odors depend on emotions experienced while the odor was present. Participants who played a game and watched a film clip rated the new scent as enjoyable and familiar, whereas those who played a frustrating game rated it as unpleasant.
Experts recommend improving government reimbursement rates, increasing staffing levels, and providing better training for nursing home staff. Family members share stories of inadequate care, including unneeded tests and treatments, but also praise compassionate gestures from attentive aides.
Researchers found a gene that produces peroxide to 'stitch' together proteins surrounding the egg, hardening it into a protective barrier. This process helps prevent polyspermy and protects fertilized eggs from damage.
Researchers at Brown Medical School and Quality Partners tested a rapid-cycle quality improvement model to address persistent pain in nursing home residents. The study showed a significant reduction in pain, with 44% of homes using appropriate pain assessments and 82% using non-drug pain treatments.
Researchers have found that certain antipsychotic drugs can prevent brain cells from becoming infected with the JC virus, which causes PML. The discovery opens up new avenues for therapy and may lead to effective treatments or prevention methods.
Researchers found that species diversity in local areas is directly proportional to species diversity in the region, highlighting the importance of regional forces in shaping biodiversity. Latitude also plays a significant role in local species richness, with diverse regions supporting more species.
A new model reveals that calcium control regulates synaptic plasticity, allowing rapid changes and stabilizing synapses without growing indefinitely. This breakthrough sheds light on the fundamental basis of memory, learning, and brain development.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that recycling endosomes store and transport AMPA receptors, which are essential for memory formation. The study provides new targets for treatments for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and mental retardation.
A team led by Brown ecologist will study how Arabidopsis integrates environmental signals to flower at favorable times. The research aims to improve food production, understand climate change's impact on crops and wild plants, and shed light on genetic variation.
A novel experiment revealed that experts in fine visual distinctions can process faces and other objects using the same neural networks, contradicting previous theories. This discovery has implications for our understanding of autism, national security, and expert recognition abilities.
A recent study by Scott W. Allard found that the welfare-to-work system is struggling to meet the needs of growing areas of poverty, which are increasingly geographically dispersed. The mismatch between service providers and populations in need may worsen under work-first welfare policies.
A study found that in the post-9/11 era, voters tend to favor male candidates over women, perceiving them as more competent on issues like military crises and foreign policy. This shift is attributed to the war atmosphere and its impact on voter perceptions.
Brown University scientists discover a malaria drug that precisely blocks specific connexins in the brain and eye, which may help shed light on the cause of epilepsy and seizures. The breakthrough could also lead to new treatments for other neurological conditions.
Researchers at Brown Medical School have discovered two key enzymes, PC1 and PC2, that play a crucial role in processing the precursor of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and regulating calorie-burning. This finding will aid in the understanding and treatment of obesity, which affects nearly 68 million adults in the United States.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that leptin triggers production of áMSH, a powerful peptide signal that boosts metabolism. This discovery could lead to the development of obesity treatments that increase energy production and promote weight loss.
Researchers found that black test-takers who retook the GED exam had a significant increase in pass rate, from 52% to 73%, while white test-takers saw a pass rate increase of 78% to 90%. The study suggests that allowing students to retake high-stakes exit exams can have a positive impact on low-skilled test-takers.
A study by Brown University researchers found high prevalence of life-threatening and contagious infections among incoming inmates. Nearly 20% tested positive for hepatitis B, highlighting the need for vaccination to prevent transmission upon release into the community.
A study published in Nature reveals that insulin regulates tissue aging and extends the lifespan of genetically modified flies. By blocking insulin's action in specific cells, the entire body stays healthier longer, staving off age-related diseases.
Researchers found bullfrog calls with stutters have a communication function and don't indicate fatigue. The frogs use stutters to extend call length while reducing air exchange, attracting mates during breeding season.
Scientists at Brown University have identified two molecular mechanisms that trigger senescence in aging cells. The discovery of p16, a protein that operates independently from telomeres, provides new insights into the regulation of cell division and holds promise for the development of therapeutics to manipulate these targets.
Researchers tested two scents, peppermint and pyridine, on six participants in their early 20s during different stages of sleep. No one responded to peppermint during sleep, while responses to pyridine were infrequent and non-wake-inducing. In contrast, sound consistently woke participants regardless of the sleep stage.
Research found that couples who don't follow traditional labor division are less likely to have another child. Modern families with women performing less than 54% of housework have an 81% chance of having a second child within five years.
The Cancer Screening Project for Women found that unmarried women are less likely to obtain regular cancer screenings due to assumptions about their relationships. The study's findings suggest that a trusting relationship with at least one provider who knows about the woman's life and sexual history is crucial for her health care.
