Researchers found that patients with xeroderma pigmentosum had lower DNA repair capacity than control subjects, increasing their risk for melanoma. A natural compound called deguelin may have potential as both a chemopreventive agent and a therapeutic agent against lung cancer.
Tamoxifen treatment reduced the risk of benign breast disease and biopsies in high-risk women. Women treated with tamoxifen had a 28% lower incidence of benign diseases than those on placebo.
Researchers found no difference in life expectancy between single- and multiple-fraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. Single-fraction radiotherapy is more cost-effective, with a lower treatment cost of $2,438 compared to $3,311 for multiple-fraction radiotherapy.
Researchers found that selenium supplements reduced DNA damage in elderly male dogs' prostates, potentially benefiting aging prostate health. A separate study suggests a new retinoid treatment may prevent lung cancer in former smokers by restoring RAR-ß expression and reducing squamous metaplasia.
Researchers identified BRCA2 germline mutations in 19% of families with familial pancreatic cancer. The presence of specific frameshift mutations was found in 12% of the families studied. These findings suggest an important role for BRCA2 mutations in a subpopulation of families with familial pancreatic cancer.
A study found that colonoscopy perforation rates are twice as high as those of sigmoidoscopy. The risk of perforation from sigmoidoscopy was about half that of colonoscopy, with 5% of perforations resulting in death within 14 days.
A recent update of the Italian Randomized Trial of Tamoxifen found that tamoxifen significantly reduced breast cancer incidence by 82% in high-risk women. The study suggested that factors such as early menstruation, childlessness, and tall stature increase a woman's risk of developing ER+ breast cancer.
Breast cancer patients with HER-2/neu overexpression have lower hormone receptor levels, affecting treatment response. HFE gene mutations increase colon cancer risk in the US population.
A study of 286 girls ages 8-10 found that a low-fat diet resulted in reductions in estrogen hormone concentrations. After 5 years, girls in the intervention group had 29.8% lower estradiol levels and 27.2% higher testosterone levels compared to those on usual care.
Two trials found that adjuvant chemotherapy improved recurrence-free survival by 8-11% and overall survival by 5-9%, primarily benefiting patients with unrecognized residual disease. These findings suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy may be most effective in patients with non-optimal surgical staging.
Researchers analyzed 37 randomized controlled trials and found that most showed no significant improvement in pain, appetite, weight gain, quality of life, or performance status for patients receiving a placebo. Individual patient responses to placebos were also variable, with some improvements observed in certain symptoms.
A recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that combination hormone therapy was associated with a 3-5% increase in breast density, while estrogen alone had no effect. This suggests that increased breast density may be a valid marker for the effect of interventions on breast cancer risk.
A study found no significant association between exposure to contaminated poliovirus vaccine and the incidence of pleural mesothelioma, a rare lung cancer. Incidence rates increased among older males, but remained stable or decreased in younger age groups.
A recent study found that women with negative Pap and HPV tests are at low risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or cancer, while those with a positive HPV test remain at risk. Researchers also discussed the challenges of analyzing DNA microarray data and recommended ways to improve its interpretation.
Researchers investigated the association between alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk, finding no statistically significant link. The Journal of National Cancer Institute also published studies on body surface area-based dosing for anticancer drugs and carbohydrate binding protein's potential to inhibit tumor growth.
The study analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between 1980 and 2001, revealing increases in cancer screening test usage since 1987. Key factors influencing screening use include age, sociodemographic status, healthcare source, and knowledge of cancer risk factors.
A survey of 1,120 cancer physicians reveals substantial differences in views about the purpose of clinical trials. Pediatric oncologists are more likely to enroll patients in trials for state-of-the-art treatment, while other specialties prioritize scientific advancement and future patient care.
The SCORE trial shows that sigmoidoscopy screening can reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, with a high yield of advanced lesions and early cancers. The procedure is relatively safe, with low rates of perforation and hemorrhage.
Researchers developed new compounds to optimize apoptosis-inducing ability of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor. They found that the structural features required for apoptosis induction differ from those required for COX-2 inhibition.
A study found that long-term oral contraceptive use is associated with a 33% increase in breast cancer risk among women with BRCA1 mutations, particularly those who started using contraceptives before age 30. In contrast, no significant increase in breast cancer risk was observed in women with BRCA2 mutations.
A study has identified specific combinations of H. pylori bacterial strain and host genetic variations that increase the risk of stomach cancer in infected individuals. These findings suggest that personalized genotyping can help identify high-risk individuals, who may benefit from targeted H. pylori eradication treatment.
Two new studies published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute identified key risk factors for classical Kaposi's sarcoma and found that smoking may decrease the risk of this disease. Meanwhile, research on leptin suggests it controls breast cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, a potential screening tool for ovarian canc...
Researchers found imatinib inhibited tumor growth and cell proliferation in mice with human Ewing's sarcoma tumors, offering a potential new therapy for the disease. Higher concentrations of imatinib were needed to kill Ewing's sarcoma cells than other tumor cells.
Researchers found that PC-SPES reduced the effectiveness of paclitaxel treatment in both androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent models of prostate carcinoma. Consumption of garlic, chives, and other allium vegetables may be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer.
A recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that a high-fiber diet did not affect the recurrence rate of adenomatous polyps in participants. The researchers separated the participants into four groups based on their baseline fiber consumption and calculated the risk of polyp recurrence in each group.
