A team of scientists has successfully guided human embryonic stem cells to become precursor brain cells in a laboratory dish. Transplanted into baby mice, these cells further differentiated into neurons and astrocytes, paving the way for potential treatments of Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries.
Researchers at UW-Madison found that female rats have an improved protective reaction to oxygen deprivation, suggesting a role for estrogen in respiratory control. The study suggests that gender hormones may be a factor in the development of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly in women.
A decade-long study suggests forest management can influence carbon uptake, but factors such as tree species and age confound the process. The researchers' findings validate a new method for measuring carbon dioxide levels, highlighting the need for careful consideration of forest management strategies.
Researchers have identified the anthrax toxin receptor, a single protein that allows the toxin to enter host cells. The discovery may lead to the development of new treatments for anthrax infection by blocking the toxin from entering cells.
Scientists have found that gradual changes in ecosystems can lead to catastrophic collapse, as even small disturbances can trigger irreversible shifts. This is evident in various ecosystems around the world, including coral reefs and forests.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison professors finds that juggling work and family roles improves health for single and married women, as well as men. The research also shows that high levels of role satisfaction are associated with low levels of depression and anxiety.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison propose that anthocyanins in plants like maples and oaks produce vibrant autumn colors. The pigments shield sensitive photosynthetic tissue from excessive light and other stresses as trees reabsorb nutrients, allowing them to store energy.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have made a breakthrough in gene transfer technology by inserting a jellyfish gene into rhesus monkey embryos, resulting in transgenic placentas that produce the desired protein. The study promises new insights into pathologies of pregnancy and has implications for human gene therapy.
Researchers found that a minor change in the arrangement of molecules can turn a relatively benign flu virus into a deadly one. The study used mice to show that even a small amount of the virulent form of the virus was enough to cause fatal infections, highlighting the potential for animal-to-human transmission.
A study led by University of Wisconsin-Madison professor Vicki Bier found no evidence that deregulation causes widespread safety lapses in the US nuclear power industry. However, it warned that the speed of change after deregulation could create potential safety hazards, and highlighted concerns over organizational changes, rapid downs...
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison successfully directed undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells to become primitive types of blood cells, which later develop into mature blood cells. This breakthrough technology holds promise for creating novel sources of blood cells for transfusion and transplant therapies.
Scientists from University of Wisconsin-Madison propose new model for origin of volcanism in young calderas, suggesting high probability of future catastrophic eruption. Tiny crystals of zircon and quartz harbor geochemical clues to past and future volcanic eruptions, including massive explosions that could disrupt global climate.
A new database reveals that humans have reshaped the global landscape for centuries, leading to significant environmental degradation. The study highlights the urgent need to address the depletion of natural resources and mitigate climate change.
A newly completed genomic sequence of E. coli O157:H7 reveals how these bacteria are armed with a wide range of genes that trigger illness. The study found large-scale genetic changes, including the ability for viruses to introduce virulent genes, making it harder to control public health threats.
A new study reveals that Ph.D. training often fails to prepare students for careers outside of academia, despite their desire to do so. Key findings include a lack of understanding about non-academic career options and inadequate preparation for teaching and service activities.
Researchers have discovered a 4.4-billion-year-old zircon crystal that suggests the early Earth had a low-temperature environment with water and conditions suitable for life. The findings contradict conventional wisdom, which predicted a magma ocean, and may indicate the Earth cooled faster than thought.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified the genetic basis of Alexander disease, a rare and devastating childhood brain disorder. The discovery confirms mutations in the GFAP gene as the cause, leading to an abnormal protein buildup that damages the nervous system.
Researchers found natural biofilms that concentrate zinc sulfide, which could aid in treating acid mine drainage. The discovery sheds light on the biology of metal ore formation and offers potential solutions for contaminated mining sites.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison identify gene called bric-a-brac that establishes sex differences in body pigmentation, with males under pressure to evolve new traits to stay competitive. The discovery provides a window into ongoing evolutionary processes and sheds light on the genetic basis of sex differences.
Researchers have discovered a potentially promising approach to attack the AIDS virus, opening new vaccine directions. The study found that infected individuals make immune responses that the virus cannot tolerate, and that these responses could be mimicked in an HIV vaccine.
Scientists have assembled a 150-year lake and river ice record spanning the Northern Hemisphere, showing a steady warming trend. The average rate of change over the 150-year period was 8.7 days later for freeze dates and 9.8 days earlier for breakup dates.
A Wisconsin lake study has found that acid rain effects can last for decades, with the chemistry of the lake correcting itself naturally within two years. However, the biological changes took much longer to recover, with some species thriving while others were decimated.
A University of Wisconsin-Madison study finds that a breakdown in the brain's regulatory system is linked to impulsive violent behavior, with common neurological threads found in areas controlling negative emotions. The research opens a new avenue for studying and possibly treating violence and aggression.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison found that interdigital tissue determines the uniqueness of each budding embryonic digit, forcing scientists to revise their theories on how cells organize into patterned tissue. The study reveals that surrounding soft tissue provides information about what it will ultimately become.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have elucidated the 3-dimensional atomic structure of an enzyme that enables a transposable genetic element to 'jump' between DNA strands. The discovery provides new insights into the mechanism of transposition and its potential implications for HIV-1 treatment.
