Articles tagged with Immune Response
Researchers have identified HLA-G dimer as a powerful immune molecule that can help prevent organ rejection. This molecule works by down-regulating the immune response and has potential applications in treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine tested a high-dose regimen of cyclophosphamide on nine MS patients, showing a 40% reduction in disability scores and an 87% improvement in physical and mental function. The 'HiCy' treatment appears to clear out the immune system and allow nerve cells to repair themselves.
A protein sequence associated with Huntington's disease has been identified as a potential life-saving vaccine component. The polyQ-based adjuvant efficiently enhances both branches of the immune response to a poor model antigen, with no apparent toxicity in mice.
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have created a new probe that allows for the modeling and measurement of the immune system in action. The probe enables scientists to monitor the immune response at the whole body level in 3D, facilitating faster diagnosis and treatment evaluation of immunological disorders.
A unique HIV vaccine formulation has been shown to induce strong and balanced immune responses in healthy human volunteers. The combination approach used in the study achieved high titer antibodies that recognized a diverse group of HIV envelope proteins, providing promising results for future efforts to optimize HIV vaccine formulations.
Researchers found that abnormal 'editing' of gene messages in a type of white blood cell may be behind the development of lupus. This could lead to earlier diagnosis and monitoring of patients' responses to therapy.
Researchers from Tengion, Inc., present a new study suggesting that growing a replacement organ using the patient's own cells could be an effective and safe treatment option. The technique involves seeding bladder progenitor cells on a biodegradable scaffold, which can then be implanted into the patient.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that chemotherapy can boost the immune system's response to cancer vaccines, potentially improving their effectiveness. In a phase I study, patients who received multiple doses of chemotherapy along with a vaccine showed enhanced immune responses.
Researchers discovered that viral agents can kick-start the body's immune response in the moist nasal lining, leading to inflammation and symptoms like sneezing and congestion. This understanding may lead to new therapies to block the triggering reactions for sinusitis and asthma.
Cure Lab, Inc. has developed a new technology that combines two forms of vaccine antigens: one easily processed by the proteosome and another resistant to it. This combination elicits a stronger immune response than using either form alone, promising improved vaccine efficiency.
A UCLA study found that broccoli's sulforaphane can switch on antioxidant genes and enzymes in immune cells, combating oxidative tissue damage. This could lead to a decline in age-related decline in immune function.
New study reveals that timing of IL-7 treatment is crucial for enhancing antiviral immunity in mice. Administering IL-7 during the immune response contraction phase improves viral control and boosts vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell memory.
A recent article in Developmental and Comparative Immunology reveals that plants possess elements of specificity and responsiveness to disease-causing agents, similar to animal immunity. The study suggests that the plant immune surveillance genes diversify at a rate stimulated by pathogen presence, shedding new light on plant immunity.
A study by McGill University researchers found that certain immunoregulatory T-cells lose potency with age, leading to the onset of autoimmune diabetes. This discovery provides insight into the mechanism of type 1 diabetes and may lead to new immune system-based therapies.
The foundation has committed over $200 million to support cancer researchers since its inception. Seventeen new Damon Runyon Fellows were named for their innovative projects in basic and translational cancer research.
Scientists found that inactivating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) helps prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a leading cause of death in premature babies. Blocking TLR4 signals could potentially treat NEC by regulating the intestine's immune response.
Mice subjected to psychological stress are more susceptible to skin infections due to decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides by the epidermis. Inhibiting glucocorticoids may improve immune function in stressed individuals.
A new study by researchers links low temperatures and relative humidities to the rapid spread of influenza, validating the seasonal flu theory. The study found that low relative humidities facilitate viral transmission, with opposite effects at higher humidity levels.
A new study by David Heckerman and colleagues developed a statistical framework to model HLA-dependent T cell response data. The approach identified 12 correct predictions out of 16, providing significant implications for understanding and developing an HIV vaccine.
Research suggests the appendix serves as a reservoir for beneficial bacteria, protecting them from harm and allowing them to repopulate the gut after diarrhea. This discovery challenges the long-held view of the appendix's uselessness.
