Direct images of aligned magnetic domains on both sides of an interface reveal the phenomenon of 'pinning' in layered magnetic structures. The researchers used photoemission electron microscopy to distinguish between layers with different chemical elements, demonstrating that exchange bias is an intrinsic property of the interface.
A study using robotic microarray technology has identified 55 genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy, including 30 previously unassociated genes. The research also discovered eight genes associated only with recovery from hypertrophy, providing new insights into the complex relationship between heart stress and gene expression.
The BOOMERANG experiment found a flat universe by analyzing cosmic microwave background radiation data. The team used the NERSC supercomputer to process the large dataset and derive fundamental cosmic parameters with high accuracy.
Researchers have identified conserved non-coding sequences (CNSs) in the human genome that regulate gene expression, using comparative analysis techniques with mice. These regulatory sequences were found to be present across various mammals, indicating their importance in biological functions.
The decoded genetic information contains an estimated 10-15,000 genes linked to diseases such as kidney disease, cancer, and hypertension. Researchers can now mine this data for advances in basic understanding of life and applications like diagnosing and treating diseases.
Researchers have observed RNAP molecules possessing intrinsic transcription rates and propensities to pause and stop. The study provides new insights into how genetic expression in cells may be regulated, suggesting a kinetic competition between transcription and pausing.
The Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly genome has been sequenced in full, with a focus on physical maps to ensure accuracy. The completion of the genome sequence is significant, as it reveals connections between fruit fly and human genes, offering insights into diseases such as cancer, kidney disease, and metabolic disorders.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have successfully produced sub-picosecond pulses of synchrotron light, extending the spectral range from infrared to x-ray wavelengths. The technique enables scientists to capture atomic motion and chemical reactions on a timescale almost incomprehensibly short.
Researchers develop a new method for labeling cell surfaces with azide markers, which can target cancer therapy, medical implants, and viral-mediated gene transfer. The Staudinger ligation technique uses an electron-hungry carbohydrate trap to prevent instability in water, enabling stable amide bonds.
Alexandre Chorin, a renowned mathematician, is working on a new method of optimal prediction that could contribute to solving the turbulence problem. His work incorporates contributions from collaborators and aims to tackle the complex multi-dimensional problem that defies current computing power.
Researchers analyzed lunar cratering data and found a sudden increase in impacts about 400 million years ago. This period corresponds to the rapid evolution of life on Earth during the Cambrian explosion.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab's PEEM2 microscope created the first high-resolution images of antiferromagnetic domain structures in lanthanum iron oxide. The findings hold promise for fabricating improved magnetic devices, such as read heads in computer hard-disk drives.
The PSLQ algorithm has found surprising relations in mathematics and physics, including a formula for calculating any binary digit of pi without prior calculations. This breakthrough uses high precision arithmetic to discover new mathematical relations among numbers.
The new fume hood technology uses only 30 percent of the airflow of standard laboratory fume hood installations, potentially saving $30 million annually in California. Nationally, the total savings is estimated to be ten times higher, with the technology having the potential to reduce operating costs and increase chip fabrication yield.
Researchers have solved the fundamental problem of scattering in a quantum system of three charged particles, a phenomenon responsible for ionization in atomic physics. They employed exterior complex scaling to obtain accurate solutions using supercomputers, enabling detailed calculations for outgoing states and interactions.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute is investing $8.05 million in new 'superbend' beamlines at the Advanced Light Source, enabling protein crystallography research and advancing understanding of molecular function and interaction.
Scientists have produced the first three-dimensional images of the protein complex that initiates DNA transcription, revealing critical components and their interactions. The research provides insights into how transcriptional factors work together to regulate gene expression.
A five-year program aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from China by 100 million tons, improving energy efficiency in the country's largest refrigerator industry. The project will also reduce air pollutants and help the government of China achieve its goal of using energy more efficiently.
Researchers used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the electronic structure of Nd-LSCO, finding charge carriers segregated into one-dimensional lines and exhibiting quantum fluctuations that give rise to two-dimensional effects. This discovery may help resolve a paradox between different theories of superconductivity.
Researchers have identified two genes contributing to asthma development: interleukin IL4 and IL13. Decreasing their activity may help reduce asthma attacks, with potential applications to other complex genetic conditions.
A team of researchers has produced high-resolution images of a complete ribosome complex using the Advanced Light Source (ALS), revealing more about its structure than previous observations. The new crystallographic images provide insights into how transfer RNA interacts with the ribosome and the molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis.
Scientists discovered that microorganisms in basalt rock can reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to less toxic forms, especially in the presence of volatile organic compounds. The researchers found that certain bacteria, such as Arthrobacter oxydans, play a key role in this process.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new way to measure slippage deep within the Earth using tickers, groups of identically repeating tiny earthquakes. By analyzing the timing and intervals between these quakes, scientists can track changes in fault strain associated with larger earthquakes.
Researchers used the One-Ångstrom Microscope to create unprecedented images of columns of carbon atoms in diamond lattices and nitrogen atoms in gallium nitride at atomic resolution. The technique overcomes challenges of resolving light elements in crystal lattices, enabling new discoveries in superhard materials, high-temperature supe...
