A recent study suggests that exercise is the predominant lifestyle determinant of bone strength in young women, with daily calcium intake showing little impact on adult bone mass. The research found that physical activity accounted for between 16% and 22% of variation in hip bone mineral density and bending strength.
Researchers found that a caterpillar's adaptation to a specific fruit's chemical composition allows it to survive without triggering the plant's defense mechanism, providing a stable food supply. This unique dietary preference also shields the caterpillar from parasites, enabling it to thrive in an otherwise hostile environment.
A study found that men and women have distinct answers when asked about their favorite outdoor activities, with women often citing family-oriented pursuits. This suggests that traditional questionnaire structures may not account for differences in how men and women interpret questions about outdoor recreation preferences and behavior.
A study found a high level of agreement between brown bags and pharmacy records, with mismatches often caused by missing medications from the pharmacy records. The method is useful for monitoring medication adherence in low-income older adults, particularly those with worse health or certain medical conditions.
Researchers at Penn State found lags between the changes in forces and strength in laboratory simulations, with delays ranging from seconds to weeks after initial earthquakes. The study suggests a competition between compaction and dilation of granules in gouge zones contributes to delayed fault movements.
A new study published in Science proposes a potential design principle for vaccines targeting difficult-to-destroy viruses like HIV and smallpox. The research found that a double-punch approach, targeting both pathways to activate killer cells, could provide more efficient protection against viruses.
A study published in Nature found that thick marine beds of siderite suggest early high carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The research suggests that the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was more than 100 times greater than today, causing acidic ocean water and maintaining liquid oceans.
Scientists have found microscopic life in ancient glacier ice, sparking interest in survival mechanisms of small cells under harsh conditions. The discovery opens up new avenues for research into growing previously unculturable organisms and understanding the limits of microbial life.
A Penn State researcher suggests that the black-white test score gap can be reduced by increasing verbal interaction between parents and children. Research shows that professional parents who spoke more words to their children had better vocabulary knowledge and higher reading performance. Interventions like Early Head Start have shown...
Researchers found that women who were highly frustrated by earlier math problem-solving sessions ate more snacks overall, especially high-fat items. Men did not show the same level of increased snacking regardless of noise exposure or perceived control.
Researchers have identified a genetic component involved in the self-incompatibility response of plants. The discovery sheds light on how plants prevent self-pollination and could lead to more efficient methods for producing hybrid seeds, such as hand emasculation being replaced by transgenic approach.
Small earthquakes with magnitudes zero to three are recorded in South African gold mines, providing a unique dataset for scientists. The researchers are using this data to investigate the properties of small earthquakes and bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and real-world seismic activity.
Researchers have developed a high-performance concrete bridge deck mixture that can extend the life of bridges to 100 years, reducing costs and environmental impact. The mixture uses recycled fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag to improve durability and reduce corrosion.
Research suggests that rainfall and snowfall in distant mountains can significantly impact river levels years later, highlighting the importance of water table recharge. This phenomenon has significant implications for development in semi-arid regions, emphasizing the need for long-term planning to ensure sustainability.
Penn State researchers aim to develop a small, effective pediatric heart assist system for infants, children, and teens. The goal is to create a device that can provide support for at least six months until the heart recovers or a donor heart is found.
A new sedation algorithm has significantly reduced unplanned extubations in pediatric ICU patients without increasing hospital stays. The Penn State Children's Hospital Sedation Algorithm sets target behavior goals for ventilated children and provides corresponding medication recommendations.
A study suggests that people unconsciously recall images associated with African-Americans when reading news about violent crime, reflecting the influence of stereotypes on memory. This can have implications for law-enforcement scenarios, such as identifications in line-ups and racial profiling.
Researchers identified 15 common food habits that significantly impact blood sugar control, surpassing the effectiveness of medication. By adopting these 'do's and avoiding specific 'don'ts,' individuals with diabetes can achieve normal blood sugar levels.
Researchers at Penn State have found a missing chemical that plays a significant role in ozone and aerosol production in the lower atmosphere. The discovery was made through a two-year study of hydroxyl radical reactivity in a forested area, which found that a temperature-dependent chemical was reacting with the hydroxyl radical.
Researchers have successfully performed heart biopsies using arm catheterization, a promising new option for patients. The procedure showed no major complications and allowed patients to be discharged quickly.
A Penn State study has found that six domestic oils provided adequate corrosion protection for concrete bridge tendons in various test environments. The top-performing products from the study, including Citgo Cutting Oil NC 205 and Shell/Texaco Dromus ABD, will undergo further testing to examine their bond and ultimate flexural capacity.
Penn State's new thermoacoustic chiller uses helium gas to keep ice cream in delicious condition without damaging the atmosphere. The technology has potential for widespread use in applications where chemical refrigeration is difficult or banned due to global warming.
Researchers found that administering opioid growth factor (OGF) to patients with advanced pancreatic cancer improved their quality of life and survival rates. OGF was shown to be non-toxic and did not cause common side effects associated with chemotherapy, such as hair loss or nausea.
Penn State engineers developed a concept for morphing airplane wings that can reduce drag and power, varying with flight speed. The design features a small-scale compliant cellular truss structure, segmented skin, and tendon actuation, enabling efficient flight over a broader range of speeds.
A team of astronomers at Penn State used the Hobby-Eberly Telescope to detect a cometlike body falling onto a massive, very young star. The infall, which occurred about 3200 years ago, provided dramatic spectral variations in the star's light. This discovery sheds light on planetary formation and the evolution of massive star systems.