A regulatory protein called CTLA-4 inhibits the action of HIV-specific CD4 T cells, leading to immune system breakdown in AIDS patients. Elevated CTLA-4 expression correlates with disease progression and reduced CD4 counts, suggesting a potential treatment target.
Research suggests that ghrelin improves thymic mass and T cell output with increased diversity of the TCR repertoire in mice, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic approach to boost immune function in elderly or immunocompromised individuals.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina and Max Planck Institute discovered that an autoimmune response can create a barrier to producing viable offspring in plants. This phenomenon, known as hybrid necrosis, can be triggered by specific gene combinations, suggesting a potential early step in the development of new species.
The Wistar Institute's novel HIV vaccine has received funding for human clinical trials after demonstrating a vigorous immune response in preclinical studies. The vaccine uses a chimpanzee virus backbone and aims to stimulate CD8+ T cells, which can reduce viral load but not prevent infection.
A study suggests that 20 weeks of Taiji exercise can increase antibody response to influenza vaccine in older adults. The study found that the Taiji group had higher antibody responses and a greater percentage of participants achieved protective levels compared to the control group.
Researchers found that only Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) played a significant role in the immune response to Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacterium causing melioidosis. This discovery suggests that inhibiting TLR2 may be a potential treatment strategy for this severe infection.
A new vaccine has been developed to prevent hCMV infection and disease in mice, showing promise for human use. The vaccine generates an immune response that protects against both infection and disease by disarming the virus's ability to replicate.
Researchers detected anti-Fluzone antibodies in 40% of cord blood specimens, establishing B and T cell responses to antigens occur in utero following maternal vaccination. This finding has significant implications for understanding when immune responses to environmental exposures begin.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that lipoic acid restores glutathione levels and boosts antioxidant defenses to combat cellular decline associated with aging. The compound also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, relevant to degenerative diseases.
A national study led by Saint Louis University School of Medicine is investigating the effectiveness of a new investigational vaccine made by Bavarian Nordic in stimulating an immune response against smallpox. The study aims to determine how quickly people can be protected after a release of smallpox into the environment.
A study published in Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine found that children under ongoing family stress have more fevers with illness than other children. Interestingly, the immune system's natural killer cell function in these children also increases, unlike adults who experience decreased function.
Researchers develop biodegradable vaccine delivery system that stimulates cellular-mediated immunity and enhances antibody response. The microsphere formulation could lead to single-dose vaccines for diseases requiring booster shots.
Inflammatory myopathies and coeliac disease may be linked, with a gluten-free diet potentially improving inclusion-body myositis symptoms. Researchers explore immunopathogenic mechanisms and genetic substrates to confirm findings.
Researchers at University of Texas Medical Branch have discovered a way to identify the biochemical profile of an inappropriate immune response to viral infection. The study uses a protein-scanning chip and computer database to examine over 1,200 protein interactions in guinea pigs infected with two different strains of Pichinde virus.
A study published in JCI Journals reveals that vitamin D3 production is induced by skin wounds, leading to increased expression of antimicrobial peptides and microbial recognition receptors. This mechanism helps protect the skin from harmful microbes and enhances immune response.
Researchers discovered a new protein, Carabin, that acts as an internal brake to limit the immune system's response, preventing excessive inflammation. This discovery may have potential applications in stopping unwanted immune reactions, such as organ rejection.
Researchers found that the 1918 flu virus triggers a deadly respiratory infection by attacking the lungs, leading to death. The study provides insight into how the virus killed so quickly and efficiently, offering potential clues for developing novel antiviral strategies.
Cells use a new signaling pathway to alter their adhesive properties, which could lead to a better understanding of tissue development and immune responses. This discovery may also provide new therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancer and inflammatory conditions.
A new study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases found that more people were at risk of anthrax infection after the 2001 attack on Sen. Tom Daschle's office than previously known. Prompt intervention with antibiotics and vaccination appeared to be highly effective against the disease, with no deaths resulting from the act.
Researchers discovered a single Toxoplasma protein, ROP16, that travels to the host cell nucleus and blocks normal responses to invasion. This finding has wide-ranging implications for diseases caused by other parasites, including malaria.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that targeting specific HIV proteins can lead to effective control of the virus. Researchers suggest that a more targeted vaccine approach may be necessary.
