Researchers have developed photonic synapses using large-area, uniform multilayer MoS2 films that integrate sensing-memory-preprocessing capabilities. These devices exhibit ultralow power consumption of about 40 aJ and can simulate short-term synaptic plasticity, long-term synaptic plasticity, and other synaptic properties.
Researchers showcase nonlinear control of structured light, enabling novel applications in imaging, microscopy and quantum communications. New forms of structured light can be produced using nonlinear optics, offering unparalleled efficiency.
Researchers from Huazhong University of Science and Technology developed a miniaturized microfiber ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic imaging, improving sensitivity by one order of magnitude. The sensor achieves low noise equivalent pressure and broad response bandwidth, enabling high-resolution imaging with large depth capabilities.
The CVIA journal has published its third issue of Volume 6, bringing together important research from China and the US. The issue includes papers on common statistical methods in medical research, as well as case summaries and studies on various cardiovascular topics.
Researchers discovered and characterized licochalcone C and isobavachalcone as potent inhibitors of bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), with potential applications in modulating bile acid metabolism. The study revealed that these compounds reversibly inhibit BSHs via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
The article reviews the biosafety of different delivery systems for nucleic acid drugs, highlighting the importance of carrier selection and drug administration method. It also highlights the benefits of carrier-free delivery systems in reducing adverse effects.
Scientists develop new method to visualize and characterize topological edge states in photonic crystals beyond the optical diffraction limit. The research enables enhanced quantum efficiency or inhibited quantum emission by controlling radiation characteristics of these states.
Researchers have developed graphene-empowered dynamic metasurfaces and metadevices that can actively tune their electromagnetic wave manipulation capabilities. The devices exploit the unique properties of graphene to manipulate visible, terahertz, and microwave frequencies.
Researchers discovered a novel way to control the optical properties of silicon nanoantennas using vectorial light fields. The technique enables high-contrast reconfigurable optical scattering by switching structured polarization beams.
The CRISPR/Cas system is being utilized for the treatment and diagnosis of infectious diseases using biosafety materials, highlighting its design principle and efficacy. Advanced biosafety materials are used to detect viral nucleic acids and inhibit viral replication.
Biosafety materials have emerged to address global concerns about COVID-19, with unique strategies for preventing infections by pathogenic microorganisms. Researchers have developed novel protocols for rapid detection and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms.
Recent advances in femtosecond laser direct writing of fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers enable the development of shape sensors, fiber Raman lasers and high-power fiber lasers with improved spectral features. The technology also allows for complex optical integral elements and biosensors to be fabricated.
Current drug optimization prioritizes potency/specificity over tissue exposure/selectivity, leading to clinical failures. A new approach, STAR, classifies drugs based on potency/selectivity, tissue exposure/selectivity, and required dose to achieve clinical efficacy/toxicity balance.
Researchers investigated the structure‒tissue exposure/selectivity relationship (STR) in correlation with observed clinical efficacy/toxicity using seven selective estrogen receptor modulators. The results showed that tissue exposure/selectivity of SERMs was correlated with clinical efficacy/safety, while plasma exposure was not.
RPA is a rapidly emerging technology for the rapid, sensitive, and economical detection of zoonotic pathogens. Its minimal sample preparation requirements and constant low-temperature performance make it suitable for field settings.
Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the field of metaphotonics. The integration of ML with photonics enables the creation of intelligent systems that can adapt to changing environmental conditions. Self-adapting systems, such as cloaks that adjust themselves to changes in freque...
The BioMFOS has small dimensions and lightweight, suitable for wearable application and clothing integration with ultra-high sensitivity and resolution. It can detect forces in the μN range and locations with sub-millimeter spatial resolution.
This issue of Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B presents several studies on drug-induced liver injury, including the role of p62/SQSTM1 in acetaminophen-induced liver injury and the importance of gut barrier function in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity. The journal also explores mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated...
Researchers designed a nanocleaner that specifically targets the blood-brain barrier at lesions to clean toxic proteins like A± and regulate inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The nanocleaner, containing rapamycin and KLVFF peptide, accelerates ± degradation and alleviates oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response.
This special issue explores research integrity in forensic science, discussing the importance of acknowledging cognitive bias, responsible authorship, and exemplary training. Key findings include the need for thoughtful consideration of relevance to advance forensic science, as well as challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
A new issue of the CVIA journal has been published, featuring research on the clinical significance of angiographically detectable neovascularity in patients with cardiac myxoma. Studies found that ADN was present in 42.4% of patients and was associated with higher levels of eosinophils and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Researchers developed a method to enhance the conductivity of metal nanowire electrodes by using plasmon-enhanced laser nanosoldering. The technique involves irradiating silver nanoparticles with a high-intensity laser, creating hot spots that increase the contact area between particles and improve conductivity.
Researchers designed a nanobridged rhombic antenna supporting both dipolar and high-order plasmonic modes, enabling multiband detection with high sensitivity to molecules. Spatially superimposed hotspots boost local fields for both bands, enabling new strategies for multiband MIRAs.
A new strategy for ultrafast and energy-efficient all-optical computing is proposed based on convolutional neural networks. The approach uses cascaded silicon waveguides to control light amplitude and phase, achieving ultrafast computing times of several picoseconds with low energy consumption.
