Researchers discovered that peroxynitrite plays a critical role in developing morphine tolerance. Therapeutic manipulation of peroxynitrite can prevent its formation or decomposition to maintain the pain-relieving effect of morphine, reducing side effects and improving patient outcomes.
A five-year longitudinal observational cohort study found that anxiety is strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Those who experience severe life events are more likely to develop sleep disturbances, especially if they already have a predisposition to anxiety.
Severe US wildfires can release as much CO2 as the entire transportation sector of a state, posing challenges for emissions tracking. The study found that fires in Western and Southeastern states account for a disproportionate share of carbon emissions.
The Lancet report highlights Australia's poor indigenous health statistics, including a 17-year gap in life expectancy between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Improving access to quality care, prevention strategies, and increasing the number of indigenous health workers are key recommendations.
A review of international research into resuscitation found that slow codes, where healthcare professionals resuscitate patients too slowly, are still an issue. Researchers agree that all decisions relating to cardiac resuscitation should be made in accordance with up-to-date clinical guidelines.
A study published in the journal SLEEP found that children with Asperger syndrome (AS) have a high prevalence of sleep disorders, particularly those related to initiating sleep and sleep restlessness. The study also showed unique patterns of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) activity in AS subjects.
A panel of experts proposes a definition of recovery as a voluntarily maintained lifestyle characterized by sobriety, personal health, and citizenship. The proposed definition includes classification of duration of sobriety and recognition of the importance of personal health and citizenship in achieving true recovery.
The UMass Chan Medical School Heat Shock Protein Consortium will investigate the causes of type 1 diabetes with dual grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) and The Iacocca Foundation. The research aims to understand the role of cellular stress in autoimmune diabetes, with specific focus on endoplasmic reticulum st...
The new protocol allows scientists to identify cell-cycle stages and analyze cell growth in mixed populations. It has been used to characterize immune cells in human blood, providing insight into their activity patterns.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and Rice University have successfully destroyed liver cancer tumors using radio waves that heat up carbon nanotubes embedded in them. While there were some side effects on healthy tissue, the study shows promise for a new therapy.
The new NIST mini-sensor is almost 1000 times more sensitive than the original chip-scale magnetometer and can detect magnetic fields in the range of 3-40 femtoteslas. The device has potential applications in non-invasive biomagnetic measurements, such as fetal heart monitoring and brain activity measurement.
Dexamethasone treatment disrupts sleep and causes profound fatigue in children with ALL, according to a new St. Jude study. The research suggests that altering timing or dosing of the drug could lessen these side effects and improve quality of life.
UMMS associate professor JeanMarie Houghton received a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, recognizing her work on the link between gastric cancers and bone marrow-derived stem cells. Her research aims to understand the progression of events leading to cancer development and develop targeted treatments.
UK government's focus on cannabis reclassification may divert attention from more pressing health concerns. Experts argue that increasing penalties have limited impact on cannabis use and harm, highlighting the need for better public communication about the risks of substance abuse.
Researchers at the National Physical Laboratory are working towards a redefinition of the kilogram, which could shift from a physical object to a fundamental physical constant. The goal is to improve accuracy and consistency in measurements, but current results show a significant discrepancy with previous data.
A team of researchers crafted a working radio from a single carbon nanotube, performing four critical roles: antenna, tunable filter, amplifier, and demodulator. The tiny device could have applications in radio-controlled devices, cell phones, and other fields.
Researchers have found that a new estrogen-derived drug, 2-methoxyestradiol (meth-oxy-es-tra-di-ol), effectively targets breast cancer cells, prevents their spread to bone, and protects against osteolysis. This discovery has significant implications for the treatment of breast cancer.
Mayo Clinic researchers found that 2ME2 can effectively target breast cancer cells, prevent the spread of breast cancer to bone and protect bone from osteolysis. The study's findings suggest that 2ME2 could be a new therapy in treating advanced breast cancer.
Researchers in Norway analyzed TB cases between 1993 and 2005, finding little evidence of spread among native-born citizens. Instead, immigrants brought more strains, while native infections decreased, suggesting immigration does not significantly contribute to TB transmission.