A study published in Endocrine Practice found that continuous insulin monitoring and endocrinologist involvement did not increase the cost of treating diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery. The protocol showed significantly better glycemic control, leading to shorter hospital stays and fewer deep sternal wound infections.
A stable cluster of aluminum atoms, Al13, demonstrates properties similar to those of a halogen, retaining its properties during chemical reactions and in reaction products. The research uses experimental evidence and theoretical calculations to show that the cluster can be considered a 'superhalogen' atom.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new marking scheme that can identify the originator of spam, viruses, and illegal file-sharing messages with high accuracy. The approach uses border routers to mark packets with identifying numbers, allowing for efficient traceback of malicious content.
Researchers at Penn State have created a thermally stable coal-based jet fuel, provisionally designated as JP900, which can absorb significant amounts of heat and remain stable up to 900 degrees Fahrenheit. This fuel has potential benefits in reducing engine deposits and improving cold weather performance.
Researchers have found that alcohols, which are not typically considered good lubricants, can work effectively in tiny machines. The discovery could lead to the development of gas-delivered liquid thin films that regenerate sensors and allow recycling of air bag mechanisms, improving efficiency and reducing power dissipation.
Researchers developed self-cleaning hydrogen sensors using titania nanotubes that can recover from contamination by exposing them to ultraviolet light. The sensors' photocatalytic properties allow for efficient removal of contaminants, enabling real-world applications with minimal sensor error.
A study published in Obesity Research found that customers who were served larger portions of high-calorie foods consumed significantly more calories, often without noticing. The study's findings suggest that portion size can have a significant impact on food consumption and weight management.
A new ribozyme package has been shown to be effective against the hepatitis B virus in an animal model, reducing viral production by over 80% in just three to five days. The treatment uses a specialized cassette that targets and destroys the virus's RNA, making it a promising approach for fighting other viruses as well.
A study published in the American Sociological Review found that exposure to homeless people can increase sympathetic attitudes towards homelessness. The researchers examined how contact between domiciled and homeless individuals affected views on homelessness, finding that all four forms of exposure promote sympathetic attitudes.
Researchers found that ocean acidity influences early estimates of carbon dioxide and temperature link, correcting temperature curves to match glacial records. They applied correction factors for changes in acidity, calcium ions, and carbon dioxide saturation, accurately predicting two major glaciations.
Researchers developed a neural network software that predicts the best dose strategy for individual patients based on 17 characteristics. The new approach showed potential for dose prescription improvement, reducing risk of adverse side effects.
The 'Keepin' it R.E.A.L.' curriculum targets European-American, Mexican-American and African-American cultures, with mixed results. The program helps students understand risks, make prudent decisions and refuse drug offers, leading to better outcomes.
A new US policy has reduced gaming in heart transplant waiting lists, but the competition for scarce organs still exists. The researchers found that before the rule change, heart transplant centers in competitive areas were more likely to list patients in the sickest category.
Researchers found that gene regulation is bipolar, with a small set of genes relying on the TATA box for proper function, while most genes rely on the TFIID complex. This discovery provides clues about how to understand gene function and regulation in yeast and potentially applicable to human genetics.
US state and territorial health departments have limited online resources for reporting infectious diseases, a study found. Updating these sites to provide complete, accessible disease reporting information could strengthen partnerships between clinicians and public health officials and improve disease surveillance.
Patients who develop diabetes after kidney transplant experience poorer outcomes, including higher rates of infection and recurrent infections. Tight control of glucose levels is crucial for these patients to remain healthy.
A recent study by Penn State researchers found that Minority Medicaid patients face barriers to quality care due to language and cultural factors. The study analyzed responses from 49,327 adults in 14 states, revealing significant disparities in care reports among linguistic minorities.
Penn State researchers have successfully generated electricity from domestic wastewater using microbial fuel cells, removing up to 78% of organic matter. The technology has the potential to reduce wastewater treatment costs and provide access to sanitation technologies worldwide.
A new computer method called FamClash has been developed to predict the activity of hybrid enzymes, which are created by combining similar enzymes from different organisms. The approach identifies incompatible residue pairs that can lead to reduced enzyme activity, and provides valuable insights for protein engineering interventions.
Scientists have discovered that snakes made their debut on land, not in the ocean, as they evolved from their lizard ancestors. The research resolves a long-debated question about the origin of snakes and provides evidence for why they lost their limbs.
A moderate-fat diet, rich in monounsaturated fats from peanuts and peanut oil, produced a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, with a 14% decrease compared to the low-fat group. The study found that despite weight loss, high fat diets can rebound and cause adverse effects on HDL cholesterol levels during maintenance.
Researchers discover green leafy volatiles (GLV) prime corn plant defenses to respond more strongly against subsequent herbivorous insect attacks. The primed plants produce chemical signals that attract natural parasites and predators, increasing crop protection.
A study by Penn State found that users rate ease of use as crucial for using web-based road weather information systems, with map scale and resolution being key graphical elements. The study suggests that improving usability could increase public adoption of these systems.
Corn earworm moths travel at varying heights influenced by air currents, affecting their migration patterns. By analyzing wind patterns and weather forecasts, researchers aim to forecast the arrival of these pests and develop targeted insecticide strategies to reduce damage.
Researchers Chan and Kim create a supersolid by compressing helium-4 gas into a glass disk with miniature pores at extremely low temperatures. The experiment suggests that all three states of matter can enter the 'super' state, known as Bose-Einstein condensation.