Researchers discuss recent progress in optical dynamic meta-holography, a technology for 3D display scenes. Metasurfaces enable more powerful light modulation capabilities, offering advantages such as higher spatial resolution and elimination of diffraction orders.
The study optimizes EIDD-2801 synthesis in a decagram scale with an overall yield of 58% using a four-step process. Machine learning is used to evaluate the relationship between yield and reaction conditions, revealing reagents as the most impactful factor.
Researchers propose a hybrid artificial neural network and analytical model to predict optical constants and bandgap energy of novel silicon thin films. The method was found to be 95% accurate in determining the optical properties of these materials, which is challenging due to limited experimental data available.
Recent advances in nano- and micro-based delivery systems show promising strategies for achieving controlled drug release in the lungs. These systems minimize drug toxicity and improve treatment outcomes for chronic diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The research team proposes a method to fabricate a refractive index sensor using perfluoropolymer fiber and single mode-m multimode-single mode (SMS) structure, which achieves high sensitivity. The experimental results show that the refractive index sensitivity is -219.504 dB/RIU.
Recent studies have shed light on the activation of pattern recognition receptors during infection with obligate intracellular bacteria. The authors summarize the clinical features of these infections and discuss recent advances in host recognition, highlighting knowledge gaps in understanding innate immunity.
A study of 59 cardiac myxoma patients found that angiographically detectable neovascularity was associated with a borderline lower rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The findings suggest potential clinical significance of this phenomenon in patients with cardiac myxoma.
A new case study describes successful radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter combined with atrial tachycardia in a 63-year-old patient with pulmonary heart disease. The procedure was performed using the carto3 system, but initial results were inconsistent until remapping confirmed focal atrial tachycardia location.
A new study published in Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications found that a microtube-irrigated ablation catheter was more effective than a general ablation catheter in reducing blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. The study, which followed 60 patients for 12 months, also showed that the microtube-irrigated cat...
A study evaluated the clinical efficacy of a drug-eluting stent combined with a drug-coated balloon in treating left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions. The treatment resulted in low restenosis rates and no serious clinical events, making it a safe and effective option.
Researchers found that exogenous phosphatidic acid protects against liver injury caused by acetaminophen overdose. PA activates interleukin-6 signaling, which is crucial for reducing liver damage.
A new study found that thrombocytopenia, elevated serum total bilirubin level, and enlarged right atrium are independent predictors of all-cause death in patients undergoing the Maze IV procedure. Additionally, these factors also predict recurrent atrial fibrillation.
A new study found that main renal artery plus branch ablation improves blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, a condition where traditional treatments fail. The procedure, which involves denervating the kidney's sympathetic nerves, showed promising results with no significant long-term benefits.
A novel CXCR4 antagonist, EPI-X4 JM#21, has been developed to prevent atopic dermatitis and airway inflammation. The compound suppresses allergen-induced immune cell infiltration and prevents skin inflammation in mouse models.
Researchers discuss the recent development of quantum optics based on micro/nano structures, including metasurfaces, which offers rich light field control function to discover new quantum physics. Metasurfaces has great potential in quantum optics, enabling the exploration of quantum technologies with strong stability and high efficiency.
Researchers found SHP2, a potential cancer therapy target, promotes innate immunosuppression in colon cancer by activating STING-TBK1-IRF3-mediated type I interferon signaling. The study used single-cell transcriptomics to explore SHP2's role in the tumor microenvironment.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has made global eradication unlikely. The current COVID-19 vaccines offer protection against severe disease but may not provide good mucosal immunity, making repeated doses and booster shots necessary.
The journal Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications (CVIA) has published its first issue of new Volume 6, featuring important research on the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. The issue includes several articles on the topic, including a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Astaxanthine attenuates cisplatin ototoxicity in vitro by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. In vivo, AST protects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss by promoting cell survival and reducing ROS overexpression.
Researchers have identified an N-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide hit that inhibits HCMV in submicromolar range, exhibiting a structure-activity relationship and good selectivity index. The compound also displays favorable ADME properties
This study compared drugs associated with hepatotoxicity in the FDA's FAERS database, finding that mitochondrial mechanisms are a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury. The top four drugs with the highest risk were associated with mitochondrial mechanisms, and older patients and females were more likely to be affected.
The SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant has been detected in over 30 countries worldwide, with rapid spread in Peru and low circulation in neighboring countries. The study found that the variant's infectivity is high, but its effects on clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness are poorly documented.
A new study published in Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications found that acute emotional stress combined with chronic anxiety disorder can cause malignant ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock, and even death. The study highlights the importance of psychological management to improve patient outcomes.
A study analyzing CT images from patients with heart failure and COVID-19 pneumonia found distinct characteristics. Heart failure patients showed less rounded morphology and more peribronchovascular thickening compared to COVID-19 pneumonia patients.
A study in Egypt identified significant barriers to primary PCI implementation in STEMI management, including prehospital and emergency department delays. The findings highlight the need for improvement in STEMI networks, training of interventional cardiologists, and hospital policies to enhance patient care.
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Beijing experienced significantly shorter durations compared to SARS. Risk factors for longer hospitalization included bilateral pneumonia and lymphopenia.