Researchers found an antibody against placental growth factor (PlGF) blocks tumor growth and enhances chemotherapy effects in mice. The antibody has a better safety profile than VEGF inhibitors, which cause severe side effects.
Researchers at OHSU have identified the WNK kinase protein complex as a master switch that regulates blood pressure. The study reveals how this complex modulates salt and potassium balance in the kidney, raising or lowering blood pressure depending on its functioning.
A common medication used to stop preterm labor is associated with increased risk of brain damage and intestinal problems in premature infants. However, use of the medication has not been linked to other serious complications. Obstetricians are now advised to limit its use to cases where babies are at greatest risk.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine have identified an enzyme called MOF that is essential for tumor development and growth. By manipulating MOF in tumor cells, researchers hope to make them more sensitive to radiation therapy, which could lead to improved cancer treatment outcomes.
A team of researchers found that SENP1 regulates the entire hypoxic response and plays a role in other kinds of cancers. Inhibiting SENP1 might be one way to turn off tumor growth by cutting off a protein's ability to build new blood vessels.
Researchers at the University of Washington have created 3D models of landmarks using vacation photos from Flickr. The models were accurate enough to show individual figures carved into stone facades, with resolutions comparable to those obtained by laser scanners.
A study found that supervised exercise programs resulted in varying weight loss outcomes due to compensatory responses such as increased hunger and food intake. The research suggests that individual variability plays a crucial role in weight management, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to address differences in physiologic...
The NIH has awarded $15 million over the next five years to the UCSF-GIVI Center for AIDS Research, doubling its previous support. The center provides strategic services and infrastructure to HIV/AIDS researchers, focusing on translational research and collaborations across disciplines.
The Lancet seminar highlights the need for a collaborative approach to prevent SIDS, emphasizing the importance of campaigns like placing infants on their backs during sleep. Other risk factors include maternal smoking, soft bedding, and bed sharing, while room-sharing without bed-sharing has been shown to reduce SIDS risk.
The Russian economy is experiencing rapid growth driven by a thriving middle class, but this has led to widening income disparities and growing poverty. Forecasting growth or recession beyond 2011 is hazardous, as the country faces challenges in increasing energy production and exports.
A study published in Journal of Vascular Surgery found increased aortic arch calcium content and complex arch morphology are associated with higher risk of embolization during carotid artery stenting in patients over 75. This may lead to the use of alternative techniques to reduce risk.
Researchers found peroxynitrite plays a crucial role in opiate-induced antinociceptive tolerance in mice. Accumulation of tyrosine-nitrated proteins and oxidative DNA damage were associated with this process.
Green roofs offer multiple benefits, including reduced energy costs and controlled storm-water runoff. They also provide havens for local wildlife, making them an attractive alternative to traditional roofing options. Researchers argue that further research is needed to optimize green roof designs and plant species.
A new laser technique uses femtosecond pulses to selectively destroy viruses and bacteria, including those causing AIDS and hospital infections. The treatment is non-toxic to human cells, offering a promising solution for disinfection and disease treatment.
A team of researchers at Thomas Jefferson University discovered stem cells in the intervertebral discs of humans and animals, suggesting a potential new approach to treating degenerative disc disease. The discovery could lead to the use of adult stem cells to repair damaged discs and alleviate lower back and neck pain.
A new Nordic study reveals a correlation between mothers' body mass index (BMI) and symptoms like hyperactivity in their children. The research, based on over 12,500 children in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, suggests that even moderate weight gain during pregnancy can increase the risk of ADHD-like symptoms in school-age children.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has released practice parameters for the evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. The guidelines recommend various treatments, including melatonin administration, timed light exposure, and actigraphy, to improve alertness and performance in night shift workers.
Experts from University of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins discuss strategies for successful HPV vaccination programs, including long-term safety assessments and patient education. The authors emphasize the importance of designing programs in developing countries to combat widespread cervical cancer cases.
A new study suggests that drug-eluting stents are not cost-effective for low-risk patients due to higher costs and lower quality-adjusted life years. However, the treatment is found to be beneficial in high-risk patients with small vessel or bypass-graft stenting.
Researchers developed a new mouse model to predict the loss of orally taken drugs due to metabolism by CYP3A, a key enzyme involved in first-pass metabolism. The study found that mice lacking functional CYP3A proteins accumulated docetaxol at higher levels, demonstrating the enzyme's role in intestinal metabolism.
