Articles tagged with Developmental Genetics
Researchers discovered similar 3D DNA organization in fish and mouse clusters, indicating the main mechanism for patterning tetrapod limbs was present in fish. The study suggests that digits evolved by modernizing an ancestral regulatory mechanism.
Researchers at the University of Otago and Plant & Food Research have identified the genetic mechanism controlling onion bulb formation in response to changing daylight hours. This discovery will help breed new onion cultivars that can thrive in different environments, increasing crop yields and export revenue.
A new journal issue introduces guidelines for GMP monitoring using faunal species data. The VDI guidelines aim to detect environmental effects of GM plants in agricultural landscapes.
A genome-wide association study identifies 20 new genetic associations for myopia, a refractive error resulting from increased axial length of the eye. The study suggests that complex interactions underlie the development of myopia, with extracellular matrix remodeling and neuronal development playing key roles.
A team of researchers led by Drs. Marie Kmita and James Sharpe discovered the Turing-like mechanism responsible for generating human fingers and toes through genetic studies and mathematical modeling. The study reveals that Hox genes play a crucial role in modulating this mechanism, which is essential for proper limb development.
Daniel J. Rader, MD, has been awarded the American Heart Association's (AHA) Clinical Research Prize for developing new methods to identify factors regulating fat particle metabolism and testing their impact on atherosclerosis. His research focuses on genetic and pharmacologic regulation of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.
23andMe is opening its API to third-party developers, enabling them to create new web-based interactive tools using the company's DNA data. Approved developers will receive an authentication key to access the platform.
The FASEB MARC Program awarded two $1,650 travel grants to promote diversity in biomedical research. The recipients, Dr. Oni Mapp and Dr. Catherine McCollum, will present their work at the 2012 GSA Zebrafish Development and Genetics Meeting.
A handful of genetic changes in early mammalian development created the complex structures of the human brain, including fine motor skills and cognitive abilities. Researchers identified key regulatory DNA regions that control the formation of the corticospinal system.
A team of scientists has identified the genetic cause of Hamamy syndrome, a rare birth defect marked by abnormal facial features and heart defects. The discovery links the disease to a mutation in the IRX5 gene, which is highly conserved across animals.
A new study by the University of Minnesota researchers found that APHIS failed to recognize environmental impacts and made legal errors in regulating genetically engineered crops. The agency's regulatory decisions have faced criticism, leading to litigation delays in the development of new GE crops.
A new study suggests that even with a small initial virus population, HIV rapidly evolves to evade immune defenses and treatments due to mutation, recombination, and random genetic changes. This findings sheds light on the difficulty in developing an HIV cure and highlights the need for novel strategies to control the virus.
Researchers found that enhancers, which are meant to be active only in certain muscle types, were occupied by transcription factors from other tissues. This discovery reveals a new model for how enhancers function and provides insights into the developmental history of cells.
Researchers at the Gladstone Institutes have identified a key genetic mechanism linked to congenital heart disease, revealing the importance of epigenetics in fetal heart development. The study highlights the role of Ezh2 and Six1 genes in regulating healthy heart development, which can have profound health consequences later in life.
New York University and University of Iowa biologists have identified a critical protein called Zelda that orchestrates gene networks in an exquisitely coordinated fashion. The researchers found that Zelda is essential for the proper order of gene interactions, leading to drastic changes in body plan formation if absent.
Researchers identified FYCO1 as a key gene in the development of autosomal-recessive CCs. The study found that FYCO1 mutations lead to abnormal protein accumulation, disrupting lens transparency.
The Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Project collects genomic data from 12,000 children with developmental delays or multiple malformations. The goal is to develop clinical tools to unlock genetic reasons for these conditions, enabling doctors to make rapid diagnoses in up to one in five cases.
The Boston College bioinformatics lab has created a detailed map of genomic structural variants, a layer of DNA that distinguishes individuals. This analysis of 185 human genomes supports the 1000 Genomes Project and provides new insights into genetic selection, variations, and disease susceptibility.
A study by Yale researchers found that a high-fat diet influences the brain's development, making some individuals more prone to obesity and others resistant. The study suggests that genetic and environmental factors, particularly maternal impact on the developing brain, play a critical role in determining vulnerability to obesity.