A new study found that HIV-infected individuals with CD8 responses directed against the Gag protein have lower viral levels. This contradicts previous approaches focusing on broad responses against multiple viral proteins. The researchers suggest that targeting specific proteins like Gag may be more effective in controlling HIV.
Researchers have identified a molecule, osteopontin, that plays a central role in relapses of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteopontin promotes the survival of T cells that carry out the damaging attack on myelin, increasing their destructive potential.
A study in mice with type 1 diabetes shows that an initial immune response to proinsulin triggers the attack on other proteins, leading to disease development. The findings suggest a potential therapeutic target for preventing this spreading response.
In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the gene encoding prion protein, suppressing its accumulation in mice. This breakthrough provides hope for developing a new therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative disorders like CJD and BSE. Further research is ne...
Two candidate vaccines have shown promise in a recent study, demonstrating an immune response in healthy adults and inducing positive CD4 T cell responses. The combination of DNA priming and rAd5 boosting may lead to higher levels of T cell responses and improved vaccine efficacy.
Monash PhD researcher Ms Fleur Tynan has been awarded a Victoria Fellowship to study advanced cellular imaging techniques at Stanford University. Her research focuses on the human immune response to viruses, which may lead to developing therapeutics that assist in the anti-viral immune response.
A study published in Nature found that the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus induces a potent immune system response in mice, yet fails to prevent severe lung disease and death. Researchers hope to understand the trajectory of this infection and develop targeted therapies for other viral infections.
This study confirms the existence of immunological synapses, microanatomical structures similar to those of nerve cells, in laboratory rats. The findings settle controversy over their existence and functional significance during antiviral immune responses, paving the way for further research.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine – Northwest propose that a family of proteins producing PGLYRP can be used to develop medications for HIV/AIDS patients. These proteins appear to be the front line in defending the body from infection, mounting a defense long before the body's main immune system responds.
Researchers identified the AgDscam gene, essential for recognizing a broad range of pathogens in mosquitoes. Silencing this gene increases susceptibility to bacterial infections and malaria, highlighting its potential as a target for novel control methods.
Researchers have discovered the structure of a protein called nucleoprotein, which helps viruses like rabies evade the human immune system. The protein acts as a 'clamp' to protect the virus RNA from degradation by host enzymes.
The study demonstrates an extremely high rate of prediction accuracy (95%) in a very complex pathogen, the vaccinia virus. Bioinformatics was able to reveal the vast majority of epitopes that trigger an effective immune response against the virus.
Activation of EGFR stimulates AMP production, enhancing skin's antibacterial defense against Staphylococcus aureus. Wounding alone activates defense mechanisms to prevent microbial growth and related skin infections.
Researchers found that T cells responding to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen1 (EBNA1) are hyper-reactive and produce interferon-gamma, which shapes immune responses. This hyper-reactivity may trigger the destruction of myelin sheathing in nerve cells, leading to MS.
Researchers found a synergistic combination of a low-dose CD3 antibody and proinsulin peptide to reverse recent-onset type 1 diabetes in mice, promoting pancreatic beta cell regeneration. This approach may hold great potential for the treatment of individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
Lung surfactant plays a crucial role in balancing host defense and reducing surface tension. Research has also linked surfactant to the innate and adaptive immune systems, with collectins such as SP-A and SP-D regulating immune responses and preventing infection and lung injury.
The Duke study aims to determine whether a modified form of the investigational bird flu vaccine can trigger a strong immune response at lower doses. The seven-month trial will test varying strengths of the H5N1 vaccine, either with or without an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant.
Researchers found that a dose of 90 micrograms per shot was most effective in producing protective antibodies against bird flu. To make the vaccine available to more people, studies are underway to test an adjuvant called alum, which could allow for reduced doses and increased supply.
Researchers found that humans lost genes related to the sense of smell, bitter taste, and immune response, which may have improved our ability to fight infections. The loss of the CASPASE12 gene, in particular, led to a stronger immune response, but also made it harder for humans to fight off severe bacterial infections.