The American Dietetic Association's November issue explores the effects of poverty on human development, highlighting barriers to accessing fruits and vegetables. Researchers found that low-income families face significant cost challenges in meeting daily recommended fruit and vegetable intake.
Researchers at UMass Medical School will study the role of heat shock proteins in type 1 diabetes using dual grants from JDRF and the Iacocca Foundation. The $300,000 funding supports innovative studies across various departments and disciplines to understand Hsp abnormalities that may lead to type 1 diabetes.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have identified sphingosine kinase 2 as a potential therapeutic target to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The enzyme plays a crucial role in mediating death in cancer cells through p53-independent mechanisms.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a protein called menin as a key regulator of gestational diabetes. The study suggests that understanding the mechanisms of regulating menin could lead to new ways of growing islets for transplantation and new treatments for diabetes in pregnant women and obese adults.
Two studies found a significant increase in five- and ten-year survival rates for MM patients over the past decade, with younger patients showing the most dramatic improvement. Novel therapies have been credited with this trend, particularly among younger patients.
A PET scan significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) by measuring brain sugar uptake. The study found that FDG-PET scans correctly diagnosed FTD and Alzheimer's in almost 90% of cases, increasing accuracy by 14%.
A team of researchers has discovered that colugos, also known as flying lemurs, are the closest living relatives to primates. This finding has significant implications for anthropology and genomics, providing a clearer understanding of primate evolution and potential fossil record placement.
A University of Minnesota study finds that Medicare lacks the necessary tools and incentives to implement evidence-based coverage policies, which are designed to improve medical quality and reduce costs. The research suggests that policymakers' assumptions about the impact of these policies on physician behavior are often incorrect.
A recent study published in Hepatology found that minority patients do not have worse outcomes after liver transplantation when treated at high-volume academic medical centers. The study, led by W. Ray Kim, analyzed data from over 2,800 adult patients and found no relationship between recipient race and survival.
Researchers found that a high-fat diet decreases regulatory T cells in the liver, leading to inflammation and increased susceptibility to liver injury. Switching to a normal diet reverses this effect.
Mice subjected to psychological stress are more susceptible to skin infections due to decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides by the epidermis. Inhibiting glucocorticoids may improve immune function in stressed individuals.
Kyle Cranmer, a Brookhaven Lab physicist, has received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers for his work on the ATLAS experiment at CERN. He specializes in advanced data analysis and statistical techniques to discover new physics at the Large Hadron Collider.
Researchers will create detailed computer models of a new proposed type of nuclear reactor, the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), which can burn highly radioactive materials and operate without using new fuel. The project aims to improve understanding of the physics of the system to design safer reactors.
The UK faces a growing obesity crisis with alarming statistics showing a 30-50% increase in obesity rates over the past decade. Experts call for a comprehensive approach to tackle the epidemic, including promoting healthy eating and exercise, and investing in meaningful interventions.
A Commonwealth Fund survey finds US adults are most likely to report medical errors, go without care due to costs, and support rebuilding the healthcare system. The US ranks last in saying only minor changes are needed, with high out-of-pocket costs and great problems paying medical bills.
Case Western Reserve researchers have bred a line of 'mighty mice' with the ability to run five to six kilometers at high speeds. The mice utilize fatty acids for energy and produce little lactic acid, allowing them to maintain endurance over extended periods.
Researchers developed a mouse model to predict the loss of orally administered drugs due to CYP3A metabolism. The study found that mice with human CYP3A expression in the intestine had higher docetaxol levels, while those with liver expression showed only slight decreases.
Five essayists have been chosen from a shortlist of 40 for their innovative approaches to addressing health inequities in developing countries. The winners tackle topics such as patent systems, food security, HIV/AIDS, and healthcare access in China.
Researchers identify novel TRF2 target promoters, distinguishing between three classes of genes dependent on TBP or TRF2. Depletion of TRF2 leads to reduced ribosomal gene transcription and chromosomal defects.
Scientists discovered that immune cells called macrophages play a role in age-related macular degeneration by failing to block abnormal blood vessel formation. In older mice, macrophages shift from M1 to M2 type, promoting disease progression.