Researchers identify four new autism susceptibility genes, including SHANK2 and SYNGAP1, which may lead to the development of new treatments. The study also found that individuals with autism tend to carry more genetic mutations than controls.
Iowa State University researcher is developing a micro-algal platform to stack desirable traits in algae, leading to increased oil production and hydrocarbon conversion for more sustainable biofuels. The goal is to create a flexible source of biofuels with reduced environmental impact.
The grants are worth a total of $7.7 million, with 19 awards from the National Science Foundation and four from the National Institutes of Health. Researchers will use the funding to build their research programs, work with students, and advance their projects.
A genetic mutation in the TACO1 gene has been identified as underlying late-onset Leigh syndrome, a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by central nervous system degeneration. The study provides insights into cell biology and will lead to diagnostic and predictive tests for family and genetic counseling.
A study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics found a significant evidence for a gene on chromosome 9q21 that may contribute to pelvic floor disorders. The researchers analyzed DNA from 70 women from 32 families with at least two cases of pelvic floor disorders and found significant evidence for a genetic predisposition.
A study published in PNAS found that the genetic toolkit for fin and limb development is linked to gill skeleton formation in sharks. This discovery provides evidence for an evolutionary connection between fins, limbs, and gills., The research suggests that common developmental programs patterned different anatomical structures.
Researchers are using DNA testing to determine the origins of medieval manuscripts, resolving issues with handwriting and dialect-based dating methods. By analyzing genetic data from parchment skins, scientists can identify similarities between manuscripts and pinpoint their time and place of origin.
A multidisciplinary research team discovers that the absence of the ERK2 gene is linked to birth defects affecting heart and head development. The study reveals a critical conserved role for ERK2 signaling in neural crest development, shedding light on how developmental errors occur.
A new wiki links every word to its corresponding author, allowing readers to know sources and authors receive due credit. This resolves the uncertainty of authorship in first-generation wikis, enhancing collaborative publishing with reputation systems.
Researchers at UT Austin create fruit fly model to study Angelman syndrome genetics, revealing behavioral dysfunctions similar to human cases. The UBE3A protein's role in degradation is linked to disease symptoms, with mutant flies displaying circadian rhythm irregularities and memory impairments.
Research published in Nature Genetics reveals that marsupials and humans share an identical genetic imprinting mechanism that evolved 150 million years ago. This discovery helps determine how the mechanism works and what can be done to prevent human diseases related to genetic imprinting.
This July/August issue of BioScience features articles on avian genomics, penguin populations, and the impact of human activities on wildlife. The journal also explores the role of biofuels in energy policy and genetic literacy among nonscience majors.
Researchers found that environmental enrichment reduced coordination and movement problems in Rett syndrome mice. The study also showed that BDNF levels were similar in enriched and normal mice, suggesting a gene-environment interaction.
Spradling's work on fruit fly genomics revolutionized developmental genetics and biology, advancing understanding of stem cells and their roles in human development and disease. His discoveries have led to new insights into digestive diseases, intestinal cancers, and infection strategies.
Researchers discovered a mutation in the MESP2 gene, which completely disrupts its function, leading to congenital vertebral abnormalities. The study provides hope for identifying and preventing Spondylothoracic Dysostosis, a rare genetic disorder affecting Puerto Rican populations.
Researchers identify collagenase-2 as a key player in multiple sclerosis development, providing a potential new therapeutic target. The enzyme's role in degrading tissue and allowing unwanted cells to invade the brain may be effectively blocked by pharmaceutical intervention.
A new study by NYU and University of Würzburg researchers found that color vision does not contribute to motion detection in fruit flies, challenging previous assumptions. The findings suggest two separate functional pathways for color and motion processing.
The study found that couples related at a third cousin level have the highest number of offspring, with an average of 4.04 children and 9.17 grandchildren. The correlation holds true across different eras and urbanization levels, suggesting a biological basis for the association.
Researchers block single gene NF-êB to reverse aging in mouse skin, demonstrating that aging is a result of an active genetic program. The study sets the stage for future genetic age-intervention therapies.
The American College of Medical Genetics Foundation awarded Dr. Stuart Schwartz a $100,000 grant to develop a clinical practice model incorporating whole genome SNP array analysis. This project aims to promote safe and effective genetic testing and services.
Dr. Pierre Drapeau is being awarded the highest distinction in Canadian spinal cord research for his pioneering study of spinal cord development using the zebrafish embryo. This groundbreaking work has opened new avenues for understanding vertebrate development and genetics.