A study published in Nature Genetics found that a reduced-calorie diet selectively lowers the activity of genes related to inflammation and free-radical damage in the aging brain. This may lead to improved cognitive function and motor skills, as well as lower risk of age-related neurological disorders.
Computer models at UW-Madison use genetic algorithms to optimize engine performance, increasing fuel efficiency while reducing pollution. The results demonstrate significant improvements in nitric oxide and soot emissions, as well as a 15% reduction in fuel consumption.
Researchers found that even mild to moderate sleep apnea significantly increases the risk of hypertension, with graver levels associated with higher likelihood. The study used data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study and found a substantial risk of hypertension in those with mild to moderate sleep apnea.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have designed a new type of molecule that exhibits wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including effectiveness against resistant bacteria. The synthetic beta-peptides mimic naturally-occurring peptides found in nature and have shown promise in laboratory tests.
A new study reveals that the LDL receptor plays a key role in reducing the production of LDL cholesterol and removing it from the blood, providing insights into familial hypercholesterolemia. The research also explains how statins lower blood cholesterol levels by increasing LDL receptor activity.
Researchers found a key cell gene that aids viruses in multiplying by commandeering host cell machinery. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic approaches and antiviral drugs effective against various RNA viruses.
A new iceberg has broken from Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf, just east of one discovered on March 17. The new iceberg is approximately 130 km by 20 km and was detected using high-resolution satellite data provided by the Antarctic Meteorological Research Center.
A new archaeon, Ferroplasma acidarmanus, is found in mining sites and accelerates the production of sulfuric acid, a major environmental pollutant. The microbe's ability to thrive in acidic conditions without a cell wall defies conventional understanding.
Researchers have developed a new technique called Doubly Vibrationally Enhanced (DOVE) Four Wave Mixing, which uses two infrared lasers to study molecular connections and vibrations. This method allows chemists to gain insights into complex scientific problems, such as bacterial resistance to antibiotics and soil weathering.
Scientists confirmed the presence of oxygen VI in the galactic halo, indicating extremely high temperatures approaching half a million degrees Fahrenheit. The discovery provides strong evidence for supernovas pumping hot gas into the corona, supporting a long-held hypothesis about the galaxy's recycling process.
Astronomers have observed five young, massive star clusters in a distant galaxy, offering a glimpse into the earliest stages of stellar nursery development. The discoveries, estimated to be around 500,000 years old, provide valuable insights into how globular clusters form and evolve over billions of years.
Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new surface chemistry that simplifies DNA computing and enables scaling up to tackle complex problems. This breakthrough demonstrates DNA computing's potential to surpass conventional computers in information storage and processing capabilities.
Researchers have identified a gene called Mre11 as a critical component of the regulatory network that cells activate in response to DNA damage. This discovery explains how mutations in Mre11 can cause ataxia-telangiectasia, a genetic disorder characterized by progressive nerve and muscle loss and increased susceptibility to cancer.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism by which the galaxy is seeded with gas to form new stars, solving a long-standing question of galactic evolution. The discovery confirms that high-velocity clouds play a key role in the chemical evolution of the galaxy by showering it with metal-poor gas.
Researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison propose a new approach to understanding ecosystem health by focusing on an organism's ability to withstand environmental stress. The study suggests that competition among species is less important than biodiversity as an insurance policy against unknown environmental fluctuations.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison has launched a Center for the Study of Mind-Body Interaction to investigate how emotions affect physical health. The center will focus on five projects, including examining resilience in older women and the impact of meditation on brain activity.
A new method enables cheap and simple manufacture of customized DNA chips, revolutionizing genetic analysis and research. This technology can help diagnose genetic diseases and accelerate drug discovery, while reducing production costs.
Richard M. Amasino, a plant molecular biologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has been awarded the 1999 Alexander von Humboldt Award for his groundbreaking research on flowering time and senescence in plants. His discoveries have significant implications for agriculture, with potential to improve crop yields and resistance.
Researchers find geochemical signature in iron indicative of life, allowing for tracing of microbial populations across time and space. The technique could help resolve disputes about past life on Mars and provide insight into the evolution of life on Earth.
The new satellite-based tools provide unprecedented insights into tropical cyclones, allowing scientists to break them down into their component parts. This 'data fusion' technique enables the development of advanced hurricane forecasting methods, such as Wavetrak, which sheds light on the origin and intensity of these storms.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified key genes that govern critical biological tasks, revealing how a low-calorie diet slows aging. The study provides insight into the genetic basis of aging and holds promise for developing age-retarding drugs.
Researchers at UW-Madison have perfected a method for creating designer influenza viruses, which can be tailored to solve mysteries about flu strain mutations, spread, and illness. This technology may lead to more efficient influenza vaccines and safer gene therapies.
Researchers used embryonic stem cells to repair damaged nerve fibers in a rat model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. The study showed that transplanted cells can promote myelin sheath growth, potentially leading to improved function and clinical applications.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison psychologists found that males have only slightly higher levels of self-esteem than females across most ages. The analysis of nearly 150,000 respondents suggests that popular assumptions about a significant gender gap in self-esteem may be greatly exaggerated.
A decade-long primate study on diet and aging will be extended with a $6.75 million NIH grant, exploring mechanisms of aging in rhesus macaques. The research aims to answer whether calorie restriction can slow or prevent aging, building on existing studies in rodents.