A study found that herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection may increase the risk of invasive cervical cancer, particularly when combined with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study analyzed data from seven countries and detected HSV-2 antibodies in nearly half of women with cervical cancer, but not in most women without the d...
A study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors found a significant association between radiation exposure and an increased risk of all nervous system tumors, with higher risks for schwannomas, men, and children. The authors suggest that these increased risks persist throughout lifetime, regardless of age at exposure.
A study recalculated cancer incidence rates from SEER data and found significant percentage changes (3-14%) between reporting-adjusted and unadjusted rates. The authors emphasize the importance of considering these corrections to accurately monitor trends in cancer incidence.
A study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that women undergoing prophylactic bilateral mastectomy often overestimate their breast cancer risk. Meanwhile, a separate study uncovered no association between antiperspirant use and increased breast cancer risk. Furthermore, researchers identified a serum protein expressi...
Research found that approximately 20% of the breast cancers detected by screening mammography were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and the rate of DCIS diagnoses per 1000 mammograms increased with age. Mammograms were also more sensitive at detecting DCIS than invasive breast cancer.
Researchers found that patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid experienced fewer bone complications and less pain compared to those who received a placebo. Additionally, tumors in patients treated with the HuMV833 antiangiogenic antibody showed marked differences in antibody uptake, distribution, and clearance.
A study found that visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and HPV DNA testing are less expensive alternatives to traditional Pap smear screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. VIA, performed every 5 years in women ages 35-55, was the least expensive approach and saved the most lives.
A randomized trial of breast self-examination (BSE) in Shanghai found no difference in breast cancer mortality between BSE and control groups. However, women taught BSE had more benign breast lesions detected during every year of the trial.
A study of community radiologists' mammogram interpretations found wide variation in how often masses, calcifications, and suspicious lesions are detected. False-positive readings increased with patient demographics, training level, and time since graduating from medical school.
Research highlights increased cervical cancer risk in smokers, while ovarian tumors with BRCA2 mutations also commonly have BRCA1 mutations. A potential therapeutic approach for eliminating malignant urothelial cells is also explored through CD40 ligation.
Research studies found small but statistically significant increases in cancer risks among BRCA1 mutation carriers, including colon, liver, pancreatic, and cervical cancers. Additionally, male BRCA1 mutation carriers had a slightly elevated risk of prostate cancer.
A recent analysis of eight PC-SPES lots revealed widespread contamination with indomethacin and diethylstilbestrol, two potent synthetic compounds that undermine the supplement's anticancer potency. The study suggests that the contaminated batches had significantly reduced anticancer activity.
A study found no association between carbohydrate and sucrose intake and pancreatic cancer risk, but a diet high in glycemic load increased the risk among overweight women. Dairy product consumption was not associated with reduced breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women, but may be protective in premenopausal women.
A study found that St. John's wort significantly lowers blood levels of irinotecan's active metabolite SN-38 by 42%, decreasing detoxification and reducing overall antitumor activity. Patients receiving chemotherapeutic treatments with St. John's wort may need to increase drug dosage.
A phase III trial found that darbepoetin alfa reduced blood transfusions by half and increased hemoglobin levels, while decreasing fatigue. The treatment also showed similar adverse events to those in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
A recent study suggests that breast cancer susceptibility gene may be associated with lower penetrance than previously estimated. Genetic counselors must consider multiple risk factors when predicting an individual's risk for breast cancer, as the presence of a BRCA mutation does not define her overall risk.
The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma declined sharply in the mid-1990s, mainly due to AIDS treatment improvements. However, non-AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence has continued to rise.
Researchers found that MMP-9 expression contributes to angiogenesis in human ovarian tumors, while dense breasts compromise diagnostic mammography sensitivity. Aspirin users have a lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer, according to the study.
A randomized trial found that a shorter radiation therapy course did not increase breast cancer recurrence or cosmetic issues, but may have quality-of-life benefits. The study suggests that women with small, completely removed tumors could potentially receive shorter, more convenient treatment.
A randomized trial found that adding chemotherapy to tamoxifen significantly increases disease-free and overall survival rates for postmenopausal women with lymph node-negative, ER-negative breast cancer. In contrast, no survival benefit was observed for those with ER-positive tumors.
Researchers found that measuring Mcm5 levels in urine could detect bladder cancer with higher sensitivity than current tests. Additionally, a study linked effective DNA repair capacity to poorer survival rates in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy.
A study finds that PSA testing led to a 29% and 44% overdiagnosis rate among white and black men, respectively. The increased incidence was partly due to unnecessary biopsies and side effects from treatment.
Researchers have identified organosulfur compounds, such as ADT, as effective in preventing lung cancer progression. Vitamin B12 analogues also showed promise in targeting chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, while aminopeptidase inhibitors may help restore apoptosis in leukemia cells
A study found that hereditary BRCA1 and BRCA2 ovarian cancers have similar gene expression profiles to sporadic ovarian cancers. The research suggests shared molecular mechanisms between hereditary and sporadic ovarian carcinogenesis exist.
A study of female radiologic technologists found that prolonged exposure to low dose radiation is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer mortality. Women who started working as radiologic technologists before 1940 were nearly three times more likely to die from breast cancer than those who began working in 1960 or later.