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have discovered two new superheavy elements, 116 and 118, using an intense beam of high-energy krypton ions. The discovery was made possible by the newly constructed Berkeley Gas-filled Separator, which allows for unprecedented efficiency and background suppression.
Adding nitrogen to gallium indium arsenide decreases its band gap dramatically, a significant finding for advanced solar cells. The discovery explains why the material has been disappointing in solar cells so far.
Researchers use 'Cosmic Triangle' to plot evidence for accelerated universe expansion and high mass density of dark energy. The findings rule out models with low or negative mass density, pointing towards a flat universe dominated by dark energy.
The new device measures worker exposure to carbon monoxide and is more accurate than existing methods. It can be used as an occupational dosimeter or residential passive sampler.
A six-year research program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory demonstrated how to integrate window and lighting technologies for enhanced energy efficiency and occupant comfort. The project resulted in significant reductions in electricity demand, with dimmable daylighting controls reducing peak demand by up to 40%.
NERSC's new IBM RS/6000 SP system will increase computing capabilities by over 400%, with a peak performance of 3 teraflops and 2,048 processors. The system will enable faster turnaround of results for users across the country, supporting large-scale scientific research in fields like climate modeling and materials science.
Researchers have developed a new method to inlay copper wires in semiconductor wafers, promising faster integrated circuits. The 'ion-assisted trench filling' technique can produce thinner, more uniform layers of metals and fill narrower trenches with higher depth-to-width aspect ratios.
The Home Energy Saver Internet site computes residential energy savings possibilities for consumers by analyzing a home's energy use and identifying tailored improvements. The site provides personalized recommendations, linking users to hundreds of practical resources for energy-efficient products, service providers, and online materials.
Researchers created a protein-like model that unfolded and refolded itself to reveal common features among folding pathways. The study provides new clues to understanding how proteins achieve their stable structures quickly and reliably.
Physicists and astronomers observe distant supernovae to determine the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, implying a mysterious property of space first proposed by Albert Einstein. The discovery was made possible by a unique collaboration between researchers using supercomputer facilities and powerful telescopes.
Researchers found that global climate change could lead to dramatic increases in California wildfires and economic losses. The study analyzed the potential effects of climate change on wildfires in California and found that changes would occur despite enhanced fire suppression resources.
A team of scientists reached a supercomputing milestone by simulating metallic magnetism at 1.002 Teraflops on a Cray T3E supercomputer. The achievement showcases the power and capabilities of parallel computers, enabling the study of larger systems and new phenomena.
The Joint Genome Institute has exceeded its goal of sequencing 20 million base pairs for fiscal year 1998 and is on track to complete the entire human genome project in five years. The JGI's advanced technologies have enabled it to reach rates of over 2.5 million base pairs per month.
Researchers developed nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals that emit multiple colors of light, enabling the simultaneous measurement of several biological markers. These crystal probes show improved photochemical stability and fluorescence lifetime compared to conventional dye molecules.
Researchers at PPPL used a supercomputer to simulate microturbulence in plasma, achieving 400 million particles in 5,000 time-steps. The results provide valuable physics insights and support the use of high-performance computing for discovery in fusion research.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a new technique called MARPE, which directly determines the identity of an atom and its neighbors. The method works by analyzing the energies of electrons emitted when excited by photons, revealing the presence and identity of neighboring atoms.
Scientists have discovered a cheap material that changes color in response to light, potentially revolutionizing energy-efficient windows. The material could regulate illumination levels, glare, heat gain and loss, making buildings use less energy.
Researchers have determined the complete crystal structure of cytochrome bc1, a crucial protein complex in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This breakthrough has provided detailed images of the complex at an unprecedented resolution of 3 angstroms, shedding light on its role in energy production for living cells.
Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory tested various sealing materials, including clear plastic tape, foil-backed tape, mastic, and injected aerosol sealant. Only duct tape failed the tests, while others formed good seals for extended periods.
Researchers have calculated that carbon-36 fullerenes may become superconducting at significantly higher temperatures than other carbon structures. The materials' unique bonding configurations and electron-phonon coupling mechanisms could enable superconductivity at temperatures up to three times higher than those of C-60.
Researchers have modeled semilocal strings in the universe, which may explain why there is more matter than antimatter. The strings' behavior could also shed light on the formation of galaxies and large-scale structure.
The new wall chart graphically illustrates the basic structure of the nucleus, recent discoveries, and future directions in nuclear science. It includes sections on the expansion of the universe, nuclear matter phases, radio-active decay, controlled nuclear energy, and applications of nuclear science.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory successfully marked selected internet traffic for priority service over unmarked traffic in a cross-country demonstration. The demonstration showcases a key milestone in the development of differentiated services, which will provide specialized services to network customers.
Researchers have developed a fast new way to compute three-dimensional models of internal organs and anatomical features from noisy medical images. The method, based on partial-differential equations, allows doctors to build accurate models with just a single click inside the region of interest.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory used seismic data from 40,000 earthquakes to characterize the Earth's structure from crust to inner core. They found evidence of heterogeneity in the outer core, suggesting a liquid iron-nickel-sulfur compound that could help explain the Earth's magnetic field.
Researchers invent new way to see underground using electromagnetic energy, enabling better images at greater range and reducing drilling costs. The technique can also be used to characterize environmental problems and monitor remediation.