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered a novel mechanism to predict survival in older women with early-stage lung cancer. Higher levels of aromatase, an enzyme that produces estrogen, are associated with more aggressive disease and lower survival rates in women over 65.
A study published in SLEEP found that a sleep-related breathing disorder, such as central sleep apnea (CSA) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), increases heart rate variability in heart failure patients. This association may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms involved and could potentially inform treatment strategies.
Researchers developed an approach based on negotiation skills to manage conflicts between physicians, patients, and families. Clinicians can use skillful negotiation techniques to reach a balanced solution that satisfies all parties.
A recent study found that breastfed babies with asthmatic mothers had lower airflows and no improved lung growth, suggesting a potential link between breastfeeding and increased risk of asthma. In contrast, non-asthmatic mothers' milk may promote lung development.
Researchers have developed new designer toxins that can kill Bt-resistant insect pests, including the pink bollworm, a major cotton pest. The toxins work by modifying the way the insects' gut membranes respond to Bt toxins, rendering them ineffective.
Researchers have discovered a new potential cancer therapy that targets angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels that feed tumor cells. Anti-PLGF inhibits the growth of VEGF(R)-resistant tumors without affecting healthy vessels, offering a promising alternative to existing treatments.
Researchers have identified multiple genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus in brassicas like broccoli and cabbage. This discovery has the potential to develop resilient crop varieties that can withstand virus mutations.
Researchers at Penn University discovered that changing atomic mass reduces friction between sliding bodies, reducing energy loss and wear. This study provides a fundamental understanding of atomic-scale phenomena contributing to friction.
A study by The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that nearly one in four children with heart disease are overweight or obese, highlighting the need for doctors to counsel families on safe exercise routines. The researchers also noted that discussions about weight control were relatively uncommon during cardiology clinic visits.
A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study finds that psychological factors, including traumatic life events like abuse, accelerate HIV disease progression and mortality. The research suggests that clinicians should screen patients for depression and trauma to improve health outcomes.
Stevens' China Program, an online teaching and learning program, has been named 'most outstanding' by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Over 160 students are now enrolled or have earned master's degrees in various fields.
A study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that minority patients prefer optical colonoscopy (OC) over computed tomographic (CT) colonography for colorectal cancer screening. OC was associated with less discomfort, embarrassment, and pain compared to CT colonography.
A recent study published in Gastroenterology found that high glucose levels are a strong risk factor for colorectal cancer. Patients with elevated insulin and glucose levels had a 50% increased risk of recurrence of colorectal tumors. Maintaining a healthy glycemic index may help reduce this risk.
A four-year study involving 600 children and 80 parents found that having friends at the new school helped settle-in, get-on and become more independent. Friends provided a sense of security and support during challenging times.
New studies published in JGIM examine the consequences of language barriers for patients with limited English proficiency, finding measurable disparities in quality of care. Hospitals are often unable to obtain full informed consent from patients due to lack of professional interpreter services, while Hispanic patients are less likely ...
A new study challenges traditional notions of triage in disaster response by highlighting the importance of regional hospital capacity and field triage accuracy. The research suggests that levels of overtriage can be beneficial, harmless or detrimental depending on local resources and response times.
Arizona State University faculty members Matthew J. Fouch and Jenefer Husman received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) for their innovative research in geophysics and educational psychology. The award recognizes their work on integrating geophysical data types to better understand Earth's interior.
A new study by Penn State University finds that colugos, also known as flying lemurs, are the closest living relatives of primates. The researchers used molecular and genomic data to analyze the evolutionary relationships among three groups: primates, colugos, and tree shrews.
The upgraded system increases computing power by a factor of five, enabling researchers to explore complex systems at unprecedented scale and speed. With this boost, Argonne's leadership in petascale computing is solidified, paving the way for breakthroughs in materials research, medicine, and other fields.
Scientists successfully rotate single electron's spin using electric fields, a crucial step for future quantum computing. This breakthrough clears the path for a more powerful and efficient quantum computer.
Researchers used computer simulations to show how electrons become one thousand times more massive in certain metal compounds at extremely low temperatures. This finding may provide new clues for understanding superconductivity and fabricating new superconducting materials.