Armand Marie Leroi, a developmental geneticist, has been recognized by the EMBO Award for Communication in the Life Sciences. He is praised for his ability to bridge science and public discourse through his writing and broadcasting.
Researchers developed a way to discover how genes and diet interact to cause birth defects using transparent fish embryos. They found that copper metabolism affects embryonic development, leading to insights into structural birth defects like scoliosis.
Researchers discovered that protein translation takes place in sperm prior to fertilization, essential for sperm functions like motility and fertilization. Inhibiting mitochondrial translation machinery leads to decreased sperm motility and fertility rates.
Research finds that parental discipline, peer relationships, and life events significantly affect teenagers' risk of depression. Having a supportive peer group can protect against depression, while excessive punitive discipline may increase the risk. Genetic background also plays a role in depression development.
Researchers discovered that the Hmx gene, which was previously thought to only develop the central nervous system in fruit flies, can also direct development of the inner ear and hypothalamus in mice. This suggests that old genes can be repurposed for new functions through regulatory element shuffling, enabling evolutionary advancements.
Researchers Drs Sun and Arceci find that loss of PASG gene results in reduced genomic methylation and premature aging in mice. The study reveals a potential model for studying aging and epigenetic regulation, with implications for cancer predisposition and therapeutic targeting.
Chiu presented her research on correlating gene changes with limb structure, a topic of interest to paleoanthropologists. By studying the mouse, she found that significant developmental differences are due to changes in gene regulation.
The International Congress of Genetics will consider the implications of the genetics revolution on global food security, health care, and social justice. The event aims to provide representation from developing countries, which have the most to gain and lose from genetic advancements.
Experts agree that inheritable genetic modification (IGM) can improve human health, social life, and access to medical technologies. However, they also emphasize the need for fair decision-making processes, informed participation of stakeholders, and consideration of moral and religious perspectives.
The annual conference discussed sex differences in development, immune system responses, and hormone effects on disease progression. Key findings included the role of microchimerism, fetal cells in maternal circulation, and steroid hormones in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and breast cancer.
Researchers from the Pittsburgh Development Center are conducting clinical and pre-clinical studies to investigate genetic components of recurrent miscarriage, normal and abnormal pregnancy, and tobacco smoke exposure's impact on fetal growth. The team aims to track development at the cellular level using non-invasive imaging scans.
A unique Icelandic study reveals a significant genetic component to endometriosis, with affected women being more interrelated than control groups. The research suggests that women at risk may benefit from earlier pregnancy or diagnostic tests.
Researchers investigate genetic link between Prader-Willi syndrome and psychotic illness, finding association with a sex-specific imprinted gene on chromosome 15. The study suggests that allelic variation of this gene could be a cause of genetic vulnerability to psychotic illness in the general population.
The International Collaborative Genetics Research Training Program aims to reduce health disparities through genetic sciences. The program provides Ph.D. and Master's level education, addressing ethics, social, and legal implications of genetics research in low- & middle-income countries.
A genetic defect in the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene is associated with a threefold increased risk of developing sporadic colorectal cancer. Carriers who smoke have a significantly higher risk of developing this type of cancer compared to non-smokers.
Scientists successfully transform human mammary epithelial cells into breast cancer cells by introducing three cancer-associated genes, revealing key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. The study also highlights the importance of cross-talk between cancer cells and their microenvironment in metastasis.
Researchers found that four-fifths of fall chinook salmon females in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River carried a genetic marker linked to males. The study suggests environmental contaminants or water temperature changes may be responsible for this sex reversal, which could contribute to the decline of Northwest salmon runs.
Researchers identified a biological marker that predicts breast cancer return in some women, with higher levels of damaged p53 protein found in those whose cancer recurred within four years. The finding may lead to personalized treatments, such as higher doses of radiation and novel therapies.
A study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a father's percent body fat predicted the pattern of weight gain in their daughters. The researchers analyzed data from 47 pre-pubescent girls, finding that only the father's weight correlated with the daughter's weight gain patterns.
Researchers have developed an assay that identifies specific combinations of gene variations linked to heart disease. The assay allows quick access to individuals' genetic profiles, enabling precise diagnostic tests for heart disease and other chronic illnesses.