Research by Brown University's Jennifer L. Lawless and Richard L. Fox found that women are less likely to run for office due to low self-perceived qualifications and lack of encouragement. Despite equal performance in campaign fundraising and vote totals, women remain underrepresented in U.S. political institutions.
A study of over 12,600 Florida high school dropouts found that those who scored higher on the GED math test had better earnings in low-level jobs. The research suggests that literacy and math skills have a direct impact on earning potential, even for individuals who do not complete secondary school.
A large US multistate study found that end-of-life care is often woefully inadequate, with many patients receiving insufficient pain medication, emotional support, and respectful treatment. The study recommends expanding access to hospice care, growing palliative medicine training, and improving nursing home end-of-life care.
Researchers observed that snails scrape and fertilize grass tissue, stimulating fungal growth. The result is an infestation of fungi, slowing marsh grass growth. This study establishes the mechanism behind snail-mediated fungus farming in marine environments.
A study published in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management found that welfare recipients with mental health problems and substance use issues face barriers to employment. Greater proximity to service providers increased the likelihood of receiving services, particularly for those without access to automobile transportation.
Researchers found a physical interaction between herpes virus and amyloid precursor protein (APP), suggesting a potential clue to Alzheimer's disease. The discovery may lead to further investigations into the role of the virus in the disease.
Research by Brown University's Anna Aizer found that 32% of children aged 10-14 engaged in delinquent behaviors, but supervision after school reduced this risk by at least 23%. The study also showed that male and older children were more likely to engage in these behaviors.
A recent census study found that white families are less likely to live in extended family households than black families, which has shifted over time. This shift started in the late 1960s and was more pronounced among whites, with a significant decline in intergenerational living compared to blacks.
A study published by Brown University researchers found that nicotine exposure in the womb can lead to behavioral changes in babies, including jitteriness and stiffness. The study suggests that public health officials consider interventions to promote healthy newborns for smoking mothers.
A new scanning microscope developed at Brown University can uncover defects in the smallest and most complex integrated circuits. The device visualizes electrical current flow within wires, even those buried under advanced materials, allowing for non-invasive detection of faults.
A study found that pediatricians prescribe medication for pediatric insomnia more frequently than previously thought. The likelihood of prescribing medication is higher in children with ADHD and special needs. Behavioral therapy or failed treatments are often combined with sleep medications.
A study of pediatric residents found that sleep deprivation significantly impair their ability to drive safely, with difficulty maintaining lane position and speed. Researchers suggest implementing strategies like planned naps and taxi services to mitigate the effects of fatigue on resident safety.
A study by Brown University found that medical residents feel unprepared to break bad news to kids and parents due to inadequate training. The residents ranked their comfort levels in sharing bad news with pediatric patients as lower than with adult patients.
A study by Brown University researchers found that economic incentives and conservation policies contributed to an increase in forest cover in rural India. The growing demand for forest products was met by planting new trees rather than exploiting existing forests.
Researchers found that senators' efforts to boost approval ratings have limited impact compared to contextual factors like state population, economic performance, and president's popularity. Seniority and media coverage also play significant roles in shaping senatorial approval ratings.
A study at Brown University found that novel odors can compromise participants' persistence in word tests due to induced frustration. In contrast, neutral odors had no effect on performance. The research suggests a potential link between emotions and scent-based behavior.
A study published in JAMA found that an internet-based weight loss program was effective among adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, with participants who received email counseling losing more weight and showing greater increases in exercise. The program provided a tutorial, weekly tips, and access to resources, as well as personalized s...
A new study documents domestic violence by race and income in Rhode Island, finding that black women are overrepresented among victims reported to police. The researchers suggest that socioeconomic factors and racial positioning contribute to this disparity, emphasizing the need for comprehensive support systems.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new microfluidic fuel cell that can generate electricity under pulsating conditions, mimicking the flow of blood. This design could help power medical implants and eliminate the need for frequent glucose level monitoring in diabetics.
A research team found a fly mutation that causes early cell death and neural degeneration in the brain, similar to human neurodegenerative diseases. The mutation is associated with protein aggregates found in human Alzheimer's patients.
Historian Omer Bartov argues that scholars have often supported mass crimes and inhumanity, prioritizing political loyalty over morality. He cites examples of academic silence on Nazi policies, the Holocaust, and genocides in Rwanda and Cambodia.
The U.S. Cochrane Center at Brown University will facilitate the merger of three regional centers into a single center, expanding healthcare information and education. The new structure aims to provide high-quality information to consumers, doctors, and policy-makers worldwide.
A new theory proposes that evolutionary pressures drove human traits beneficial to economic growth, such as valuing high-quality offspring. The transition from hunter-gatherer tribes to nuclear families with intergenerational links accelerated this process.